The Management And Leadership Commerce Essay Example

colleagues straight whereas another director can hold supervisors for the right way of the members of the organisation or the squad.

What is Management?

Management is a term that is widely used and applies to various organizations, such as businesses, political groups, and cultural institutions. According to Harold Koontz, an advisor to major American businesses, management can be defined as the art of achieving objectives through the collective effort of individuals within formalized groups. This involves establishing an environment that fosters collaboration and teamwork in order to reach group goals. F.W.

According to Taylor, management involves understanding what needs to be done, when it should be done, and ensuring it is done in the most efficient and cost-effective manner. It is a deliberate activity carried out by individuals to achieve organizational goals and objectives. There are different categories of management including process management, activity management, discipline management, group management, science management, art management, and profession management.

• Process Management
• Activity Management
• Discipline Management
• Group Management
• Science Management
• Art Management
• Profession Management

The Effective Skills of a Director:

In accordance with the previous discussion on this topic, some directors possess natural qualities while others acquire them through facing challenges.In both situations,, there are specific qualities and skills that a director must have.;Jan Gordon emphasizes the importance of creativity in distinguishing an effective director from an ordinary one.

Creativity is an essential quality for managers as it can capture attention and facilitate efficient organization progress. Regardless of the nature of work, constraints and guidelines must always be adhered to. A skilled manager effectively operates within these parameters while maintaining structure. They demonstrate keen insight and intuition in perceiving what others may not. Additionally, possessing knowledge is crucial for a successful manager.

Understanding

the organization, structure, processes, coworkers, team members, and management styles is essential for a successful director. Although there may be overwhelming workloads and challenging relationships to manage, a committed director can overcome these obstacles. An effective manager should be adaptable and flexible in their approach while also being considerate of their employees and team. It is crucial for directors not to be naive or easily fooled. They must prioritize organizational goals, demonstrate discipline, and take appropriate disciplinary measures regardless of the severity of the issue.

Examples of Effective Directors:

These qualities greatly aid directors in efficiently carrying out their responsibilities.

The question is: how can a director acquire these qualities and what process and circumstances must they go through? Are leaders born with these qualities? Well, answering these questions can be difficult, but there are examples that can help address them. In 2010, Glen Stansberry wrote an article describing some of the top business directors and the factors that led to their success. After the 9/11 attacks, the United States airline industry experienced a significant decline, leading each airline to reduce their workforce. Despite this challenging situation, James Parker, CEO of Southwest Airlines, remained composed and made courageous decisions.

After three years of the 9/11 incident, James Parker, the director of Southwest Airlines, announced that the company would retain all its employees and distribute a profit sharing of $180 million among them. This decision by Parker showcased his courageous leadership skills and made him a respected manager. Another example of leadership was demonstrated by Jim Lentz, the CEO of Toyota, when their vehicles faced a reputation-damaging crisis. Instead of hiding or evading questions, Lentz actively participated in a Digg

Dialogg session and answered as many unfiltered questions as possible.

In this manner, Jim Sinegal, the Chief Executive Officer of Costco, managed to protect his company's reputation and avoid further damage. Unlike other CEOs who spend millions on office decorations, Jim maintains a simple office. While other CEOs receive hefty salaries, Jim earns a modest annual wage of $35,000.

Jim Sinegal, a cat with an ordinary background, has become an exemplary CEO. IBM, renowned for its cutting-edge computers, had previously discouraged blogging. However, the CEO of IBM encouraged employees to blog and share their perspectives. The result is impressive - IBM's technological blogs are now highly trusted. The CEO of IBM's decision demonstrates a notable level of creativity.

From the illustrations provided, it is evident that directors are more than just individuals. Their greatness and success stem from various factors including their ability to handle challenging circumstances, their passion, commitment, innovation, leadership abilities, camaraderie with employees, knowledge of situations, and loyalty to their organizations.

Understanding Leadership

Leadership can be defined as the capacity to exert influence on people by utilizing personal qualities, understanding of situations, and behavior in order to accomplish organizational goals that are shared. This entails accomplishing tasks through people.

Leadership is the essence of followership. It can also be defined as the willingness of individuals to follow, which ultimately results in someone becoming a leader. Leadership is a critical aspect of management. There are various ways in which leadership can be attained: a manager possesses authority and can lead their subordinates, some leaders are elected or chosen, and others emerge as leaders due to popular demand and their qualities.

What is Motivation?

Motivation encompasses the effort, energy, and enthusiasm that

an individual is willing to dedicate to their work. It is what propels us into action. Motivation is a process that encourages individuals to perform actions with the aim of achieving desired goals.

There are many motivators that can drive individuals, such as desire, success, recognition, job satisfaction, and working in a team.

Theories of Leadership:

There are various theories of leadership that exist. Each theory has an individualistic perspective on leaders. Some of these theories are explained below:

Great Men Theory:

The Great Men Theory suggests that leadership is an inherent quality and that great leaders are born, not made. According to this theory, great leaders have a natural destiny to lead.

The Trait Theories of Leadership:

The trait theory evolved from the "Great Men" theory as an attempt to identify the qualities of successful leaders. These qualities may include assertive behavior, intelligence, intuition, power drive, interpersonal skills, creativity, self-confidence ability to navigate complex situations and administrative skills.

Encapsulating all of these characteristics in a single study is an immense undertaking, but certain traits are commonly observed in most leaders.

Theory of Style:

A leader must always remember to guide by inspiring their followers and consistently seeking their input on decisions. Failing to do so can diminish the leader's worth and lead followers to believe that their leader is unworthy of their position. However, different leaders possess different leadership styles that can impact the effectiveness, efficiency, and motivation of their followers.

Douglas McGregor: Theory X and Theory Y

Based on Douglas McGregor's book "The Human Side of the Enterprise" (1960), leaders adapt their leadership approach according to theories regarding how their subordinates and followers will behave.

Theory Ten:

Generally, individuals have an inherent aversion towards assigned work tasks.

Due

to this conduct, humans can face punishment, threats, control, and guidance to maximize their effort in order to assist in accomplishing organizational objectives. Humans require leadership to evade accountability.

Theory Y:

The exertion of work, whether physical or mental, is comparable to engaging in leisure activities and taking breaks. The typical individual does not have an aversion towards work and can perceive it as either a penalty or as gratification.

The Contingency Theory posits that workers' autonomy and self-denial can yield greater advantages compared to having extensive control. This theory asserts that a leader's capacity to lead and influence their followers is contingent upon specific circumstances, which will differ across situations. These circumstances encompass the leader's personality, leadership style, the nature of the task at hand, and the work conditions.

Contrarily, Behavioral Theories propose that exceptional leaders are developed rather than possessing inherent leadership qualities from birth.

This theory explains the actions and behavior of a leader in various situations, rather than focusing on their mental qualities or internal states. It suggests that people can learn to become leaders and do not necessarily have to be born with these qualities.

Participative Theories:

This theory states that the best leader is someone who values and acknowledges the input provided by others, including their followers. The leader encourages and commends the efforts made by group members in order to achieve the organizational goals and objectives.

Management Theories:

These theories, also called transactional theories, focus on supervising, organizing, and group performances. They are based on providing rewards and penalties. Commonly applied in business organizations, employees are rewarded for their positive contributions to the organization and face penalties if they cause losses.

Relationship Theories:

These theories are also referred to as Transformational Theories.

These theories revolve around the relationship between leaders and their subordinates. They inspire subordinates to recognize the importance of motivated task completion. Leaders focus on team performance while also considering individual performances and whether individuals have fulfilled their duties to the best of their ability.

What defines a Leader?

Different leaders must adapt to different situations, but there are common qualities and skills that define a good leader:

Emotional Intelligence:

Emotional Intelligence, which was introduced by Daniel Goleman in 1995, is a crucial quality for leaders. It involves understanding, controlling, and evaluating emotions.

The concept of emotional intelligence, as explained by experts, indicates that it can be obtained or enhanced. In 1990, Peter Salovey and John D. Mayer provided a definition for emotional intelligence as a form of social intelligence that involves comprehending and managing both one's own emotions and the emotions of others. This understanding is then utilized to guide thoughts and actions. Emotional intelligence is categorized into four areas: perceiving emotions, reasoning with emotions, understanding emotions, and managing emotions.

• Perceiving Emotions
• Reasoning with Emotions
• Understanding Emotions
• Managing Emotions

Communication:

Nitin Nohria, a professor at HBS, argues that communication plays a vital role in leadership. He suggests that exceptional leaders possess the ability to effectively employ rhetorical techniques.

According to Aristotle, we can influence people through emotional appeals and appeals to their values. However, effective leaders invest time in communication. Nohria argues that leaders can effectively convey any message, no matter how complex. Joe Badaracco, a professor of Business Ethics at Harvard Business School, emphasizes the importance of simplicity in communication. A great leader can explain intricate concepts in just

a few concise sentences.

To effectively communicate, it is crucial to understand your audience. Good leaders acknowledge the importance of their audience and use this understanding to communicate more effectively. Joe Badaracco emphasizes that being a good leader involves not only being a skilled communicator but also being an attentive listener who grasps the message conveyed by the audience. Leaders must be capable of conveying challenging realities and truths to their subordinates.

According to Jeff Bezos, the CEO and founder of Amazon.com, effective leadership requires the skill of communicating difficult truths and realities. These examples all demonstrate improved communication.

Dealing with change:

Outstanding leaders have the ability to navigate changes within their organization, subsidiaries, team members, or any other area. They understand and value the significance of change and embrace a common vision for desired results. Empowerment is also crucial in effectively managing the process of change. Successfully handling change can turn ordinary individuals into exceptional and successful leaders.

"People often resist change for reasons that make sense to them, even if those reasons don't align with organizational goals. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge, reward, and celebrate achievements." (Kanter)

Cognition:

In the modern era where technology is constantly advancing, knowledge is the key to success and a fundamental aspect of effective leadership. The more information and understanding one possesses, the better they will perform. A great and effective leader must have knowledge about every aspect they are involved in. Joe Badaracco asserts that in the past, leaders had to rely on their subordinates to gather and implement knowledge, but nowadays leaders must be knowledgeable enough to handle various situations proficiently.

Creativity:

One of the key elements and qualities

of a great and effective leader in the changing world is creativity. It sets apart a leader from a truly exceptional one. A leader's creativity can bring significant advantages to the business organization. The CEO of IBM computers, for example, demonstrated remarkable creativity which greatly benefited the company and garnered widespread recognition through their blogs.

Motivation and Teamwork:

Motivation, as previously mentioned, is a crucial quality for keeping the entire team engaged and is a must-have characteristic for any leader.

The leader must be able to work with the squad besides and acquire the squad running and working on the ends of the concern organisation. Team work is a truly of import belongings because working entirely is really easy as you will cognize the benefits that you will acquire if you will work good whereas working in a squad as a leader is really tough because the error of an person can do the whole squad to endure the effects.

Difference between Leadership and Management:

Qualities and accomplishments of an effectual leader and director are discussed, now I will advert what is the difference between leading and direction. Leadership is about puting a new way and vision for the group of people whom the leader is taking that means the leader is the spearhead for the new way whereas direction controls or directs people or resources in a group of people harmonizing to the rules of values that have already been established. Management is about planning, forming, co-ordinating and implementing the schemes and tactics and policies imposed from the top in a rational and waterfall mode. Leadership is more about opening new Windowss, motive, squad

work and taking the followings and subsidiaries in to a specific organisational way whereas direction is more about the disposal.

Decision:

Overall, it is evident, considering all the evidence and examples provided, that the points made in Morgan's Citation are valid. The scenarios presented are indeed true, as there are instances where individuals are naturally born leaders and others where they acquire the necessary skills and qualities through various circumstances. The report outlines specific qualities and skills that distinguish effective leaders and managers from others. When individuals go through challenging situations and scenarios, it enables them to enhance their skills and qualities.

Experience is the key to learning how to react in various situations. Working in challenging environments with different individuals helps shape one's personality as a capable leader and manager. Just like a newborn baby cannot manage or lead others, going through difficult circumstances allows for personal growth and development as an effective leader and manager. Understanding each situation deeply fosters creativity and the necessary qualities to lead and manage a group or organization. Leaders and managers like James Parker, Jim Lentz, Jim Sinegal, and Bill Gates are prime examples of individuals who faced incredibly difficult situations on their path to becoming successful leaders and effective managers.

Experiencing close brushes, difficult fought state of affairs, challenging conditions, and hopeless scenarios have the power to transform an ordinary leader and manager into a great leader and highly effective manager. In conclusion, I recommend that the organizational trainings for personnel must be rigorous so that they can shine and reflect during times of crisis. They should be assigned responsibilities and exposed to real-life challenging situations

to enhance their skills and develop them into exceptional leaders and managers. Through our study of People Leadership and Management, our understanding and perspective on leadership and management have been significantly enhanced.

Obtaining knowledge about the qualities and accomplishments of a successful leader and director teaches us that difficult and challenging situations bring out the best in us and help shape our leadership skills and personality.