A habitat is described as an area where the physical (abiotic) and biological (biotic) conditions of an environment affect the organisms living in it. The way plants and animals behave and look makes them suited to their habitats.

According to the competitive exclusion principle, when two species that are competing for the same resources, the stronger species outcompete the weaker ones. This is the reason why no two species can have the same niche in the same environment; hence, each species eat different types of food and they obtain it in different ways.

For example, bird species have different types of beaks that is suited for their niches. Nectarivorous birds have long and slender beaks which enables them to sip the nectar from flowers. On the other hand, fruit-and-nut eater birds have powerful beaks that have a sharp hook at the tip to help them peel the skin of fruits and smash the nuts.

The predator-prey and herbivore-plant relationships help keep the balance in the ecosystem. These interactions regulate or control the population size by preventing a certain population to become excessively abundant.

In predation, one organism attacks and consumes another one. This event regulates the population of the prey and reduces the consumption of plants because herbivores are usually consumed by predators. In this way, the population size of plants, which are food sources of consumers, would increase. Moreover, removing a part of these relationships or interactions can alter the balance in the ecosystem and affect the whole community.

The three types of symbiotic relationships are commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism.

a. Commensalism: This relationship is similar to a good friend helping you without asking for anything in return. This type of relationship happens when an organism is helped by another organism, but the other is not harmed.

b. Mutualism: In mutualism, both organisms depend and benefit on each other. It can be compared to a give and take relationship between individuals.

c. Parasitism is a relationship characterized by an organism that lives on another organism to get its nutrients and causes harm to the other. In other words, a parasite is a freeloader that gives nothing in return.

Owls and hawks, which are two carnivorous bird species, prey on land-dwelling animals. However, they do not occupy the same niche. Despite the fact that they feed on similar prey, these two bird species have different manners in obtaining their food. Owls are nocturnal hunters, which means that they hunt food only during the night, while hawks are diurnal hunters, which means that they are only active during the day. Because of this, they are adapted to obtain food at different times during the day; hence, there is no direct competition involved between the owls and the hawks.

Small biomes or microbiomes often have complex microclimates, which are shaped by many factors. This makes it quite difficult to model considering that different bacteria and microorganisms behave differently. The challenge is building and replicating normal conditions for these microorganisms. Scientists found out that the normal conditions for a set of microorganisms might be different for another microbe community.