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Page 749: Review
a. number of seed leaves (monocots and dicots)
b. stem’s composition and strength (woody and herbaceous)
c. number of growing seasons (annuals, biennials, and perennials)
On the other hand, carpels are the female reproductive structures that produce female gametophytes and seeds. These structures consist of the stigma, style, and the ovary. The carpel, together with the stigma, style, and ovary, are sometimes referred to as a whole unit, which is called pistil.
a. Production of a diploid zygote when sperm and egg cell combine
b. Production of a triploid cell, which later becomes endosperm, when the sperm fuses with two polar nuclei
However, they are different in terms of the process and the product.
In sexual reproduction, double fertilization takes place. This process requires male and female gametophytes in order to produce a zygote and an endosperm in the seed.
Unlike sexual reproduction, vegetative reproduction is a process wherein seedless plants reproduce asexually through mitosis and it does not require fertilization and the help of gametes, seeds, or flowers.