Chapter 8- A.P History Midterm Review Essay Example

practice their own rituals in secret. French Jesuits also tried to convert Indians in Canada. Tried to impress the Indians, so they would convert. Protestant English were not successful in attracting Indians- little allure for the Indians E. After the first Hundred Years: Conflict and War Violence between Indians and Europeans erupted in all 3 North American empires: King Phillip’s War in New England Bacon’s Rebellion in Virginia Pueblo Revolt in New Mexico Beaver Wars in New France

King Philip’s War Indians: Wampanoags Metacom: called King Philip by the English, led the Wampanoags in war to try to preserve their independence War started when English hanged 3 Natives (they supposedly killed an Indian Christian); and the colonists killed an Indian they found looting in an abandoned house Natives got within 20 miles of Boston, but they were plagued by disease and famine Philip died in an ambush in August 1676, and the war ended soon after Casualties: 3,000 colonists; 1,000 colonists Natives that remained were sold into slavery

Philip’s head was mounted on a stake and left outside Plymouth as a warning not to resist colonial expansion Bacon’s Rebellion Established planters owned all the good land New settlers wanted land so they attacked the neighboring Susquehannocks The Natives responded back so they went to war Governor Berkeley ordered Bacon and his men to stop fighting, but the colonists turned on the government It became a war of settlers against colonial authority The settlers captured Jamestown, but all they wanted was to exterminate the Indians.

They turned their aggression towards the Indians and massacred them By the time troops arrived from England to put down the rebellion, Bacon dies

and most of his men drifted home Powhatans lost much of their land and people, they were devastated Pueblo Revolt 20,000 Pueblos were ruled by 2,500 Spanish Spaniards tried to eliminate the Pueblo Indians religion Spaniards arrested 47 native religious leaders Pope: Pueblo leader Pueblos attacked the settlers All surviving Spaniards fled to New Mexico 13 years later, the Spanish came back, but did not want to fight with them; they did not question their religion.

Beaver Wars between French and Iroquois for land, control beavers Iroquois remained neutral among French and British affairs II. Africans and Europeans Over 12 million Africans had arrived in America; ended in 1888 A. Labor Needs and Turn to Slavery Land was cheap, but labor was expensive(opposite in Europe) Why would people want to work on someone else’s land when they could have their own land? High cost of labor led to slavery. Europeans encouraged Indians to make war among themselves in order to get more slaves Indian slaves were disease prone and knew the land, so they could escape; turned to Africans B.

The Shock of Enslavement Africans themselves provided slaves, fought with each other so their own people would not have to go Classes diminished because everyone could become a slave Middle Passage: 6 to 8 month journey to the Americas Triangle Trade- Europe sent rum and guns to Africa, Africa sent slaves to the New World, and the New World provided Europe with raw materials and rum 5% to 20% of slaves perished from disease on the voyage. C. African Slaves in the New World Slavery did not become widespread in English colonies Why slaves were used

White indentured

servants became harder to find, fewer people immigrated to the New World African slaves became more accessible Slaves were also a better long term investment: got both men and women: self-reproducing labor force Slaves grew rapidly because it answered the needs of planters Northern slaves were not as abundant as southern slaves. Slaves often found in cities, especially ports. Urban slaves worked as domestic servants and artisans Anthony Johnson- a Virginian slave that bought his freedom He belonged to the first generation of slaves

Free black slaves did not have rights and were not wanted in slave communities (they would provoke other slaves to try to be free) New laws were formed concerning slaves: Slave Codes Owners had the right to kill their slaves Slavery was defined as life-long and was inherited Slaves could not testify against white people in court D. African American Families and Communities Development of Slave Societies Because of different languages and cultures, the formation of African American communities was delayed into the 18th century In north, slaves lived alone

Byrd represented a large fraction of American Colonists that were intent upon becoming living counterparts to their ancestors who had lived in England. Though Byrd read many descriptions of the typical life of an Englishmen, his representation was still not up to par with actually living life in England. ? Mercantilism? As England, Holland, and France competed for economic dominance, England decided to improve its competitive position by adopting mercantilism. Their goal was to achieve a favorable balance of trade within the empire by exporting more goods than they imported.