History Of Reverse Logistics Business Essay Example

Face Wash, Body Wash , Bath Wash Gel ,Face & Body wash With Active Beads ,Face Scrub (Apricot,Walnut,Cucumber Strawberry) ,Body scrub (Apricot,Walnut,Cucumber Strawberry),Cleansing Lotion.

These products can contain Herbal actives or Chemical actives or a combination of both. They come in different sizes ranging from 50gm to 100kg and serve as natural ingredients for other companies. All merchandises within this group share common BASIC INGREDIENTS while differing in their ACTIVE INGREDIENTS. BASIC INGREDIENTS serve as the base components found in all mentioned products whereas ACTIVE INGREDIENTS vary between each merchandise.Each product contains unique active ingredients that set them apart from others. The Pimple Care Face Wash, for example, includes Aqua, SLES, CAPB, Carbomer, Active Globules of Vit.E & Tea Tree Oil, Aloe Vera, Perfume, Salicylic Acid, D-Panthenol, Triclosan, and Allantoin among its various ingredients. It also has basic components like Active Globules of Vitamin E, Aloe Vera , D-Panthenol , Allontoin , SLES , CAPB , Carbomer , Perfume and Aqua. Additionally,T he face wash incorporates active substances such as Tea tree oil,Sa licylic acid and triclosan.The company's main focus is on producing high-quality products using well-designed hygienic machinery in an eco-friendly work environment. They have the necessary expertise and machinery technicians to meet international quality standards. They specialize in Private Label Manufacturing and Private Labelling. All products manufactured by Zymo have been approved by the FDA of Gujarat India.Samples from each production batch are rigorously tested at their advanced research lab on the day of production as well as regularly thereafter.The company sources raw materials from leading suppliers both domestically and internationally.Regular quality checks are conducted promptly for raw material inventory.Founder's Profile: Mr. Bharat Patel,

a Chemistry Graduate, oversees product development, manufacturing processes, and human resource management. Managing the production line is Mr. Vikram Patel. Research and development, product development, and quality control are handled by Mr. Ankit Patel, a Pharmacy Graduate. Mr. Chaitanya Patel, a Commerce Graduate, takes care of purchasing packing materials as well as finance, accounting, and legal affairs. Lastly, Mr. Tarak Patel manages marketing and sales activities alongside being a Business Administration Graduate and Electrical & Communication Engineer.

Chapter 3: LITERATURE REVIEW OF SCM

In the traditional perspective of supply chain management (SCM), the process involves developing a product for manufacturing and delivering it through the manufacturer-distributor-wholesaler-retailer chain.
However,in modern SCM environments,service and product recovery have become essential components that encompass handling products,
components,and materials during the recovery process (RevLog 1998).Reverse logistics is driven by various forces such as competition
and marketing motivations,economic incentives,and environmental concerns.The term 'supply chain' was first used by Banbury in
the mid-70s to describe the transmission of electricity to consumers.The relevance of 'supply chain management' was not recognized until the 1980s when Oliver and Webber discussed its potential benefits in integrating business functions such as procurement, manufacturing, sales, and distribution into a cohesive framework. Supply chain management was defined by Stevens (1989) as the integration of business functions involving the flow of materials and information from inbound to outbound ends of the business. Harland (1996) added that supplier relationships are also becoming an integral part of the supply chain process. The text explains how organizations establish contracts with each other to create a supply chain model, allowing them to choose between vertical integration or partnering with other entities to market their products. In the 1970s, material requirements

planning (MRP) was developed to analyze the impact of large work-in-progress inventories on manufacturing costs, quality control, product development, and delivery lead-time. With intense global competition in the 1980s, world-class organizations aimed for low-cost, high-quality products with greater design flexibility. Manufacturers implemented programs like Just-In-Time (JIT) to improve efficiency and cycle time. As supply chain management expanded in the 1990s, it began incorporating strategic suppliers and logistics function for managing corporate resources. Many manufacturers and retailers now adopt SCM to enhance efficiency and effectiveness across their entire supply chain.The history of reverse logistics can be attributed to various events. According to Walden (2005), General William T. Sherman recognized the importance of supply and mobility during the American Civil War. Similarly, Montgomery Ward's customer service policy in 1872 allowed customers to return items for a full refund, impacting retail returns today. The shortage of car parts during World War II led to the growth of the remanufacturing industry valued at $36 billion, focusing on replacement starting motors and alternators (Rogers and Tibben-Lembke, 1999). The Tylenol scare in 1984 prompted Johnson & Johnson and McNeil Laboratories to remove tainted products from shelves promptly and introduce tamper-proof bottles, setting a new standard for reverse logistics. Germany's recycling regulations in the early 1990s introduced mandatory plans, penalties for violations, stricter guidelines for handling hazardous materials, and responsibilities associated with retrieving hazardous wastes. In 1996, following Germany's lead, the United Kingdom implemented a law holding shippers and manufacturers responsible for returning and recycling packaging materials.The European Union set a target in 2001 to recover or recycle between 50-65% of packaging waste. Compliance with these regulations is crucial for conducting business

with the EU. In Kuwait, there is a 40-hectare area where items are awaiting return to the US, as reported in Jane's Defense Weekly in August 2003. Some of these materials were never opened and are still usable. To prepare for Operation Iraqi Freedom, the US Military transported a massive amount of supplies equivalent to approximately 150 Walmart Supercenters to Kuwait. Handling such a large volume requires a reverse logistics system. Reverse logistics gained attention in recent years after receiving little recognition in the business world before that. The Council of Logistics Management conducted two studies on reverse logistics during the early 1990s. J.R. Stock authored the first study in 1998, which focused on establishing and operating reverse logistics plans while exploring its potential benefits. On the other hand, Rogers & Tibben-Lembke published a comprehensive study in 1999 that compiled diverse data on reverse logistics business statistics organized by industry types.