Darwin’s theory of evolution explains how different species have evolved from ancient organisms. He discovered fossils, which are from the remains of ancient living things, that serve as clues to what the Earth was in the past. Moreover, he also discovered that the traits of the birds and tortoises varied among the different islands in Galapágos. These pieces of evidence that he found have supported his idea that Earth and its conditions have changed over time. These changes have resulted in the evolution of physical and behavioral traits of organisms.

During Darwin’s voyage, he found out that species vary globally, locally, and over time. These variations were caused by the limited resources and environmental conditions present in the habitat of these species.

The buffalo that are native to the plains of North America and the yaks that are endemic to the grasslands of North Asia are examples of species that vary globally. They are different species that thrive in different places around the world. However, since they both live in similar habitats, they have similar features.

Here are some questions that we can ask about the history of finches:

1. What is the beak size and structure of each bird species?
2. What is the feeding behavior of each bird species?
3. What kind of environment does each species inhabit?
4. What are the similarities and differences between the bird species?
5. To which family do the finches belong?
6. Apart from the islands of Galápagos, are there other species of finches that are located in other places around the world?
7. Are there other bird species that exhibit similar characteristics with the finches?

The Anole species that are found on the same island have differences in body shape, behavior, and niche. Species that live near the ground have long back legs that enable them to run and jump quickly. This trait is helpful when escaping their predators. On the other hand, the species that live in the upper part of the tree have short legs and stickier toes, which allow them to have a stronger grasp on the branches.

This is similar to the way the structure of the tortoise in Galapagos Islands varied. They have structures that were shaped by the environment or the conditions in their habitat. Since Hood Island has sparse vegetation, the tortoise inhabiting the island has a longer neck in order to reach the vegetation. On the other hand, the tortoise living in the Isabela island, which has lush vegetation, has a shorter neck.