During chemical reaction, the chemical bonds between atoms are changed. They can be broken in order for atom rearrangement and formation of new bonds.

There can be two outcomes in matter of energy releasing. There are chemical reactions that release energy and they mostly occur spontaneously. But, when chemical reactions absorb energy, there is dependence of outer energy source. However, there are some chemical reactions where reaction between reactants releases so much energy that it happens spontaneously. But, their product in reversed reaction won’t have enough energy to begin with chemical reaction because it absorbs energy. So, if you want this reverse chemical reaction to happen, you’ll have to provide outer source of energy.

Enzymes are biological catalysts (accelerators of chemical reaction without possibility to be consumed by chemical process. Their role is to expedite cells chemical reactions by lowering activation energy which is vital for proper functioning of an organism.

Every enzyme has a specific name due to acceleration of specific reaction. If one enzyme would have effect on several chemical reactions, it would result with uncontrolled speeding of process that shouldn’t happen. For example if enzyme carbon anhydrase could affect other reactions in the organism, its regulation of carbon dioxide concentration in blood would be missed out and that would lead to hypercarbia, suffocation and death.

There is very significant enzyme in stomach that breaks proteins into smaller components- so called polypeptides. But, that enzyme is synthesized and secreted in inactive form-pepsinogen. Pepsinogen activation demands energy usage. Activation energy releases in the acidic matrix (pH 1-3). Thanks to stomach lining cells obtaining of acid environment is possible and pepsinogen is transferred to pepsin. Consuming of acid neutralizing antacid affects activation of pepsin by alkalizing stomach environment and reduction of hydrochloric acid secreting. Therefore, consuming of acid neutralizing antacid leads to decreasing transfer of pepsinogen to pepsin, so digestion of proteins is affected.

Human enzyme would function best on temperature of 39 degrees of Celsius because it is the closest to human’s body temperature. The optimal temperature of most enzymes is between 35 and 40 degrees of Celsius. Moderate increasing of temperature will excite molecules and the rate of collided enzymes-reactants will increase so making of product would be faster. On the other hand, excessive escalation of temperature would cause denaturation of enzymes before adequate outcome. You can do little experiment to test your theory. In small container with a lid, put a little concentration of sugar (reactant) and amylase (enzyme) which is present in saliva. Then you should put thermometer in to follow changing of temperature. Make two identical samples .On sample will be on room temperature- 25 degrees of Celsius and other will be heated till 40 degrees of Celsius. Determine the concentration of your product at each temperature. While observing heated sample, you’ll make notice that at some point (above 40 degrees) rate where substrate is converted to product is decreased because of enzyme denaturation and reaction will be stopped. Optimal temperature would be the one in which the product is being produced at the maximal rate.