Miller and Levine Biology
Miller and Levine Biology
1st Edition
Joseph S. Levine, Kenneth R. Miller
ISBN: 9780328925124
Textbook solutions

All Solutions

Page 749: Review

Exercise 1
Result
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Angiosperms differ in the following ways:
a. number of seed leaves (monocots and dicots)
b. stem’s composition and strength (woody and herbaceous)
c. number of growing seasons (annuals, biennials, and perennials)
Exercise 2
Result
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Stamens are the male reproductive parts of the flower which consist of the filament and the anther. These structures produce the pollen grains, which are the male gametophytes.

On the other hand, carpels are the female reproductive structures that produce female gametophytes and seeds. These structures consist of the stigma, style, and the ovary. The carpel, together with the stigma, style, and ovary, are sometimes referred to as a whole unit, which is called pistil.

Exercise 3
Result
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Angiosperms undergo double fertilization that consists of these two events:

a. Production of a diploid zygote when sperm and egg cell combine

b. Production of a triploid cell, which later becomes endosperm, when the sperm fuses with two polar nuclei

Exercise 4
Result
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Vegetative reproduction is a process wherein flowering plants reproduce asexually through mitosis and it does not require fertilization and the help of gametes, seeds, or flowers. It results in the production of a plant’s genetically identical offspring.
Exercise 5
Result
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After a successful fertilization, the angiosperm seeds start to mature. During this process, fruits are formed when the ovary walls, which enclose the seeds, begin to thicken.
Exercise 6
Result
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Plants need the help of animals when it comes to seed dispersal. After the animals consume the fruits, the seeds are digested and eliminated from the body through their feces. On the other hand, some seeds are dispersed when they get tangled in the fur or feathers of animals.
Exercise 7
Result
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Vegetative reproduction and sexual reproduction are the two main ways in which angiosperms can populate.
However, they are different in terms of the process and the product.

In sexual reproduction, double fertilization takes place. This process requires male and female gametophytes in order to produce a zygote and an endosperm in the seed.

Unlike sexual reproduction, vegetative reproduction is a process wherein seedless plants reproduce asexually through mitosis and it does not require fertilization and the help of gametes, seeds, or flowers.

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