Miller and Levine Biology
Miller and Levine Biology
1st Edition
Joseph S. Levine, Kenneth R. Miller
ISBN: 9780328925124
Textbook solutions

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Page 447: Analyzing Data

Exercise 1
Result
1 of 1
The translation of mRNA molecule always begins from a start codon AUG, which determines methionine. Since the codons are read three bases at a time and we don’t see the whole molecule, we don’t know from which nucleotide of the shown mRNA sequence starts the next codon. We have three possibilities, so the first codon could be AUU, UUU or UUA. Based on these sequences three different polypeptide molecules can be synthesized.
Exercise 2
Result
1 of 1
The translation of mRNA molecule always begins from a start codon AUG, which determines methionine. Since the codons are read three bases at a time and we don’t see the whole molecule, we don’t know from which nucleotide of the shown mRNA sequence starts the next codon. We have three possibilities, so the first codon could be AUU, UUU or UUA. Based on these sequences three different polypeptide molecules can be synthesized.

5′-3′
AUUUAACUGUUCUGUCUAGAG

1. $text{textcolor{#19804f}{AUU}}$$text{textcolor{#c34632}{UAA}}$CUGUUCUGUCUAGAG

$text{textcolor{#19804f}{Isoleucine}}$-$text{textcolor{#c34632}{Stop Codon}}$

2. $text{textcolor{#19804f}{UUU}}$$text{textcolor{#4257b2}{AAC}}$$text{textcolor{#19804f}{UGU}}$$text{textcolor{#4257b2}{UCU}}$$text{textcolor{#19804f}{GUC}}$$text{textcolor{#c34632}{UAG}}$AG

$text{textcolor{#19804f}{Phenylalanine}}$-$text{textcolor{#4257b2}{Asparagine}}$-$text{textcolor{#19804f}{Cystein}}$-$text{textcolor{#4257b2}{Serine}}$-$text{textcolor{#19804f}{Valine}}$-$text{textcolor{#c34632}{Stop Codon}}$

3. $text{textcolor{#19804f}{UUA}}$$text{textcolor{#4257b2}{ACU}}$$text{textcolor{#19804f}{GUU}}$$text{textcolor{#4257b2}{CUG}}$$text{textcolor{#19804f}{UCU}}$$text{textcolor{#4257b2}{AGA}}$G

$text{textcolor{#19804f}{Leucine}}$-$text{textcolor{#4257b2}{Threonine}}$-$text{textcolor{#19804f}{Valine}}$-$text{textcolor{#4257b2}{Leucine}}$-$text{textcolor{#19804f}{Serine}}$-$text{textcolor{#4257b2}{Arginine}}$

Exercise 3
Result
1 of 1
We have three possibilities for the order of amino acids in this particular example:

5′-3′
AUUUAACUGUUCUGUCUAGAG

1. $text{textcolor{#19804f}{AUU}}$$text{textcolor{#c34632}{UAA}}$CUGUUCUGUCUAGAG

$text{textcolor{#19804f}{Isoleucine}}$-$text{textcolor{#c34632}{Stop Codon}}$

2. $text{textcolor{#19804f}{UUU}}$$text{textcolor{#4257b2}{AAC}}$$text{textcolor{#19804f}{UGU}}$$text{textcolor{#4257b2}{UCU}}$$text{textcolor{#19804f}{GUC}}$$text{textcolor{#c34632}{UAG}}$AG

$text{textcolor{#19804f}{Phenylalanine}}$-$text{textcolor{#4257b2}{Asparagine}}$-$text{textcolor{#19804f}{Cystein}}$-$text{textcolor{#4257b2}{Serine}}$-$text{textcolor{#19804f}{Valine}}$$text{textcolor{#c34632}{Stop Codon}}$

3. $text{textcolor{#19804f}{UUA}}$$text{textcolor{#4257b2}{ACU}}$$text{textcolor{#19804f}{GUU}}$$text{textcolor{#4257b2}{CUG}}$$text{textcolor{#19804f}{UCU}}$$text{textcolor{#4257b2}{AGA}}$G

$text{textcolor{#19804f}{Leucine}}$-$text{textcolor{#4257b2}{Threonine}}$-$text{textcolor{#19804f}{Valine}}$-$text{textcolor{#4257b2}{Leucine}}$-$text{textcolor{#19804f}{Serine}}$$text{textcolor{#4257b2}{Arginine}}$

Since the middle of mRNA molecule is shown and the sequences that are numbered one and two contain a stop codon, we can conclude that the third sequence is the most likely to be included in the synthesis of that particular protein.

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