Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. The term energy is described as the ability or capacity that allows something or someone to perform work.

D. to do work

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Light, heat, and electricity are all forms of energy. Oxygen is not an energy; it is a colorless gas that supports all life forms.

B. oxygen

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a chemical compound which serves as the chemical fuel of living organisms. It is composed of adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups. The main function of this compound is storing and releasing energy for the cells.

A. ATP

Heterotrophs get their energy from other organisms while autotrophs get theirs from sunlight .

A glucose molecule can store 90 times more energy than ATP. However, ATP is an immediate source of energy for cells.

Cells can store energy by adding phosphate groups to ADP. This then produces ATP. They can then release stored energy in ATP by breaking the bonds in the phosphate groups.

Plants undergo photosynthesis and use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to synthesize high energy carbohydrates.

A

C

Chloroplasts have thylakoids which are 2 envelope membranes that are filled with saclike chlorophyll which contains membranes. Chloroplasts also contain the stroma which is the fluid portion surrounding the thylakoids.

C

B

A

For every 6 carbon dioxide molecules that enter the Calvin Cycle, 12 3-carbon compounds are formed.

The factors which affect photosynthesis include water, sunlight, and temperature.

Water shortage can decrease the rate of photosynthesis, or in worst cases, stop it.

The intensity of light affects the rate of photosynthesis. If a plant has increased exposure to sunlight, the rate of photosynthesis will increase.

On the other hand, the enzymes involved in photosynthesis work best at a temperature between 0 to 35 degrees Celsius. If the temperature will go above or below the ideal temperature, it will affect the rate of photosynthesis.

The factors which affect photosynthesis include water, sunlight, and temperature.

An adaptation that allows plants to withstand dry, hot conditions is closing the small openings, which is known as stomata, in their leaves to reduce the rate of transpiration. By doing this, water is conserved, but the process of photosynthesis slows down.

Cows and other primary consumers acquire energy by eating plants and absorbing the sugars and high-energy molecules stored in them. In return, the animals use this sugars to produce their own cellular energy or ATP to do their work.

The factors which affect photosynthesis include water, sunlight, and temperature.

Water shortage can decrease the rate of photosynthesis, or in worst cases, stop it.

The intensity of light affects the rate of photosynthesis. If a plant has increased exposure to sunlight, the rate of photosynthesis will increase.

On the other hand, the enzymes involved in photosynthesis work best at a temperature between 0 to 35 degrees Celsius. If the temperature will go above or below the ideal temperature, it would affect the rate of photosynthesis.

The diagram below is a model of photosynthesis. It shows the flow of energy and matter in the system.

The diagram below is a model of photosynthesis. It shows the flow of energy and matter in the system. (Click to see the diagram)

Plants are able to manufacture chemical energy through photosynthesis. Living things benefit in this process since they all rely on energy to perform work, particularly their life processes.

During photosynthesis, plants use the energy from the sun by converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The sources of glucose are from the carbon atoms in carbon dioxide and hydrogen atoms in water. The sugars and high-energy molecules, such as ATP, that are produced by the plants are transferred to primary consumers when they eat them. In return, the consumers use this sugars to produce their own cellular energy or ATP to do their work.

The model below shows how energy is produced by the ATP.

By losing one phosphate group, it gives off energy. Once energy is released, it becomes ADP.

The model below shows how energy is produced by the ATP.

By losing one phosphate group, it gives off energy. Once energy is released, it becomes ADP. (Click to see the diagram)

The answer is no. The interaction between heterotrophs, autotrophs, and environment is what makes an ecosystem successful. Autotrophs produce chemical energy and oxygen through photosynthesis to ensure life continues on Earth. Heterotrophs depend on plants for nutrients and oxygen in order to survive. In turn, they release carbon dioxide that is absorbed by plants.

If autotrophs are going to be wiped out from the Earth, then heterotrophs would not survive. Moreover, if heterotrophs are no longer around, there would be less supply of carbon dioxide. This event would slow down or hinder the process of photosynthesis in plants.

No.

Here are the possible questions that can be asked in order to investigate and explain the role of photosynthesis in algae:
1. What are the parts found in algae?
2. What is the role of algae in the ecosystem found in the aquarium?
3. Do the algae use the process of photosynthesis?
4. How does the photosynthesis in aquatic organisms differ in the autotrophs that live on land?
5. Do the algae grow well if they are exposed to long periods of sunlight?
6. Do the algae grow well in a warm or a cold environment?

a. The light-independent reactions are described as a cycle because these reactions occur in three steps that are continuously repeated in the same order. These stages are fixation, reduction, and regeneration. It uses carbon dioxide, ATP and NADPH to produce high-energy molecules, such as glucose.

In the first stage of this cycle, carbon fixation happens, wherein carbon molecules combine with a five-carbon molecule called RuBP.

In the next stage, the organic molecule is reduced and it becomes a simple sugar. NADPH donates electrons to molecules to make the sugar.

The third step is the regeneration which requires ATP. The regeneration happens when sugar molecules proceed to make glucose and the other molecules are recycled to regenerate RuBP compound, which in turn would accept new carbon molecules.

b. One glucose molecule is produced when six carbon atoms enter the cycle. The carbon atoms usually come from the atmosphere.

c. The reason for this event is because the light-independent reactions rely on ATP and NADPH, which was produced from light-dependent reactions, to assemble energy-rich sugars.

a. The light-independent reactions are described as a cycle because these reactions occur in three steps that are continuously repeated in the same order. These stages are fixation, reduction, and regeneration. It uses carbon dioxide, ATP and NADPH to produce high-energy molecules, such as glucose.

b. One glucose molecule is produced when six carbon atoms enter the cycle. The carbon atoms usually come from the atmosphere.

c. The reason for this event is because the light-independent reactions rely on ATP and NADPH, which was produced from light-dependent reactions, to assemble energy-rich sugars.

The marble track resembles an electron transport chain. The marbles are like high-energy electrons that go through a series of reactions that generate ATP. Once the marble reaches the end of one level, it drops to the next and causes a chain reaction. This is similar to the way the electrons to roll downhill through the electron transport chain and releases energy along the way.

This model, which only shows a part of photosynthesis, can be improved if it would be integrated with the processes that take place when the electrons are carried to photosystems II and I. This would allow a better understanding of the role of the transport system in the entire process of photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is a perfect example of how energy and matter move through an ecosystem. Both energy and matter usually flow in one direction. They are never created nor destroyed, they are only converted into one form into another.

For example, the light energy is absorbed by the leaves of the plants during photosynthesis. In this case, the light was transformed into chemical energy in the form of sugars and molecules. However, these sugars can never be recycled back to light energy since the process is irreversible. It just goes on and on until the energy is lost in the atmosphere in the form of heat energy. Also, when plants take in water and carbon dioxide, they undergo processes that continuously break and re-assemble their molecules.

The cycling of matter in the environment usually occurs as the elements are transferred from one step in the food chain into the next; for example, the carbon in plants is transferred to herbivores, then to the carnivores. Once the top-level consumer dies, carbon goes back to the environment and gets to be absorbed again by plants as nutrients for photosynthesis.

During the first stage of the Calvin cycle, a carbon dioxide molecule provides the carbon atom and the oxygen atoms in making a G3P molecule with 3 carbon atoms. Two G3P molecules are used to generate a six-carbon glucose molecule. Therefore, all of the atoms in a carbon dioxide molecule becomes a part of a glucose molecule.

Glucose and oxygen are the products of photosynthesis. If a leaf converts 264 grams of carbon dioxide into 180 grams of glucose, then the remaining 84 grams is the oxygen that is released as a waste product during photosynthesis.

A sample graph below shows a linear equation that fits the data in an experiment about oxygen production in an aquatic plant. The linear equation is y = -0.8x + 39.8.

A sample graph below shows a linear equation that fits the data in an experiment about oxygen production in an aquatic plant. The linear equation is y = -0.8x + 39.8. (Click to see the graph)

The graph would look like this:

The graph shows a downhill pattern, which indicates a decreasing trend. We can determine the number of bubbles that would appear when the light source is 5, 25, and 50 cm away using the equation y = -0.8x + 39.8.

If the light source is 5 cm away, then the bubbles produced per minute is 43.5.
If the light source is 25 cm away, then the bubbles produced per minute is 18.5.
If the light source is 50 cm away, then the bubbles produced per minute is -12.75.

According to the data on the table, when the distance from the light increased, the bubbles produced per minute have decreased. The relationship between the two variables shows an inverse one. This means that if one variable increases, then the other one decreases, and vice-versa.

Using this information, we can conclude that when the aquatic plant is placed far from light, it gets less sun exposure. This affects the rate of photosynthesis, including its by-products. When the rate of photosynthesis is slow, the oxygen produced as a waste product is also low.

During photosynthesis, two types of reaction occur. Light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast. This process converts solar energy into the molecules that are used for the light-independent reaction. Once the light is absorbed by the chloroplasts, high-energy electrons are transported into the different chemical reactions that produce ATP and NADPH. These molecules are used for producing high-energy sugars during the next stage of photosynthesis.

On the other hand, the light-independent reaction, which is also known as the Calvin cycle, takes place in the stroma of the chloroplasts. It uses carbon dioxide, ATP and NADPH to produce high-energy molecules, such as glucose. This cycle does not require the presence of light.

The flow of energy is responsible for the cycling of matter, such as water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen, in and out of the plant cells. The sunlight absorbed by the chlorophyll is harnessed by the plant as light energy, which is responsible for converting water molecules into oxygen, ATP, and NADPH during the light-dependent reactions.

On the other hand, the ATP and NADPH, which contain chemical energy, are used to convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into high-energy sugars during light-independent reactions. In turn, the sugars are used by the plant for its growth and development. The sugars are also stored as nutrients, which are later transferred to consumers once they eat the plant.