Biotic and abiotic factors, which are parts of the ecosystem, are both studied in ecology as they play significant roles in describing and determining a biome. Abiotic factors, which are the nonliving components, that describe a biome, include the climate, amount of precipitation, and soil type. On the other hand, biotic factors, which are the living components, include the plant and animal life.

Aquatic ecosystems are very complex because they host a wide variety of aquatic species. Factors that define aquatic ecosystems include the water flow rate, currents, depth, salinity, amount of sunlight exposure, oxygen and nutrient levels, and temperature.

A wetland is a land surface that is covered with water all throughout the year. Marshes, bogs, and swamps are examples of a wetland. This ecosystem plays a vital part in the ecosystem and the entire biosphere as it provides habitat for diverse plant and animal species. Moreover, they protect the shore against violent ocean waves, reduce the threatening impacts of floods, and improve the quality of water.

An estuary is the transition zone between the river and the ocean. It is usually located in places where the river feeds into the ocean. It contains brackish water, which is a mixture of freshwater and saltwater.

Restoring a wetland can be very beneficial to animals, plants, and even humans. Wetlands are considered as productive ecosystems due to its numerous benefits that include supporting diverse life-forms, preventing floods, improving the water quality by filtering pollutants and providing a source of livelihood for people that live near the area. When you come to think of it, wetland restoration can help lessen the problems that we are facing due to the effects of global warming and depletion of natural resources.

I agree with the author. The terms shrubland and scrubland are often used interchangeably. However, the term shrubland is better for referring to a plant community that is dominated by “shrubs,” which are small-sized woody plants that usually grow under 6 meters tall. Shrubs are more distinguished plant group when compared to scrubs due to their specific structural characteristics. Moreover, it is more suitable to be used when referring to a biome plant community that dominates a semi-arid to an arid climate that is less optimal for trees to grow.