Prokaryotes undergo mutations as one of the main ways to evolve. Mutations, which are the alterations within the DNA sequence, cause changes in all the aspects of the prokaryotic life. It allows them to develop traits that are distinct from other organisms. These traits are usually passed on to the next generation and increase the diversity among them.

C. Mutations that occur during binary fission.

Vaccines are used as an effective preventive measure against most viral diseases. It introduces a weakened strain of virus into our body in order to help the immune system to develop an immunity against it. This is an effective way to prevent the flu.

A. Get a flu vaccine every year.

Bacteria is the domain that contains prokaryotes with peptidoglycan in their cell walls. On the other hand, an Archaea is a domain of prokaryotes that do not contain peptidoglycan in its cell walls. In addition, the DNA sequences of Archaea have more similarities to the DNA of eukaryotes than the ones found in bacteria.

D. The DNA sequences of Archaea genes are more similar to eukaryotes than to bacteria.

Fungi are eukaryotes that contain chitin in their cell walls. They are not plants but they usually grow from the ground. They are classified as heterotrophs since they cannot carry out photosynthesis. In addition, they release enzymes that help digest their food in the external environment.

E. Fungi have cell walls made of chitin, a polymer that’s also found in insects.

In the older classification, protists are classified into three groups–plantlike protists, animal-like protists, and fungus-like protists. Unlike the older classification, the modern classification classifies protist as any eukaryote that is not an animal, a plant, or a fungus. For this reason, taxonomists grouped protists in a single taxonomic category, which is the Kingdom Protista.

In addition, since protists are unicellular eukaryotes, scientists are looking at a possibility that the multicellular eukaryotes, such as plants, animals, and fungi, emerged from protists. Based on the representation that was seen in the cladogram, the protists are divided into six major clades, wherein plants, animals, and fungi emerged from a protist ancestor.

E. Protists used to be classified as similar to plants, fungi, or animals, and now some are classified into other groups.