What is a disadvantage of dividing world history into three parts: ancient, medieval, and modern?

It does not match the major turning points in regions outside Europe. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/social-studies-teach-tci-lesson-1-reading-challange/

What is the major contributions of the Byzantine Empire to World History?

Byzantine law and governance, Justinian’s code, and the Renaissance More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/byzantine-empire-and-kiev-russia-2-1030/

In what way was the nineteenth-century European notion of empire distinctive from earlier empires in world history?

It included much greater penetration into the daily lives of subject peoples. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/learning-curve-ch-18/

CHS World History ”Roman Gods Family Tree”(web) This picture shows the Protogenoi Family Tree of the Roman Gods and their ancestors(summary)

Chsworldhistory ”Roman Gods Family Tree” Chart www.chsworldhistory.webs.com . 2010. 2 May 2013 More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/the-origins-and-evolutions-of-greek-mythologyresearch-paper-sources/

What two nations began a maritime revolution that profoundly altered the course of world history?

The Portuguese and Spanish More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/ap-world-history-ch-15/

In what way were the European empires in the nineteenth century distinctive from earlier empires in world history?

Nineteenth-century European empires were able to penetrate more deeply into the daily lives of colonial subjects. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/history-101-chapter-18/

Which of these topics is included in the ”Western heritage” model of world history?

ancient Greek democracy More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/social-studies-teach-tci-lesson-1-reading-challange/

Which statement offers the best rationale for studying world history?

World history examines how past generations have surmounted challenges and offers insights for future courses of action. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/human-transformations-unit-1/

Which of the following is NOT an example of a commonly, used basis for teacher reflection? Ms. Engle’s analysis of the day’s lesson plan after school, The school principal’s notes from observing Mr. Thompson’s Algebra II Class, Mrs. Darcy reviewing a videotape of herself teaching a lesson on grammar, Mr. Kingsley taking his World History students on a field trip to the Classics Museum.

Mr. Kingsley taking his World History students on a field trip to the Classics Museum. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/doc1-chapter-1/

Practicing AP Historical Thinking: How do you understand the significance of the long Paleolithic era in the larger context of world history? (Page 25)

The large significance of the Paleolithic Era in the larger context of world history is established by human migration and settling of the Earth. Humans spent 96% of their time on Earth during the Paleolithic Era. During this time, our species accomplished both agriculture and domestication, also, the first settled societies were created in this time period. Many new technological innovations such as canoes, oars, stone tools and weapons, bone needles, wooden handles, and pottery were created during this era as well. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/whap-guided-reading-and-big-picture-questions/

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Daily Life English/Language Arts 3 (11Th Grade) World History

HEMINGWAY’S WORLD WAR I – Flashcards 10 terms

Lesly Lloyd

10 terms

Preview

HEMINGWAY’S WORLD WAR I – Flashcards

question

Read the excerpt from Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms. "It could not be worse," Passini said respectfully. "There is nothing worse than war." "Defeat is worse." "I do not believe it," Passini said still respectfully. "What is defeat? You go home." "They come after you. They take your home. They take your sisters." The use of informal diction in A Farewell to Arms robs the passage of having a deeper meaning. helps to maintain the realism of the dialogue. lends an air of absurdity to the dialogue. reduces the readability of the passage.

answer

helps to maintain the realism of the dialogue.

question

Read the excerpt from A Farewell to Arms. The major asked me to have a drink with him and two other officers. We drank rum and it was very friendly. Outside it was getting dark. I asked what time the attack was to be and they said as soon as it was dark. I went back to the drivers. They were sitting in the dugout talking and when I came in they stopped. I gave them each a package of cigarettes, Macedonias, loosely packed cigarettes that spilled tobacco and needed to have the ends twisted before you smoked them. Manera lit his lighter and passed it around. The lighter was shaped like a Fiat radiator. I told them what I had heard. In the passage, Hemingway's characterization of the narrator and his peers provides important details about their backgrounds. allows the reader to fill in the details without being given all of the information. slows down the narrative to allow the reader to reflect on the meaning. develops only one character at a time to not overwhelm the reader.

answer

allows the reader to fill in the details without being given all of the information.

question

Read the excerpt from Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms. "I believe we should get the war over," I said. "It would not finish it if one side stopped fighting. It would only be worse if we stopped fighting." "It could not be worse," Passini said respectfully. "There is nothing worse than war." "Defeat is worse." "I do not believe it," Passini said still respectfully. "What is defeat? You go home." "They come after you. They take your home. They take your sisters." "I don't believe it," Passini said. "They can't do that to everybody. Let everybody defend his home. Let them keep their sisters in the house." "They hang you. They come and make you be a soldier again. Not in the auto-ambulance, in the infantry." What does Hemingway's indirect characterization of the narrator reveal? The narrator agrees with Passini, although he does not admit this. The narrator recognizes that war is cruel, unjust, and inescapable. The narrator has little patience for opposing reasoning. The narrator tends to patronize those who disagree with him.

answer

The narrator recognizes that war is cruel, unjust, and inescapable.

question

Read the excerpt from Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms. "Tenente," Passini said. "We understand you let us talk. Listen. There is nothing as bad as war. We in the auto-ambulance cannot even realize at all how bad it is. When people realize how bad it is they cannot do anything to stop it because they go crazy. There are some people who never realize. There are people who are afraid of their officers. It is with them the war is made." In typical Hemingway style, the excerpt contains a number of abstract nouns and many adjectives. contains a large amount of punctuation and few adjectives and adverbs. contains many strong nouns and adjectives but few verbs and adverbs. contains few adjectives and adverbs but many strong verbs and concrete nouns.

answer

contains few adjectives and adverbs but many strong verbs and concrete nouns.

question

Read the excerpt from Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms. The major was a little man with upturned mustaches. He had been in the war in Libya and wore two wound-stripes. He said that if the thing went well he would see that I was decorated. I said I hoped it would go well but that he was too kind. I asked him if there was a big dugout where the drivers could stay and he sent a soldier to show me. I went with him and found the dugout, which was very good. The drivers were pleased with it and I left them there. What effect does Hemingway's limited use of adjectives have? It slows down the narration by interrupting the action. It makes the few descriptive words he does use more vivid and forceful. It makes the narrator seem powerless and insincere. It prevents the readers from filling in the details with their own experiences.

answer

It makes the few descriptive words he does use more vivid and forceful.

question

Read the excerpt from Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms. "They come after you. They take your home. They take your sisters." "I don't believe it," Passini said. "They can't do that to everybody. Let everybody defend his home. Let them keep their sisters in the house." "They hang you. They come and make you be a soldier again. Not in the auto-ambulance, in the infantry." The use of simple and vigorous words in A Farewell to Arms reflects the harsh and powerful reality of war. the reality of life during the early 1900s. the plain and boring nature of battle. the difficulties of Hemingway's life

answer

the harsh and powerful reality of war.

question

Based on A Farewell to Arms, how does Hemingway create realistic dialogue for his characters? The characters give long, winding speeches to express their views. The characters use simple words and speak in short, clear sentences. The characters reference vague ideas and use difficult language. The characters integrate needless conjunctions to join sentences.

answer

The characters use simple words and speak in short, clear sentences.

question

Read the excerpt from Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms. We parked the cars beyond the brickyard. The ovens and some deep holes had been equipped as dressing stations. There were three doctors that I knew. I talked with the major and learned that when it should start and our cars should be loaded we would drive them back along the screened road and up to the main road along the ridge where there would be a post and other cars to clear them. Which best describes Hemingway's style of writing in the excerpt? straightforward and simple, while still relating a lot of information to the reader long-winded and offering far too much information to the reader overly complicated, making it difficult to interpret and understand the text effortless and uncomplicated, with little meaning for the reader to interpret

answer

straightforward and simple, while still relating a lot of information to the reader

question

Read the excerpt from Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms. I talked with the major and learned that when it should start and our cars should be loaded we would drive them back along the screened road and up to the main road along the ridge where there would be a post and other cars to clear them. What effect does the style of this long sentence achieve? The long-winded rant paints an image of a narrator who is less than stable. The style reflects the mundane actions and events of daily life in a war zone. The choice of simple words adds realism by mimicking the way people speak in real life. The uninterrupted action mirrors how the orders will be carried out when the time comes.

answer

The uninterrupted action mirrors how the orders will be carried out when the time comes.

question

Read the excerpt from Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms. The major was a little man with upturned mustaches. He had been in the war in Libya and wore two wound-stripes. He said that if the thing went well he would see that I was decorated. I said I hoped it would go well but that he was too kind. I asked him if there was a big dugout where the drivers could stay and he sent a soldier to show me. I went with him and found the dugout, which was very good. The drivers were pleased with it and I left them there. In the excerpt, what does the diction, or words used to express an idea, show about the narrator? It makes the narrator seem disorganized. It makes the narrator seem disciplined. It makes the narrator seem confused. It makes the narrator seem lively.

answer

It makes the narrator seem disciplined.

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English 2 English/Language Arts 3 (11Th Grade) Run For Office World History

Nonfiction: From A Room of One`s Own by Virginia Woolf – Flashcards 14 terms

Maisie Clarke

14 terms

Preview

Nonfiction: From A Room of One`s Own by Virginia Woolf – Flashcards

question

Text-to-self connections are made when the reader connects something in the text to __________. (C) A.Something that happened in history B.Something that happened in another text C.Something the reader has experienced D.Something the reader has watched or read

answer

C.Something the reader has experienced

question

What is women's suffrage? (B) A.The belief that women and men should be able to behave according to the roles given to them B.The act of giving women the right to vote and run for office C.The right that women have to exist in the "private sphere" of life D.The right that women have to avoid the "public sphere"

answer

B.The act of giving women the right to vote and run for office

question

Which war began the Modern Era? (NOT C) A.World War I B.The American Civil War C.World War II D.The Chinese Civil War

answer

(NOT C)

question

What were gender realities like for the working class and poor in the Victorian Era? (A) A.The husband, wife, and sometimes children had to work. B.Men were always the breadwinners and the head of the household. C.Women existed only in the "private sphere." D.Both men and women were models of religious moral values.

answer

A.The husband, wife, and sometimes children had to work.

question

Which statement describes Victorian gender expectations for women best? (C) A.The Victorian woman was the head of the household. B.The Victorian woman moved freely in the "public sphere." C.The Victorian woman existed mostly in the "private sphere." D.The Victorian woman was the breadwinner for the family.

answer

C.The Victorian woman existed mostly in the "private sphere."

question

The Edwardian Era is known for its __________. (NOT B) A.Conformity, decorum, and etiquette B.Social reform C.Rejection of traditional values D.Technological advances

answer

(NOT B)

question

The Victorian Era spanned the rule of __________. (A) A.Queen Victoria B.Victoria, Princess of Wales C.Charlotte Victoria D.Empress Victoria

answer

A.Queen Victoria

question

Which statement describes Victorian gender expectations for men best? (NOT D) A.The Victorian man existed mostly in the "private sphere." B.The Victorian man moved freely in the "public sphere." C.The Victorian man was the model of religious values. D.The Victorian man was the model of morality.

answer

(NOT D)

question

[I]t would have been impossible, completely and entirely, for any woman to have written the plays of Shakespeare in the age of Shakespeare. Let me imagine, since the facts are so hard to come by, what would have happened had Shakespeare had a wonderfully gifted sister, called Judith, let us say. Why does Woolf imagine the story of this gifted woman rather than writing a true story? (NOT C or A) A.Woolf wanted the story to be more entertaining than what actually happened to Shakespeare's sister. B.Gifted women poets in the Elizabethan Era were not given the chance to be successful and remembered. C.Woolf doesn't want to reveal the real name of the woman she's writing about. D.Women poets in the Elizabethan Era have often been written about.

answer

(NOT C or A)

question

The Victorian Era is known for its __________. (D) A.Inequality and social change B.Social reform and rejection of social values C.Technological advances D.Conformity, decorum, and etiquette

answer

D.Conformity, decorum, and etiquette

question

What type of connections can readers make to texts? (D) I. text-to-self II. text-to-test III. text-to-text A.I, II, and III B.I and II only C.II only D.I and III only

answer

D.I and III only

question

What describes Woolf's purpose in writing A Room of One's Own best? (NOT A) A.To explore B.To inform or teach C.To entertain D.To persuade

answer

(NOT A)

question

The Edwardian Era spans the rule of __________. (C) A.Empress Edward VI B.King Edward the VIII C.King Edward the VII D.Edward the Modern

answer

C.King Edward the VII

question

The Victorian Era is known as an age of __________. (NOT D) A.Technological advances B.Prosperity C.Social reform D.Feminist ideals

answer

(NOT D)

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Ancient History Ancient Near East Language And Customs Old Stone Age Tigris And Euphrates Rivers World History

Ancient Mesopotamia – Flashcards 74 terms

Alexander Barker

74 terms

Preview

Ancient Mesopotamia – Flashcards

question

Sumerians

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where recorded history began; ____ invented writing

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Sumer

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name of area these peoples settled; mainly farming

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Ur; Uruk

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two city-states formed when villages grew; each had a different ruler and worshiped a different god/goddess

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Sargon

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leader of this invasion; conquered Sumerian city-states; he is credited with unifying his people into the world's first empire; see last part "The Women" concerning his daughter

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Babylonians

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captured the Mesopotamians; established the capital city of ______ on the Euphrates River; spoke Akkadian

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King Hammurabi

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ruled at the peak of the Babylonian empire

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Code of Hammurabi

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first set of laws

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Assyrians

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ruthless, war-like people from the North; expanded their empire to Egypt and Turkey

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Nineveh

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capital of Assyria; known as a center of learning

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King Ashurbanipal

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was the ruler of ancient Assyria at the height of Assyrian military and cultural accomplishments

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Sardanapal

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King Ashurbanipal is known in Greek writings as _____

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Asnappeer; Osnapper

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King Ashurbanipal is known as ____ or ____ in the Bible.

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Library; Nineveh

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However, of far greater importance to posterity was Ashurbanipal's establishment of a great _____ in the city of ______

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British Museum; Iraq Department

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Most of it is now in the possession of the ____ or the _____ of Antiquities

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Subject matter

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Like a modern library, this collection was spread out into many rooms according to ______

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Europe

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The actual cataloging activities under Ashurbanipal's direction would not be seen in _____ for centuries

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Scribes

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Partially through military conquests and partially through the employment of numerous _____

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Collection development

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Scribes were significant effort placed into what modern librarians would call _____

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Neo-Babylonians

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group that destroyed Nineveh

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Remaining Jews

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Second Babylonian empire; enslaved the _____ of Palestine

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Cuneiform

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the word means "wedge-shaped"

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"wedge-shaped"

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what does the word Cuneiform mean?

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Cuneiform

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needed method of keeping records in business; formed by pressing reeds into clay tablets which hardened

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Enheduanna

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daughter of King Sargon of Akkad, was the earliest known person whose name can be connected to a specific poem; world's first known poet

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Pictogram

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A picture used to symbolize a word or phrase

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Taxes

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a percentage of a person's income collected and given to the authorities or ruler

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Script

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A group of signs or letters, written by hand, used to make words. A type of writing e.g. cuneiform

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Cuneiform

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a writing system invented in southern Mesapotamaia

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Scribe

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in ancient Mesopotamia, a person who learned to read and write using cuneiform

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Near East

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A name used to describe the modern countries of Arabia, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Iraq, and Iran

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Ziggurat

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A large solid mud-brick stepped tower. Stairways lead to the top where there was a small temple

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Complex

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A group of buildings or rooms that are connected

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Excavate

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To dig or uncover buried objects and buildings

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Archaeologist

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A person who studies archaeology.

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Archaeology

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the study of past cultures based on objects and buildings

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Offering

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Something that is offered to another person or the gods; could be food, valuables, special oils, or animals to be sacrificed

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Excavation

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Area where buried objects and building are uncovered

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Nubia

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A term used to refer to the land that lay directly south of ancient Egypt

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Director

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the person in charge of an activity or organization

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Dig

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an archaeological excavation; to cut into, break up or remove earth

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Carchemish

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_____ was on the upper Euphrates, north-east of Aleppo

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Sumerian

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the language of people living in southern Mesopotamia and the first to be written using cuneiform

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Akkadian

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A language spoken in Mesopotamia similar to modern Arabic and Hebrew

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Demon

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in ancient Mesopotamia a ____ could be a good or bad spirit

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Monster

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A large, frightening creature

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Ritual

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An important religious ceremony or an event carried out at a special time

question

Leonard Woolley

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____ learned a great deal about how people lived and what they believed by studying the burials

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Royal tombs

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Woolley called these tombs ____ which had very special and valuable objects in them

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Pictogram

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were used to communicate basic information about crops and taxes

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Oral--Written

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oral literature was always associated with some important activity like teaching, praying, magic, etc. Later, written language was used to preserve various literary works.

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Myths

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stories about gods/goddesses to explain natural phenomena, the human situation, or origins.

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Heroic Literature

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records the exploits of heroes and heroines. First there were oral legends then came epics, long poems celebrating heroes.

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Sacred Verse

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expressed religious faith in the form of hymns, prayers, or psalms; usually chanted or sung

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Wisdom Literature

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advice about wise and moral behavior; examples are proverbs (sayings) and parables (stories).

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Proverbs

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sayings

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Parables

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stories

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Folk Tales

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stories about ordinary people who have extraordinary experiences; contain magic, exaggeration, or humor.

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Archetype

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situations, characters, or images that appear over and over in literature.

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Fertile Crescent

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Cradle of Civilization

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Fertile Crescent

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offered an abundant water supply and mineral-rich soil replenished by the flooding of the two large rivers

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Bronze

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an alloy of copper and tin

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Cuneiform

answer

To record sales of products and land, the people of Mesopotamia developed a written language called ______

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Amorites

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established a new empire centered in the city of Babylon

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Ideograms

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a picture-writing system that used symbols

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Apsu

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the father and the fresh waters of the rivers

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Tiamat

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mother of all and the salt water of the ocean

question

answer

who had the form of a fantastic beast with the upper body of a goat and the tail of a fish, was all-wise and foiled the scheme; He killed Apsu

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Damkina

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Ea's wife

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Mardoc

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Ea and Damkina's son

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Mardoc

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greatest of all gods

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Mardoc

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He had four eyes, four ears, and when he moved his lips, fire blazed forth

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Tiamat

answer

Mardoc killed _____

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Anu

answer

Ashnar's son

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Nudimmud

answer

Anu created his son named _____

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A Level History Ancient China Ancient History Art History World History

History of Civilization – Chapter 3 – Flashcards 37 terms

Jazzlyn Howe

37 terms

Preview

History of Civilization – Chapter 3 – Flashcards

question

The Zhou rose up and overthrew the Shang in about

answer

1050 B.C.E.

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According to Daoism, human society

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prospers when government is least intrusive.

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Confucius redefined the term junxi to mean

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a man of moral cultivation.

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Anyang was

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the seat of Shang government for more than two centuries.

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The crop well suited to the Yellow River basin was

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wheat.

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In Shang culture, the taotie was a

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stylized animal face image.

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All of the following are features of southern China except

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drought is a perennial problem.

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The written Chinese language

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was a major factor in social, cultural, and political unity.

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According to the text, the military technology of the Shang dynasty included all of the following except

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gunpowder.

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The historical, or premodern, China

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did not include Manchuria.

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A follower of Confucius, Mencius claimed

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human nature is fundamentally good.

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Around 350 B.C.E. Chinese military technology developed the

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crossbow.

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According to the text, Confucianism and Daoism

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were mutually exclusive belief systems.

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Many Legalist politics were adopted by

answer

the state of Qin.

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Confucius believed that peaceful social relations and effective government were the product of

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benevolent conduct.

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The thinker Xunzi argued that

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people are born selfish and greedy but can be trained to be good.

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In the philosophy of the Laozi, people would be better off if they

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knew less.

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Northern China, compared to southern China

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receives less rain.

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In the Yangzi River basin, the predominant agricultural activity was

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rice farming.

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The traditional dates for the life of Confucius are

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551-479 B.C.E.

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Confucius's ideas are known primarily through the sayings recorded in the

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The Analects.

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According to Confucius, the basic unit of society was the

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family

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The development of more complex forms of social organization in Shang China coincided with the mastery of

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metalworking.

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A ruler retains the Mandate of Heaven as long as he

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rules in the best interests of the people.

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According to Han Feizi, politics must be based on

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the power to reward and punish.

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The predominate image on Shang bronze decorations are

answer

wild animals.

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The first Chinese Dynasty to have writing, cities, and metalworking was

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Shang.

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Agriculture has been practiced in China since about

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10,000 B.C.E..

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The Zhuangzi

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questioned whether life was better than death.

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Around 350 B.C.E. Chinese soldiers began wearing armor that was largely made from

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leather.

question

In the Chinese logographic system of writing

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each word was represented by a single symbol.

question

The majority of recovered bronze objects from the Shang dynasty are

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ritual vessels.

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Yin and yang represent

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the complementary masculine and feminine principles of nature.

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All of the following were features of Shang cities except

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the most densely populated settlements in the ancient world.

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In Zhou times, Confucian ideas

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attracted a small but dedicated following.

question

Texts from royal tombs indicate that Shang kings were

answer

warriors.

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According to Confucius, the only relationship that was based on mutual obligations between equals was that of

answer

friend and friend.

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Course(s) In English English/Language Arts 3 (11Th Grade) World History

Contemporary Voice: Fred Veilleux – Flashcards 5 terms

Elizabeth Bates

5 terms

Preview

Contemporary Voice: Fred Veilleux – Flashcards

question

in persuasive writing it is important to

answer

anticipate and address counterarguments clearly state you position provide facts and examples to backup your position

question

"redskin" was originally a term for the

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the bounty placed on indians

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the governments first target in educating Indian children was their

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language

question

which persuasive technique fred veilleux employs in the passage

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help people imagine what its like to experience the condition you want to change

question

If you are reading a book, and it says that professor smith is hatching an insidious plot, you know

answer

he is dangerous

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AP United States History History of the Americas President Abraham Lincoln President Andrew Johnson Whites And Blacks World History

APUSH Ch. 15 – Flashcards 70 terms

William Jordan

70 terms

Preview

APUSH Ch. 15 – Flashcards

question

In the final days of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln

answer

insisted that the Confederacy had no legal right to exist.

question

At the end of the Civil War, the number of slaves that emerged from bondage was

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almost 4 million.

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In 1865, Southern blacks defined "freedom" as

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an end to slavery and the acquisition of legal rights and opportunities that would allow them to live as did whites.

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In 1865, Southern whites defined "freedom" as

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controlling their future without Northern interference.

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The Freedmen's Bureau

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distributed food to millions of Southern blacks.

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As Republicans planned for Reconstruction,

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Radicals sought a range of punishments for white Southerners.

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President Abraham Lincoln's "10 percent" plan for the South referred to the

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number of white voters required to take loyalty oaths before setting up a state government.

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The Wade-Davis Bill

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sought to bring about the disenfranchisement of leading Confederates.

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The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln

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involved a larger conspiracy to kill other members of the administration.

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As president, Andrew Johnson

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offered amnesty to Southerners who pledged their loyalty to the United States.

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In the 1860s, Black Codes were

answer

designed to give whites control over freedmen.

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The Fourteenth Amendment

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gave citizenship rights to all people born in the United States.

question

In 1867, congressional plans for Reconstruction

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required new state governments in the South to give voting rights to black males.

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The Fifteenth Amendment dealt with the issue of

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suffrage.

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The Tenure of Office Act

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was designed to limit President Andrew Johnson's authority.

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As a result of the Supreme Court's ruling in Ex parte Milligan, some Radical Republicans

answer

proposed abolishing the Court.

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In 1868, President Andrew Johnson was impeached because he

answer

All these answers are correct.

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At the conclusion of President Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial,

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Johnson was acquitted by a margin of one vote.

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During Reconstruction, the term "scalawags" referred to

answer

Southern white Republicans.

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During Reconstruction, most "carpetbaggers" were

answer

Northern white veterans who moved to the South.

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During Reconstruction, Southern African American officeholders

answer

underrepresented the total number of blacks living in the South.

question

During Reconstruction, there was a dramatic improvement in Southern

answer

education.

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During Reconstruction, the Southern school system

answer

reached 40 percent of all black children by 1876.

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During Reconstruction, regarding land ownership in the South,

answer

ownership by whites declined, while ownership by blacks increased.

question

Black sharecropping

answer

was a very common occupation of former slaves.

question

During Reconstruction, per capita income for Southerners

answer

rose for blacks and declined for whites.

question

During Reconstruction, the black labor force worked

answer

significantly fewer hours than had been the case during slavery.

question

After the Civil War, most poor rural Southerners relied on credit from

answer

country stores.

question

In the South, the crop-lien system along with the burdensome credit system

answer

encouraged the planting of cash crops.

question

By the end of Reconstruction,

answer

roughly half of all black women were working for wages.

question

In 1868, Ulysses S. Grant

answer

entered the White House with no political experience.

question

Schuyler Colfax, Grant's vice president,

answer

was involved in a stock-fixing scandal.

question

The Panic of 1873

answer

was the nation's worst economic depression to that time.

question

During the Johnson administration, the United States acquired

answer

Alaska.

question

The Alabama claims

answer

involved complaints by the United States against England.

question

The "redeemed" governments of the South

answer

were so named when Democrats took back control of the government.

question

Congressional passage of the Enforcement Acts in 1870-1871

answer

was aimed at reducing white repression of blacks in the South.

question

Northern commitment to Reconstruction waned as a result of

answer

All these answers are correct.

question

The elections of 1876 saw

answer

the candidate with the most popular votes fail to get elected.

question

As president, Rutherford B. Hayes

answer

promised to serve only one term.

question

Which of the following statements about the end of Reconstruction is accurate?

answer

Many white Southern leaders sympathized with Republican economic policies in the South but could not publicly support them.

question

After Reconstruction, political power under southern "Redeemers"

answer

was very often restricted and conservative.

question

Advocates of the "New South"

answer

promoted southern industry and railroad development.

question

In the South during the last twenty years of the nineteenth century,

answer

textile manufacturing increased ninefold.

question

During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, southern agriculture

answer

saw the great majority of farmers live under the tenant system.

question

Among other ideas, Booker T. Washington

answer

favored industrial over classical education.

question

In his 1895 "Atlanta Compromise" speech, Booker T. Washington

answer

called for tacit acceptance of the emerging system of racial segregation.

question

The Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that

answer

racial segregation was legal if whites and blacks had equal "accommodations."

question

Grandfather laws established that

answer

men who could not meet the literacy and property qualifications could vote if their ancestors had voted before Reconstruction began.

question

Jim Crow laws

answer

imposed a system of state-supported segregation.

question

By the 1890s, voting percentages in the South had

answer

decreased for both whites and blacks.

question

In the 1890s, the black journalist Ida B. Wells devoted her writing to attacking

answer

the crime of lynching.

question

General Oliver O. Howard ran the ________, an agency that established schools and helped provide basic services for former slaves following the Civil War.

answer

Freedmen's Bureau

question

Lincoln wanted ex-Confederate states admitted to the Union when ________ percent of a state's white voters took a loyalty oath.

answer

question

State laws designed to restore slavery in all but name in the post-Civil War South were called the ________.

answer

Black Codes

question

The Fourteenth Amendment offered the first constitutional definition of ________.

answer

citizenship

question

The Tenure of Office Act was designed to protect the job of Secretary of War ________.

answer

Edwin Stanton

question

Many of the so-called scalawags were former Southern ________.

answer

Whigs

question

The most numerous Republicans in the South were the ________.

answer

black freedmen

question

After the Civil War, most black agricultural workers toiled as tenants of white landowners and were known as ________.

answer

sharecroppers

question

Enemies of President Grant and "Grantism" were called ________ Republicans.

answer

liberal

question

The Panic of 1873 began with the failure of a leading investment banking firm, ________.

answer

Jay Cooke and Company

question

The Treaty of Washington provided for ________ with Britain over "Alabama claims."

answer

international arbitration

question

"Seward's Folly" refers to the American purchase of ________.

answer

alaska

question

An end to Reconstruction was achieved by the ________ of 1877.

answer

compromise

question

The last ________ were withdrawn from the South by President Hayes.

answer

federal troops

question

Democrats restored to power in the South were known variously as the "________" or the "Bourbons."

answer

redeemers

question

Booker T. Washington outlined his basic philosophy in an 1895 speech that has come to be called the ________ Compromise.

answer

atlanta

question

In 1896 the Supreme Court declared that "separate but equal" in matters of race relations was constitutional, in the case of ________.

answer

Plessy v. Ferguson

question

Ida B. Wells was a black journalist who was most concerned about stopping the practice of ________ in the late nineteenth-century South.

answer

lynching

STUDY

AP United States History World History

U.S. History Chapter 1 – Flashcards 20 terms

Noel Macdonald

20 terms

Preview

U.S. History Chapter 1 – Flashcards

question

Native Americans related to the natural environment by

answer

adapting to it in a variety of ways that served their own interest

question

the greatest similarity among the many tribes that inhabited North America at the dawn of European colonization was that

answer

their distinct cultures had developed as adaptations to their local natural environments

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burial mounds and chiefdoms are associated with

answer

woodland cultures

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around the time Europeans arrived in the new world most native Americans obtained much of their food

answer

through a combination of hunting and gathering and farming

question

Cahokia near present day St. Louis Missouri was

answer

The largest Mississippian state

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Anasazi culture disappeared

answer

because of a drought that lasted more than fifty years

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multistory cliff dwelling and puevlos are residential atructures associated with the

answer

Anasazi communities

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Ancient Southwestern Indians became experts in

answer

Water conservation.

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Corn became a food for crop for Southwestern cultures around

answer

3500 BP

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Archaic cultures in the Southwest adopted agriculture in response to

answer

environmental conditions that made the supply of wild plant food highly reliable

question

Agriculture changed Archaic cultures because it

answer

encouraged the gradual establishment of permanent settlements and discourage mobility

question

The cultures of the Archaic people of the Eastern Woodland were shaped by their

answer

forest environment.

question

Which of the following is an accurate description of the Archaic Indians?

answer

They domesticated animals as a food source.

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The term Archaic describes

answer

hunting and gathering cultures that descended from the Paleo-Indians, as well as the period from 10,000 BP to approximately

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In 1492, Native American cultures were

answer

so varied that they defy easy and simple description.

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After their arrival in the Western Hemisphere, Paleo-Indians migrated to the southern tip of South America and virtually everywhere else in the Western Hemisphere within

answer

1,000 years or so.

question

Although the exact time people began migrating to North America is debated by experts, the first migrated probably arrived

answer

around 15,000 BP

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Though ancient Americans lacked writing skills, they

answer

used many other kinds of symbolic representation

question

Which of the following statements does not accurately describe the work of a historian?

answer

Historian seeks artifacts over written documents to determine the attitudes of a people

question

Prior to the find at Folsom, New Mexico, in the 1920s, many archaeologists believed that the first people of North America

answer

arrived relatively recently, probably no more than three or four thousand years ago.

STUDY

Regions Of Africa World Civilizations World History

Chapter 3 AP World – Flashcards 34 terms

Aiden Boyd

34 terms

Preview

Chapter 3 AP World – Flashcards

question

Which of the following societies began the custom of embalming to preserve the body for its life after death? a. Egypt b. Mesopotamia c. India d. China e. Persia

answer

a. Egypt

question

Around ________ B.C.E., peoples of the eastern Sudan started to domesticate cattle and became nomadic herders. a. 25,000 b. 18,000 c. 9000 d. 4000 e. 1500

answer

c. 9,000

question

The early Sudanic societies recognized a single divine force as the source of good and evil, and they associated it with a. fire. b. the ocean. c. the sun. d. rain. e. the moon.

answer

D. rain

question

The Greek historian Herodotus used the phrase "the gift of the ________" to describe Egypt. a. Indus b. Huang He c. Nile d. Tigris e. Issus

answer

C. Nile

question

The earliest Egyptian and Nubian states were a. city-states. b. small kingdoms. c. centralized empires. d. trading networks. e. unified early because of the unique nature of the Tigris.

answer

B. small kingdoms

question

Egypt was united around 3100 B.C.E. by the conqueror a. Menes. b. Khufu. c. Sargon of Akkad. d. Hatshepsut. e. Hammurabi.

answer

A. Menes

question

The largest Egyptian pyramids were built during the a. Middle Kingdom. b. Old Kingdom. c. New Kingdom. d. Archaic Period. e. Second Intermediary Period.

answer

B. Old Kingdom

question

________'s is the largest of all the pyramids. a. Sargon of Akkad b. Khufu c. Hyksos d. Menes e. Giza

answer

B. Khufu

question

The capital of the kingdom of Kush was a. Kerma. b. Axum. c. Memphis. d. Harappa. e. Harkhuf.

answer

A. Kerma

question

Harkhuf was a. the capital of Kush. b. the most powerful pharaoh of the Old Kingdom. c. an Egyptian explorer who visited Nubia. d. the largest Middle Kingdom pyramid. e. the first woman pharaoh.

answer

C. an Egyptian explorer who visited Nubia.

question

Pharaohs in the New Kingdom were a. more powerful than pharaohs of the Old Kingdom. b. descended from a line of Babylonian kings. c. set on the throne by the Roman emperor Julius Caesar. d. more vigorous in their attempts to extend Egyptian authority beyond the Nile valley and delta. e. sacrificed at age thirty-two to insure a bountiful harvest.

answer

d. more vigorous in their attempts to extend Egyptian authority beyond the Nile valley and delta.

question

Around 3100 B.C.E., the conqueror Menes founded ________, a city that would serve as the capital for early Egypt. a. Heliopolis b. Kerma c. Uruk d. Memphis e. Thebes

answer

d. Memphis

question

The Hyksos were a. nomads who eventually settled around the city of Babylon. b. external invaders who helped bring about the end of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom. c. Mesopotamian kings. d. the priestly class in ancient Egypt. e. demons who punished the wicked in the Egyptian underworld.

answer

b. external invaders who helped bring about the end of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom.

question

Horse-drawn chariots and bronze weapons were introduced into Egypt by the a. Hyksos. b. Babylonians. c. Kushites. d. Harappans. e. Qin.

answer

a. Hyksos.

question

The most vigorous of all New Kingdom pharaohs was ________, who led his troops into Palestine and Syria and who even received tribute from the Mesopotamian city-states. a. Ahmose I b. Menes c. Sargon of Akkad d. Tuthmosis III e. Hatshepsut

answer

d. Tuthmosis III

question

The Egyptians were the most imperialistic during the a. First Intermediary Period. b. Archaic Period. c. New Kingdom. d. Old Kingdom. e. Middle Kingdom.

answer

c. New Kingdom.

question

During the eighth century B.C.E., Egypt fell under the control of the ________ for around a century. a. Persians b. Romans c. Greeks d. Babylonians e. Kushites

answer

e. Kushites

question

Around 760 B.C.E. the Kushite king Kashta a. officially converted to the Egyptian gods. b. founded a dynasty that ruled Egypt for around a hundred years. c. formed a long-lasting trading agreement with Egypt, marking their first contact. d. surrendered to Assyrian domination. e. surrendered to Egyptian domination.

answer

b. founded a dynasty that ruled Egypt for around a hundred years.

question

In the mid-seventh century B.C.E. Egypt lost its independence and became a part of a. the Assyrian empire. b. the Arabic empire. c. the Persian empire. d. the Roman empire. e. the Harappan empire.

answer

a. the Assyrian empire.

question

Hatshepsut was a. a Mesopotamian king of the gods. b. the Hebrew term for their god. c. the first conqueror to unite all of Mesopotamia. d. a woman who ruled Egypt as pharaoh. e. the most important early city of the Harappan society.

answer

d. a woman who ruled Egypt as pharaoh.

question

In which of the following societies did women enjoy the most freedom and opportunity? a. Mesopotamia b. Egypt c. Hebrews d. Assyria e. India

answer

b. Egypt

question

In Kush, a. the cities were much larger than they were in Egypt. b. woman's only role was to serve as a slave. c. there were apparently never any female rulers. d. trade was officially restricted with Egypt. e. there is evidence of many female rulers

answer

e. there is evidence of many female rulers

question

In Africa, iron metallurgy a. was introduced by Persian merchants. b. did not appear until after the rise of trans-Saharan trade. c. arose independently. d. began after an odd meeting between a Kushite king and the Egyptian explorer Harkhuf. e. was imported into the continent by trade with the Mesopotamians.

answer

e. was imported into the continent by trade with the Mesopotamians.

question

The Egyptians traded through the Red Sea with a land they called Punt, which was probably a. Harappan India. b. Sri Lanka. c. modern-day Somalia. d. Assyria. e. modern-day Angola.

answer

c. modern-day Somalia.

question

The Greek words meaning "holy inscriptions" refers to a. hieroglyphs. b. cuneiform. c. the Old Testament. d. the Phoenician alphabet. e. the Coptic script.

answer

a. hieroglyphs

question

Meroitic writing a. has now been completely translated. b. expressed the general Egyptian optimism with life. c. was introduced into India by the Indo-Europeans. d. was a Nubian script that borrowed Egyptian hieroglyphs. e. cannot be read because it's simply too different than its base cuneiform.

answer

d. was a Nubian script that borrowed Egyptian hieroglyphs.

question

The cult of Amon-Re a. was a failed monotheistic religion in Egypt. b. worshipped the god of the underworld. c. revered a combination of two gods associated with the sun. d. worshipped the Egyptian god of the desert. e. was borrowed by the Egyptians from Nubian sources.

answer

a. was a failed monotheistic religion in Egypt.

question

Which pharaoh tried, unsuccessfully, to transform Egypt into a monotheistic society? a. Menes b. Akhenaten c. Tuthmosis III d. Ahmose I e. Tuthmosis I

answer

b. Akhenaten

question

The Egyptian god of the underworld was a. Amon-Re. b. Aten. c. Horus. d. Osiris. e. Ptah.

answer

d. Osiris.

question

Osiris judged whether or not souls were worthy of immortality a. by weighing their hearts against a feather symbolizing justice. b. through their completion of a journey full of tests. c. through the individual's level of sincere faith in Osiris as a redeemer. d. by examining their holiness at the moment of their death. e. through their adherence to the code of Hammurabi.

answer

a. by weighing their hearts against a feather symbolizing justice.

question

The Bantu originally came from around a. the Swahili area. b. modern-day Nigeria. c. far southern Africa. d. Egypt. e. modern-day Algeria.

answer

d. Egypt.

question

The tribes that, as early as 3000 B.C.E., began to spread their language and agricultural techniques throughout Africa were the a. Mali. b. Persians. c. Xiongnu. d. Kongo. e. Bantu.

answer

e. Bantu.

question

By spreading their language across a huge stretch of Africa, the Bantu played a role similar to that played by the a. Indo-Europeans. b. Mongols. c. Xiongnu. d. Visigoths.

answer

a. Indo-Europeans.

question

The Bantu probably began their migrations because of a. invasions from the Mediterranean basin. b. a conscious desire for conquest. c. the threat of epidemic disease. d. a desire to spread their monotheistic faith. e. population pressures.

answer

e. population pressures.

STUDY

AP United States History New Stone Age World History

Miss Danna’s WH to 1715 – Flashcards 235 terms

Ben Stevenson

235 terms

Preview

Miss Danna’s WH to 1715 – Flashcards

question

1.1 The Greek term "Mesopotamia" refers to

answer

1.1 lands between the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers.

question

1.2 According to the text, the most successful feature of the Neolithic period was the development of

answer

1.2 towns

question

1.3 The earliest Sumerian writings

answer

1.3 were pictographs in which each sign pictured an object

question

1.4 Hammurabi's code was designed to

answer

1.4 regulate the relationships among his people.

question

1.5 Akhenaten's interest in monotheism failed in Egypt because

answer

1.5 it was imposed on people and enforced by intolerance.

question

1.6 The Phoenicians' greatest cultural achievement was the

answer

1.6 creation of an alphabet.

question

1.7 In the history of Hebrews, they

answer

1.7 made particular efforts to retain their unique religion and culture.

question

1.8 The Persian Empire was founded by _____ the Great.

answer

1.8 Cyrus

question

1.9 All of the following statements regarding Zoroastrianism are true except

answer

1.9 its influence ended with the fall of the Persian empire.

question

1.10 According to the text, the backbone of the Persian Empire's communication network was

answer

1.10 the Royal Road

question

2.1 The earliest Indian civilization centered on a great river, the

answer

2.1 Indus

question

2.2 In modern southern India the major languages are

answer

2.2 Dravidians

question

2.3 The term asceticism refers to

answer

2.3 the practice of self-discipline and self-denial

question

2.4 The Upanishads

answer

2.4 stabilized Indian society by encouraging the poor and oppressed to work hard and dutifully.

question

2.5 Mahayana Buddhism is referred to as "Great Vehicle" because

answer

2.5 it provides a means for laypeople as well as monastics to practice Buddhism

question

2.6 The Hindu concept of dharma is

answer

2.6 a guide for an ethical and moral life

question

2.7 The Bhagavad Gita

answer

2.7 urges action in this world

question

2.8 Ashoka's rule was influenced by Buddhism in that he

answer

2.8 appointed officials to oversee the moral welfare of the realm.

question

2.9 The earliest precisely dated documents of Indian history

answer

2.9 stone pillars erected by Ashoka.

question

2.10 During the Kushan period, Indian art was strongly influenced by the

answer

2.10 Greeks.

question

3.1 The first Chinese Dynasty to have writing, cities, and metalworking was

answer

3.1 Shang

question

3.2 The crop well suited to the Yellow River (north) basin was

answer

3.2 wheat/millet

question

3.3 Northern China, compared to southern China

answer

3.3 receives less rain

question

3.4 In Yangzi River (south) basin, the predominant agricultural activity was

answer

3.4 rice farming

question

3.5 The written Chinese language

answer

3.5 was a major factor in social, cultural, and political unity

question

3.6 In Chinese logographic system of writing

answer

3.6 each word was represented by a single symbol

question

3.7 A ruler retains the Mandate of Heaven as long as he

answer

3.7 rules in the best interests of the people

question

3.8 According to Confucius, the basic unit of society was the

answer

3.8 family

question

3.9 In the philosophy of the Laozi, people would be better off if they

answer

3.9 knew less

question

3.10 Yin and yang represent

answer

3.10 the complementary masculine and feminine principles of nature

question

4.1 The geography of Greece

answer

4.1 was divisive force in Greek life

question

4.2 Because of how they functioned, Greek city-states

answer

4.2 were difficult for foreigners to fully enter into

question

4.3 Spartan women

answer

4.3 enjoyed a more active and public life than most other Greek women

question

4.4 In Greek democratic system, the final world on proposed bills and treaties was made by

answer

4.4 the ecclesia, the assembly of all citizens

question

4.5 In his drams, Euripides saw the essence of tragedy to be

answer

4.5 people who bring disaster on themselves due to their own flaws

question

4.6 The culmination of Pre-Socratic thought was the theory that

answer

4.6 the universe consisted of four substances (air, fire, earth, water)

question

4.7 Socrates' student _____ founded the Academy to study philosophy

answer

4.7 Plato

question

4.8 The uniqueness of Hellenistic culture lay in its

answer

4.8 fusion of Greek and Eastern cultures

question

4.9 Major exports from the Greek cities during the Classical and Hellenistic periods included

answer

lo 4.9 olive oil and wine

question

4.10 Hellenistic physicians discovered

answer

4.10 [human nervous system had both motor and sensory nerves, brain is center of intelligence, brain has cerebrum & cerebellum, and opium relieved pain] All of the above

question

5.1 An important difference between the political system of the Romans and the Greeks

answer

5.1 Rome extended citizenship to its conquered people, while the Greeks did not.

question

5.2 In the early republic, Roman society was divided into

answer

5.2 patricians and plebeians

question

5.3 In the third century B.C.E., the main challenge to Roman control of the Mediterranean came from

answer

5.3 Carthage

question

5.4 The term mare nostrum refers to the

answer

5.4 Roman conquest of the Mediterranean world

question

5.5 In Roman families the paterfamilias was the

answer

5.5 oldest dominant male, who had near absolute power

question

5.6 In traditional Roman families, women

answer

5.6 could inherit and own property

question

5.7 During the Roman empire, Greek culture

answer

5.7 [adopted practice of public baths, greatly admired, criticized by conservatives, did not appear to corrupt Roman society] All of the above

question

5.8 After the death of Jesus, many early converts to Christianity were

answer

5.8 women

question

5.9 During its "golden age," Roman expansion in continental Europe was led by

answer

5.9 retired soldiers

question

5.10 The emperor Constantine

answer

5.10 built a new capital for the Roman empire

question

6.1 The First Emperor ordered _____ to move to the capital.

answer

6.1 the nobility

question

6.2 According to the census of 2 C.E., the Chinese population at the time was

answer

6.2 58 million

question

6.3 During the Han Dynasty, China developed a _____ system to regulate contact with foreign powers.

answer

6.3 tributary

question

6.4 The traditional date for the invention of _____ is 105 C.E.

answer

6.4 paper

question

6.5 During the Age of Division,

answer

6.5 Nanjing was the capital of Southern China.

question

6.6 After the introduction of Buddhism in China, the monastic establishment

answer

6.6 grew rapidly

question

6.7 The government of the Tang Empire was characterized by

answer

6.7 a meritocratic bureaucracy

question

6.8 From the eighth century on, throughout East Asia the language of the education was

answer

6.8 Chinese

question

6.9 In Vietnam,

answer

6.9 beneficial Chinese innovations were rapidly integrated into local culture

question

6.10 Among the negative effects of increased Japanese contact with the Asian mainland in the eighth century C.E. was

answer

6.10 smallpox epidemic

question

7.1 The law of Justinian

answer

7.1 became the foundation of law for most modern European nations

question

7.2 The corpus juris civilis includes the

answer

7.2 [Code, Digests, Institutes, "body of civil law"] All of the above

question

7.3 During the reign of Diocletian, the Byzantine Empire was divided into geographical units called

answer

7.3 dioceses

question

7.4 In 380, the emperor _____ made Christianity the official religion of the Roman empire.

answer

7.4 Theodosius

question

7.5 The development of canon law allowed the Christian church

answer

7.5 authority over ecclesiastical matters

question

7.6 The controversy icons in the Eastern Christian Church

answer

7.6 led to further separation between western Europe and Byzantium

question

7.7 The base for the Christianization of the European continent began in 597 in

answer

7.7 England

question

7.8 By the third century, the Roman army increasingly recruited soldiers from

answer

7.8 Germanic peoples

question

7.9 The basic Germanic social unit was the

answer

7.9 tribe

question

7.10 Which of the following statements regarding Charlemagne are true?

answer

7.10 [aka Charles the Great, fought in more than 50 military campaigns, crowned Holy Roman Emperor, linked Roman imperialism with new Roman Christianity] All of the above

question

8.1 In northern and central Arabia, political affairs, before Muhammad, were dominated by the

answer

8.1 warrior elite

question

8.2 The presence of the Ka'ba attracted pilgrims to

answer

8.2 Mecca

question

8.3 The divine revelations of Muhammad are recorded in the Islamic holy book, the

answer

8.3 Qur'an

question

8.4 The _____ are collections of sayings of or anecdotes about Muhammad

answer

8.4 hadith

question

8.5 According to the Qu'ran, Muslims

answer

8.5 must abstain from alcohol, gambling, and usury (lending money and charging interest)

question

8.6 Muslims have interpreted jihad to be

answer

8.6 [individual's struggles against sin, communal struggle, holy ware, 6th pillar of Islam] All of the above

question

8.7 The shari'a is

answer

8.7 the body of Islamic law

question

8.8 Jews living under Islam

answer

8.8 participated fully in commercial and professional activities

question

8.9 In Muslim society

answer

8.9 marriages were arranged by the families

question

8.10 Which of the following statements regarding the wearing of head veils by Muslim women are true?

answer

8.10 [Qu'ran has no specific rules about veils, indicated respectability, most common among desert women, rooted in pre-Islamic times] All of the above

question

8.11 The term purdah refers to

answer

8.11 the seclusion of women "behind a screen."

question

8.12 In Muslim society, merchants were

answer

8.12 a respected party of society

question

8.13 In Muslim culture, knowledge and learning

answer

8.13 were esteemed above every other human activity

question

8.14 The religious movement known as Sufism

answer

8.14 rejected materialism

question

8.15 The English phrase "whirling dervish" comes from

answer

8.15 Sufi dancing

question

9.1 The Sahara

answer

9.1 takes its name from the Arabic word for "tan"

question

9.2 A surviving term that comes from the ancient Greek word that means "people with burnt faces" is

answer

9.2 Ethiopian

question

9.3 Scholars speculate that crops such as bananas, taros, sugar cane, and coconut palms

answer

9.3 were brought to Africa from Southeast Asia

question

9.4 The term Bantu refers to

answer

9.4 a linguistic classification of African peoples who lived south of the Congo River

question

9.5 The two most valuable commodities of the trans-Saharan trade were gold and

answer

9.5 slaves

question

9.6 Arab merchants imported into the Sudan products such as

answer

9.6 silk, cotton cloth, and salt

question

9.7 The earliest Islamic penetration of sub-Saharan African took place

answer

9.7 all of coastal North Africa

question

9.8 In Africa, slavery

answer

9.8 had little or no association with "race"

question

9.9 The greatness of the kingdom of Mali was due to its

answer

9.9 strong economy and able leadership

question

9.10 Under Mansa Musa, the city of Timbuktu

answer

9.10 developed into a thriving commercial and intellectual center

question

9.11 The Kebra Negasti

answer

9.11 is the Ethiopian national epic

question

9.12 Ethiopian tradition asserts that Ethiopian royal dynasty began from

answer

9.12 the union of Queen Makeda and the Hebrew King Solomon, which produced a son.

question

9.13 The polyglot coastal culture of East Africa is known as

answer

9.13 Swahili

question

9.14 Great Zimbabwe was the

answer

9.14 capital of a vast empire in southern Africa

question

9.15 The decline of the Great Zimbabwe in the 15th century was likely the result of

answer

9.15 the land becoming agriculturally unproductive

question

10.1 Demographers estimate the total population of the Western hemisphere in the 1400s to be about

answer

10.1 70 million

question

10.2 Demographers estimate that in some parts of the western hemisphere, _____ of the population died within the 1st decades of European contact.

answer

10.2 90%

question

10.3 "America" got its name because

answer

10.3 mapmakers wrongly believed Amerigo Vespucci saw parts of the New World before Columbus

question

10.4 Today, increasingly numbers of archeologists have concluded the migrants to the Americas

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10.4 traveled both by foot and boat

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10.5 The richest concentration of mound buildings found in the Americas

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10.5 are in the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys

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10.6 Around 900 B.C.E. the center of the early Olmec culture was likely destroyed by

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10.6 invaders from the north

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10.7 The largest Mayan religious and ceremonial center was

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10.7 Tikal

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10.8 The Maya Popul Vuh contains

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10.8 the Maya view of creation, good and evil, and the purpose of life

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10.9 Mayans made notable intellectual achievements in the field of

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10.9 [astronomy, math, yearly calendar, recording of history] All of the above

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10.10 The Toltecs

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10.10 were the most powerful heir to Teotihuacán

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10.11 The Cahokia mounds

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10.11 include mounds larger than the largest Egyptian pyramid

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10.12 To prevent the end of the world, the Aztecs believed that they had to

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10.12 sacrifice livestock

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10.13 At the time of the Spanish arrival in 1519, they found Tenochtitlán

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10.13 exceptionally clean and elegant compared to cities in Spain

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10.14 The Inca kingdom was linked by

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10.14 an advanced system of roads, some of which were paved

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10.15 In the Inca society

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10.15 the state required everyone to marry and would arrange marriages

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11.1 Political organization among nomadic herding peoples was generally based on

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11.1 clan ties

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11.2 The Eastern Turks

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11.2 frequently raided into China

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11.3 The yurt was

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11.3 tent in which Mongol families lived

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11.4 The Mongols milked

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11.4 [horses, sheep, goats, cows] All of the above

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11.5 Mongol women were

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11.5 expert horseback riders

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11.6 In the mid-twelfth century, _____ created a subsistence crisis in Central Asia.

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11.6 drop in the mean average temperature

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11.7 The Mongol conquest of southern China

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11.7 included the use of catapults designed by Muslim engineers

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11.8 The decisive factor in the Japanese success in repulsing Mongol invasions was the

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11.8 two fierce storms that destroyed the Mongol fleets

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11.9 As rulers, the Mongols

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11.9 improved their own capital city by importing skilled workers from conquered regions

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11.10 Moscow grew in importance compared to Kiev after the thirteenth century because

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11.10 it became the center for collection of Mongol tribute in Russia

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11.11 The career of Rashid al-Din is representative of the Mongol influence in

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11.11 bringing diverse in contact with each other

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11.12 The Black Death that struck Europe and the Middle East in the mid-fourteenth century probably came from

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11.12 Central Asia

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11.13 The Gupta empire in India

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11.13 had a notable interest in the arts

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11.14 The earliest Indian contact with Islam occurred in the

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11.14 eighth century

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11.15 Muslim rulers in India were most hostile towards

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11.15 Buddhism

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11.16 In fourteenth-century India horses

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11.16 thrived in the northwest

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11.17 In medieval India

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11.17 girls were typically married when they were children

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11.18 In medieval India authorities considered that the optimal situation for all woman was

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11.18 to always be under the control of a man

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11.19 The first state to appear in Southeast Asia, with its capital in southern Vietnam, was

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11.19 Funan

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11.20 In mainland Southeast Asia, the dominant religion after about 800 C.E., was

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11.20 Theravada Buddhism

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12.1 Between 742 and 1100, China's population

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12.1 became the largest of any country in the world

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12.2 The population growth experienced by China between 800 to 1100, was encouraged by

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12.2 expansion of rice cultivation in central and southern China

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12.3 The world's first paper money was developed in China

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12.3 as a way to avoid carrying heavy bags of coins

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12.4 The Song government traded tea to other countries to help meet its military need for

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12.4 horses

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12.5 The most pressing chronic problem facing the Song dynasty was

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12.5 the presence of powerful tribal confederations on its frontiers

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12.6 In order to do well on the civil service examinations, students typically

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12.6 mastered forms of composition, including poetry

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12.7 In spite of Neo-Confucian scholars' injunctions in Song China, many

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12.7 widows remarried

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12.8 In the practice of concubines in China

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12.8 the children from a concubine held equal status with the children from a wife

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12.9 Fujiwara dominance of the Japanese government represented

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12.9 the privatization of political power and a reversion to clan politics

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12.10 The system of rule in which Japanese emperors abdicated but continued to exercise

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12.10 "cloistered government"

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12.11 The Japanese novel The Tale of Genji

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12.11 depicts court life in great detail

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12.12 Japanese phonetic script

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12.12 fostered the spread of literacy

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12.13 The samurai were

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12.13 skilled warriors in Japan

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12.14 Military rule in Japan emerged out of the combined development of a native warrior tradition and

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12.14 the principles of duty to superiors

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12.15 For a samurai, the term Bushido referred to

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12.15 a code of conduct in which to live their lives

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12.16 Shingon Buddhists believed that

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12.16 the Buddha secretly transmitted the secrets of enlightenment to a few followers

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12.17 Pure Land Buddhism appealed to ordinary people because it

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12.17 taught that simple faith was enough for salvation

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12.18 The beginning of a breakdown of Hojo rule in Japan resulted from

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12.18 the lack of booty to be distributed victory over Mongols

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12.19 Zen teachings held enlightenment

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12.19 with the acceptance and devotion to the authority of the sutras

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12.20 The thirteenth-century The Tale of the Heike

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12.20 incorporates the Buddhist idea of the transience of life and the illusory nature of glory

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13.1 The term Middle Ages

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13.1 covers a period notable for it creative vitality

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13.2 The notion of "Europe" during the Middle Ages

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13.2 refers to both a specific geographic region and a distinct culture

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13.3 A vassal is

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13.3a knight

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13.4 A fief was

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13.4 land exchanged between a lord and a knight

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13.5 Feudalism was based on one's allegiance to

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13.5 another individual

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13.6 As a result of the invasion of the 9th and 10th centuries

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13.6 development of feudalism was accelerated

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13.7 By 1248, the last remaining Muslim stronghold in Spain was

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13.7 Granada

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13.8 The origins of the modern jury system evolved out of an effort by William the Conqueror to

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13.8 accurately determine the total wealth of his kingdom

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13.9 In the 12th century, England developed and came to be govered by _____ law.

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13.9 common

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13.10 The primary principle of the Magna Carta is that

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13.10 all Englishmen, including the king, must obey the law

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13.11 Pope Gregory VII asserted that

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13.11 [church should be free of lay control, investiture should be ended, those who were disobedient of his decrees should be excommunicated, papal orders were of God] All of above

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13.12 As a result of the Crusades

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13.12 the relations between Jews and Christians worsened considerably

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13.13 The typical peasant household

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13.13 commonly included blended families

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13.14 _____ dominated Europe's trade with Asia.

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13.14 Venice

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13.15 The greatest period of cathedral building in Europe took place in the

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13.15 12th and 13th century

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13.16 Gothic architecture

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13.16 allowed for much more light to enter a building

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13.17 For individuals afflicted with the bubonic plague

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13.17 death was usually a few days away

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13.18 Economically, the Black Death resulted in

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13.18 higher wages and a better distribution of income

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13.19 IN large part because of the efforts of Joan of Arc, _____ won the Hundred Years' War

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13.19 France

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13.20 The triggering event for England's People's Revolt in 1381 was the

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13.20 re-imposition of a head tax on all adult males

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14.1 The most important factor in the emergence of the Italian Renaissance was the

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14.1 rise of a wealthy, urban business elite

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14.2 In the political sphere, the Renaissance Italian powers

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14.2 [invented the practice of permanent embassies, used spies to gain info, maintained a balance of power between themselves, sent ambassadors to live in capitals of other powers] All of the above

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14.3 Italian humanists stressed the

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14.3 study of the classics for what they could reveal about human nature

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14.4 In regard to the education of women, Italian humanists

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14.4 thought the proper sphere for women was private and domestic

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14.5 Thomas More's Utopia placed the blame for society's problems on

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14.5 social institutions

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14.6 According to the Dutch humanist Erasmus, the key to moral improvement was

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14.6 education

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14.7 Printing with movable type was developed in the mid-fifteenth century in

answer

14.7 Germany

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14.8 According to Machiavelli, the sole test of "good" government was whether it

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14.8 was effective

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14.9 As a result of the Renaissance

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14.9 the gulf between the learned minority and uneducated majority increased

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14.10 To undercut the power that the aristocracy exercised through its control of Parliament, most English Tudor kings

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14.10 avoided expensive wars

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14.11 Martin Luther wrote his letter entitled "95 Theses" to Archbishop Albert in response to

answer

14.11 a campaign to sell indulgences

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14.12 German rulers were attracted to Luther's ideas because

answer

14.12 [a mean to seize valuable church lands, inspired nationalist, increased political power, gave rulers more independence from the emperor] All of the above

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14.13 Central to Calvin's theology is the principle of

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14.13 predestination

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14.14 Under King Henry VIII, the head of the Church of England was

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14.14 Henry VIII

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14.15 In religious affairs, Elizabeth I of England established a policy that

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14.15 was middle course between Catholic and Protestant extremes

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14.16 The efforts of the Counter-Reformation were generally

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14.16 successful in making widespread reforms in the Catholics church

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14.17 When Henry II died in 1559, about _____ percent of Frances's population was Calvinist.

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14.17 ten

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14.18 One cause of the Low Countries' rebellion against the Hapsburg dynasty was

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14.18 the spread of Calvinism and Philip II's inheritance of the Low Countries

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14.19 Scholars estimate the number of people executed for witchcraft during the 16th and 17the centuries to be upwards of

answer

14.19 forty thousand

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14.20 More than ¾ of those accused of witchcraft were

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14.20 women

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15.1 In the 17th and 18th centuries, Southeast Asia population

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15.1 grew slowly

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15.2 The peoples of Southeast Asia shared a common language group and

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15.2 environment

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15.3 In the 15th century, the largest commercial center of the Indian Ocean was

answer

15.3 Malaka

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15.4 The biggest market for Southeast Asian goods was

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15.4 China

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15.5 The European kingdom that took the lead in overseas exploration was

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15.5 Portugal

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15.6 Prince Henry II of Portugal is significant for his

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15.6 support of exploration

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15.7 In the 15th century, the Portuguese developed a new kind of ship, the

answer

15.7 caravel

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15.8 The central feature of Columbus's character was his

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15.8 deep religious convictions

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15.9 On his initial voyage to the Americas in 1492, Columbus considered the natives he met to be

answer

15.9 handsome and peaceful

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15.10 As governor of the island of Hispaniola, Christopher Columbus

answer

15.10 subjected the indigenous people to forced labor

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15.11 The primary factor determining the direction of Spanish exploration in the Americas was

answer

15.11 the lure of precious metals

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15.12 The Aztec Empire was conquered by

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15.12 Hernando Cortés

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15.13 The Inca Empire was conquered by

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15.13 Francisco Pizarro

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15.14 Under the Spanish mercantilist principle

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15.14 colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country

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15.15 The Dutch East India Company represents the

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15.15 commercial imperialism of the Dutch

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15.16 China failed to compete with Europeans in the maritime expansion into the Americas in the 15th century because of

answer

15.16 military pressure from the Mongols and administrative inefficiency

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15.17 The Dutch were able to retain their trading privileges in Japan because they

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15.17 helped suppress a Christian uprising

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15.18 Spain's economy in the 16th century suffered from

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15.18 [rising prices, repeated government repudiations of debts, shortages of desired products, noncompetitive pricing of Spanish goods on international market] All of the above

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15.19 The largest buyer of silver in the 16th and 17th century was

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15.19 China

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15.20 The MIng Dynasty was brought down partly as a result of

answer

15.20 allowing taxes to be paid in silver instead of rice

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16.1 During the middle decades of the 17th century, the European nation that prospered the most was

answer

16.1 The Netherlands

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16.2 A comparison of the lives of 17th century western and eastern European peasants reveals

answer

16.2 [western peasants able to escape serfdom due to labor shortages caused by Black Death, eastern peasants fell under laws that restricted their ability to move, Prussian laws required that runaways be captured and returned to their lords, both groups experienced huge population losses due to Black Death] All of the above

question

16.3 Mercantilist theory postulated that

answer

16.3 a nation's international power was based on wealth, especially its gold supply

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16.4 Historians today consider the success of absolutism under Louis XIV to be due mostly to his

answer

16.4 expansion and professionalization of the army

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16.5 To solve their increasingly disastrous financial difficulties, Spanish monarchs often resorted to

answer

16.5 devaluing its coinage

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16.6 By the 17the century, nobles in eastern Europe had

answer

16.6 gained unchallenged control over the peasants who worked their lands

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16.7 The true establishment of Prussian absolutism came under the rule of

answer

16.7 Frederick William I

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16.8 By 1740, under the rule of Frederick William I, Prussia, 12th in Europe in population

answer

16.8 had the best army in Europe

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16.9 The negative reputation of Ivan the Terrible grew from his violent treatment of

answer

16.9 many of the leading boyar families

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16.10 Cossacks were

answer

16.10 Russian peasants who had fled their lords

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16.11 Under the Ivan the Terrible,

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16.11 artisans were bound to their towns so that they could be heavily taxed

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16.12 In Peter the Great's tour of western Europe, he

answer

16.12 was notably impressed by the Dutch and English

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16.13 Peter the Great's "westernization" of Russia included the requirement that nobles

answer

16.13 [shave their beards, mix socially with men and women together, wear Western clothing, freely choose their own spouses] All of the above

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16.14 In the early 17th century, the king of England claimed

answer

16.14 kings had absolute power by divine right

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16.15 In the early 17th century, English Puritans wanted

answer

16.15 to eliminate, among other things, bishops from the Church of England

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16.16 In 1649, after the execution of Charles I, England was declared a

answer

16.16 commonwealth

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16.17 Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate is best described as a

answer

16.17 military dictatorship

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16.18 According to the English Test Act of 1673,

answer

16.18 political participation was based upon adherence to the Church of England

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16.19 Political power in the Dutch Republic was

answer

16.19 controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy merchants

question

16.20 The Dutch "golden age" was based on what?

answer

16.20 [commercial prosperity, high standard of living, ethical basis of thrift and frugality, strong monarchical government] All of the above

STUDY

AP United States History History of the Americas Military History Modern World History World History

US HISTORY UNIT 1: EXAM 2 REVIEW ( stnd 3-4) – Flashcards 50 terms

Ewan Tanner

50 terms

Preview

US HISTORY UNIT 1: EXAM 2 REVIEW ( stnd 3-4) – Flashcards

question

In the United States, the Marquis de Lafayette is best known for

answer

fighting for the United States in the American Revolution.

question

The assistance of the French was given to the American Continental Army after the battle of

answer

Saratoga

question

One of the central reasons for the military success of the United States in the American Revolution was

answer

financial and military assistance from France.

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The Treaty of Paris of 1783

answer

granted the United States independence from England.

question

The British surrendered to the Continental Army in 1781 following

answer

the Battle of Yorktown.

question

Which of these was a major philosophy expressed in the Declaration of Independence?

answer

a belief in the natural rights of citizens

question

The phrase in the Declaration of Independence stating "that governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed" illustrates the principle of

answer

the Social Contract theory.

question

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." The Declaration of Independence This quote from the Declaration of Independence is referring to the principle of

answer

limited government.

question

The significance of Thomas Paine's Common Sense was that it

answer

pointed out the absurdity of continued loyalty to King George III.

question

The Proclamation Line of 1763 runs roughly along the

answer

Appalachian Mountains.

question

Both John Locke and Thomas Jefferson wrote about the natural rights of man. In what document are these "unalienable rights" specifically mentioned?

answer

the Declaration of Independence

question

The MAIN reason why Britain's American colonies were most angered by the taxes imposed on them by Britain was because

answer

the colonists felt like they had no say in the taxation.

question

Colonial radicals formed these groups in towns through the colonies to keep the public informed about abuse of colonial rights by the British government. They were

answer

Committees of Correspondence.

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The French-Indian War (1756 - 1763) was part of a larger conflict between Britain and France called the

answer

Seven Years War.

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Britain responded to the Boston Tea Party by

answer

enacting a series of restrictive measures known as the Intolerable Acts.

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Part of the American colonists' anger towards Britain prior to the American Revolution stemmed from the fact that

answer

Britain had not enforced trade policies for a long time, and then began enforcing them to support the Seven Years' War

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One of the major philosophical principles in the Declaration of Independence was that of

answer

natural rights.

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Montesquieu is credited with devising the basic Constitutional principle of

answer

separation and balance of governmental power.

question

The Battle of Yorktown is significant in the American Revolution because

answer

the British Army surrendered after being surrounded there, marking the end of fighting in the war.

question

When this was published in early 1776, many American colonists became convinced that they should act to form a new kind of nation independent from the rule of Britain's "cruel" courts.

answer

Common Sense

question

The French-Indian/Seven Years War is often viewed by historians as being a factor in causing the American Revolution. Which of these BEST explains why this might be the case?

answer

The high cost of the war meant Parliament had to create new taxes in the American colonies.

question

The "Sons of Liberty" were formed in the 1760s primarily as a reaction to

answer

the Stamp Act.

question

John Locke's writing reflects the ideals of the Enlightenment in that

answer

men are created with equal rights and responsibilities under the law of nature.

question

John Locke's writing MOST LIKELY reflects the ideals of which movement?

answer

Enlightenment

question

The Proclamation of 1763 and the Quebec Act of 1774 BOTH helped lay the groundwork for the American Revolution because they each

answer

interfered with colonial claims to western lands.

question

In the years leading up to the American Revolution, the Committees of Correspondence were MOST important because they

answer

were the first attempt to maintain close political cooperation among all colonists.

question

As a result of the Treaty of Paris of 1763,

answer

France lost all of its possessions in North America.

question

"British victory against France in the Seven Years' War helped to cause the American Revolution." Which answer BEST explains why this quotation is true?

answer

The British increased colonial taxes in order to pay for the victory over France.

question

John Locke points to WHAT as a solver of worldly disputes?

answer

the use of reason

question

Historians often praise Thomas Jefferson for incorporating the Enlightenment into the Declaration of Independence. Which of these BEST explains why this can be said?

answer

the philosophies of John Locke and Montesquieu are used

question

Thomas Jefferson was important in the Revolutionary era because

answer

he wrote much of the Declaration of Independence.

question

"He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people and eat out their substance. He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures." -The Declaration of IndependenceIn this passage from the Declaration of Independence, the primary complaint of the colonists is centered around Parliament's passage of the

answer

Quartering Act.

question

The Declaration of Independence and the "Social Contract Theory" both arose from which philosophical movement?

answer

Enlightenment

question

"He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation" Declaration of IndependenceIn this passage, who does Thomas Jefferson make a case against when he uses the word their?

answer

the British Parliament

question

• Commander of Continental Army • Encamped troops at Valley Forge in 1777 • Lost Philadelphia to British in 1777 • Accepted British surrender at YorktownAll of these are describing the actions of what personality of the American Revolution?

answer

George Washington

question

• Believed Parliament had no power in the American Colonies • Virginia Representative at Second Continental Congress • Chosen to write the Declaration of Independence • Served in Virginia House of DelegatesAll of these describe the American Revolutionary era actions of

answer

Thomas Jefferson.

question

During the American Revolution, Thomas Jefferson's MAIN function was as a

answer

politician.

question

The Virginia Declaration of Rights was MOST influential in the creation of

answer

The Declaration of Independence.

question

Which European philosopher proposed that dividing the government into three branches would prevent any one person or group from gaining total control?

answer

Baron de Montesquieu

question

What did the ideas of John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, and Jean Jacques Rousseau have in common?

answer

The philosophies inspired the American and French revolutions.

question

Which statement best describes a political theory of John Locke?

answer

A government's power comes from the consent of the people.

question

During the American Revolution TORIES were

answer

colonists who were loyal to Great Britain.

question

Why did American colonists resent British taxes?

answer

Americans did not elect representatives to Parliament as people who lived in Great Britain did.

question

Which statement BEST describes an effect of the British policy of salutary neglect?

answer

The colonies developed an attitude for self-governing.

question

Thomas Jefferson's statement about unalienable rights would MOST likely have been influenced by the writings of

answer

John Locke

question

What idea is stated by "social contract" theory?

answer

One natural right is the right to replace leaders if they fail to lead as the people desire.

question

The outcome at Saratoga was important because

answer

it won the Americans a foreign ally.

question

• April, 1775- Americans win at Lexington & Concord • June, 1775- Americans retreat at Bunker Hill • December, 1776- Americans re-capture Trenton • September, 1777- British occupy PhiladelphiaIt is evident from these event that in the early years of the Revolutionary War

answer

that the outcome was far from decided.

question

Social Contract Theory holds that governments get their power from the people, and that if the government no longer serves the people it can be overthrown. Which of these offers the BEST example of Social Contract Theory in practice in America?

answer

The Declaration of Independence

question

The ideas contained in the Declaration of Independence were MOST influenced by

answer

the Social Contract Theory.

STUDY

Anthropology World History

World History Midterm – Flashcards 82 terms

Kael Dunlap

82 terms

Preview

World History Midterm – Flashcards

question

Q: Why was life expectancy in early cities shorter than among nomadic hunter-gatherer peoples?

answer

A: The frequency of infectious diseases increases, and people's diets could become overly dependent on carbohydrate, resulting in earlier ages at death than ere typical of hunter gatherer bands.

question

Q: Before 11,000 B.C.E., virtually all Human societies were:

answer

A: nomadic, moving incessantly in search of limited food.

question

Q: The Switch from subsistence by food gathering to food production:

answer

A: was a momentous revolution that made stable settlements possible

question

Q: The __________ culture is the earliest culture in the Middle East of which we are aware today.

answer

A: Ubaid

question

Q: Although people who produced early writing used pointed sticks, Sumerian scribes advanced writing by introducing durable reeds that:

answer

A: produced wedge-like script called cuneiform

question

Q: Slavery in Sumerian society was:

answer

A: often the result of capture during the war and was limited in some ways

question

Q: Shortly before 3000 B.C.E., people in the Near East discovered that bronze could be produced by:

answer

A: combining copper metal with arsenic or tin

question

Q: The Code of Hammurabi:

answer

A: was propagandistic in purpose

question

Q: According to historians, the Egyptian pharaohs were able to establish their claim to divinity:

answer

A: none of the above

question

Q: The great Pyramids of Giza, built in the Fourth Dynasty, were

answer

A: constructed by thousands of peasant workers who were not slaves

question

Q: The Egyptians made notable advances in:

answer

A: Measuring Time

question

Q: Imhotep, in designing the Step Pyramid, gave the world its first:

answer

A: Monument built in stone

question

Q: The Mitannians introduced lighter chariots to carry archers, but:

answer

A: their opponents soon copied them and used protective armor

question

Q: Although it was not uncommon for a woman to act as a regent for a small child in ancient Egypt, it was truly remarkable when________ declared herself to be pharaoh in her own right.

answer

A: Hatshepsut

question

Q: The system of writing developed by the citizens of Ugarit:

answer

A: used an alphabet of about thirty symbols for the consonants

question

Q: By the Late Bronze Age, international relations had changed because:

answer

A: a balance of power evolved that stabilized trade a diplomacy: leaders came to understand both that security and stability helped trade and that war and disruptive and unprofitable

question

Q: The followers of Zoroastrianism believed:

answer

A: Ahura-Mazda (truth/ light) struggling with Ahriman (evil/darkness)

question

Q: Western civilization today's looks back to ancient Greece as the epitome of the triumph of:

answer

A: reason and freedom over superstition and despotism

question

Q: Although Dark Age Greece is largely undocumented and therefore difficult to study thoroughly, it seem clear that:

answer

A: early Greeks were economically stagnant and cut off from other Near Eastern civilizations

question

Q:The Greek polis was a:

answer

A: collective group or community organized around a city

question

Q: Panhellenic Festivals in ancient Greece included:

answer

athletic contests honoring the gods

question

Q: Since every polis needed hoplites:

answer

A: Men who took part began to demand a role in politics

question

Q: A tyrant is someone who:

answer

A: seized power and rules outside a traditional constitutional framework

question

Q: Sparta:

answer

A: depended on the enslaved labor of helots

question

Q: Which sentence best describes the structure of the Spartan government circa 600 B.C.E.?

answer

A: Sparta was ruled by a citizen assembly, a council of elders, and two kings

question

Q: The decisive Greek military victory over the Persians at Salamis was won by:

answer

A: the Athenian Fleet

question

Q: A change in how people viewed the world began in the sixth century B.C.E. when some Ionian thinkers began to:

answer

A: look for natural explanations of occurrences in the world rather than to the gods and goddesses

question

Q: Drama in classical Athens was transformed when:

answer

A: Aeschylus introduced additional characters and a chorus to stage presentations in order to portray human conflict and conversation

question

Q: The growth of Athenian democracy, with its emphasis on equality between citizens, let to:

answer

A: greater inequality between men and women

question

Q: the primary source of our knowledge of the Persian Wars comes from the " Father of Knowledge":

answer

A: Herododus

question

Q: Socrates' aim was to show that:

answer

A: truth in real and absolute standards of goodness and virtue do exist

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Q: Socrates' most famous pupil was:

answer

A: Plato

question

Q: Plato's primary philosophical concern was:

answer

A: the doctrine of ideas

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Q: As outlined in The Republic, Plato's ideal form of government is best described as a/an:

answer

A: meritocracy based on intelligence

question

Q: the ruling principle for such a government as Plato envisioned was:

answer

A: the Good

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Q: Aristotle believed that:

answer

A: Forms shape matter toward specific purposes

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Q: Aristotle argued that good conduct is virtuous and that virtue resides in aiming:

answer

A: for the golden mean

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Q: Whereas Plato conceived of politics as means toward living the good life, Aristotle regarded politics as:

answer

A: an end in itself

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Q: Alexander the Great is a difficult figure for historians to evaluate because:

answer

A: so many legends grew around him during his lifetime

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Q: Alexander's troops refused to proceed any farther once they reached the:

answer

A: Indus Valley

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Q: To control his newly created empire, Alexander constructed:

answer

A: Greek-Style Cities

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Q: The great Hellenic empires of the ancient world following Alexander were the:

answer

A: Antigonid in Macedon, the Ptolomaic in Egypt, and the Seleucid in Persia

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Q: the most important cultural center in the Hellenitic world was:

answer

A: Alexandria

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Q: three philosophical schools that were prominent during the Hellenistic period were:

answer

A: Stoicism, Epicureanism, and Skepticism

question

Q: Rome was a crucial factor in the development of European civilization because:

answer

A: Rome connected Europe to the cultural heritage of the near east

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Q: During the early Rome Republic, Rome:

answer

A: expanded slowly and extended the Latin Right to many of the cities it conquered

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Q: The greatest honor a Roman could hope to achieve was to:

answer

A: sacrifice himself, his family, and his friends for the state

question

Q: Once the Romans had effectively gained control of Italy (265 B.C.E.) they:

answer

A: started a series of wars for the controls of the western Mediterranean

question

Q: Roman slavery differed from slavery in other ancient civilizations in that it:

answer

A: was far more impersonal and brutish

question

Q: The greatest Roman Stoic, Cicero, believed that:

answer

A: virtue leads to happiness, and peace of mind is the highest goal

question

Q: Following the end of the Punic Wars, there was a period of great turmoil and strife, including a slave revolt that lasted for two years and threatened the stability of the Republic itself. The slaves were led by the gladiator named:

answer

A: Spartacus

question

Q: Rome created the position of dictator to allow a single individual to deal with any emergency for a maximum of six months; one individual,________, had the senate elect him dictator for life.

answer

A: Caesar

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Q: Those who ruled Rome from 96 to 180 C.E. were called the Five Good Emperors because they:

answer

A: were capable administrators who governed successfully

question

Q: Pax Romana refers to:

answer

A: Romans' success in keeping order around the Mediterranean

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Q: Rome declined and fell because:

answer

A: none of the above

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Q: When high culture is watered down for a wider public, the process is called:

answer

A: vulgarization

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Q: The differences between the eastern and western parts of the Roman Empire:

answer

A: in culture, economy, and language were great and grew larger over time

question

Q: The Dead Sea Scrolls have helped historians understand the religious climate of the first century C.E. by:

answer

A: demonstrating the diversity of Jewish religious practice and belief

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Q: The Gospel accounts of Jesus' life:

answer

A: were probably written between 70 and 100 C.E.

question

Q: Once Constantine I and his successors converted to Christianity:

answer

A: it gained power and was designated the only official religion by Theodosius

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Q: What were the general results of the doctrinal quarrel of the early centuries?

answer

A: the dogmas of the Christian Church gradually became fixed

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Q: Why did Justinian's reconquest of the western Roman Empire fail?

answer

A: The costs associated with conquering and defending the vast western empire was too great

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Q: The role of women in the early Christian church was:

answer

A: extremely limited: not unlike Judaism of the time

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Q: Byzantine civilization contributed a great deal to Western art as evidence by:

answer

A: St. Mark's in Venice

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Q: The Hijrah ( Hegira) refers to the prophet Muhammad's move from:

answer

A: Mecca to Medina

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Q: The word Islam means:

answer

A: submission

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Q: In their worship of allah, Muslims worship:

answer

A: the same omnipotent deity by Christians and Jews

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Q: The Shi'ite party arose among Muslims because:

answer

A: of a dispute about the proper succession of caliphs in seventh-century Arabia

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Q: Compared to medieval Europe in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, the Islamic world was:

answer

A: more advanced in technological sophistication, science, and philosophy

question

Q: The Vikings, whose name means_________, played a significant role in the development of Europe in the ninth through the eleventh centuries through raids and settlements they established

answer

A: robbers

question

Q: The population of Europe roughly tripled from 1000 to 1300, and as a result cities grew to populations of:

answer

A: 100,000

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Q: The two fundamental factors driving the economy of Europe on the High Middle Ages were:

answer

A: populations growth and an increasingly efficient market foe goods

question

Q: Serfs were treated like slave in parts of medieval Europe with the following major exception: unlike slavery:

answer

A: serfs could not be sold apart from their historical lands

question

Q: During the High Middles Ages, fields were rotated over a__________ cycle to increase overall agricultural production 50 to 67 percent.

answer

A: three-year

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Q: During the eleventh century, the most spectacular developments in long-distance trade took place in:

answer

A: nothern Italy

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Q: Medieval guilds generally worked:

answer

A: to preserve their monopolies and limit competition

question

Q: The expansion of the Byzantine Empire during the tenth and early eleventh centuries was assisted by:

answer

A: Christian missionary activity in Russia and the Balkans

question

Q: Which of the following was NOT a goal Pope Urban II expressed for the First Crusade? He aimed to:

answer

A: sly Christ's enemies wherever they could be found, especially Jews and Muslims

question

Q: Pope Urban II, in his speech at Clermont, asked Christians in Europe to:

answer

A: destroy the Muslims who were in the lands formerly held by Byzantium

question

Q: The First Crusade

answer

A: weakened Byzantine control over trade in the eastern Mediterranean

question

Q: During the Fourth Crusade of 1201-1204, the Venetian navy:

answer

A: sacked Constantinople and returned with an enormous booty

question

Q: The direct consequence(s) of the crusades was/ were

answer

A: all of the above

STUDY

AP World History World History

Test Answers on Chapter 5 Multiple Choice – Flashcards 20 terms

Thomas Owen

20 terms

Preview

Test Answers on Chapter 5 Multiple Choice – Flashcards

question

By exalting the legendary sage kings (Yao, Shun, and Yu) as exemplars of virtue, Chinese moralists promoted the values of A) hunting and gathering. B) military aggression and masculinity. C) social harmony, selflessness, and hard work. D) matriarchy and the home. E) None of these answers is correct.

answer

C) social harmony, selflessness, and hard work.

question

The Yellow River earned its nickname "China's Sorrow" because A) it was a turbulent river. B) its frequent floods were very destructive to agricultural society. C) it carried a heavy load of loess. D) it was a common place for people to commit suicide. E) None of these answers is correct.

answer

B) its frequent floods were very destructive to agricultural society.

question

In Yangshao society (5000-3000 B.C.E.), the people A) had fine pottery and used bone tools. B) cultivated rice through irrigation. C) began to use bronze tools. D) formed the first dynasty in Chinese history. E) None of these answers is correct.

answer

A) had fine pottery and used bone tools.

question

Many scholars believe that the dynasty of China, Xia, was not a mere legend but a real state, because A) Erlitou, the capital of Xia, has been excavated. B) the oracle bones of Shang mentioned the Xia kings. C) Chinese writing has been traced back that far. D) the Chinese legends associated the founder of Xia with flood control. E) All these answers are correct.

answer

D) the Chinese legends associated the founder of Xia with flood control.

question

The Shang rulers monopolized bronze technology for the purpose of A) making superior weapons against potential competitors. B) distributing bronze tools among the farmers. C) preventing the proliferation of weapons. D) making works of art. E) All these answers are correct.

answer

A) making superior weapons against potential competitors.

question

Which of the following were NOT found in the Shang tomb of Fu Hao? A) thousands of cowrie shells B) sacrificial humans and dogs C) jade figurines of servants D) iron weapons E) bronzes and bone carvings

answer

D) iron weapons

question

According to Zhou political theory, the Zhou king overthrew the Shang dynasty because A) the Shang lost the mandate of heaven. B) the subjects of Shang shifted their loyalty to Zhou. C) the last Shang king was a criminal fool. D) the Zhou was a much larger state than the Shang. E) None of these answers is correct.

answer

A) the Shang lost the mandate of heaven.

question

The Chinese king was called the "son of heaven" and served as A) a ruler who could not be challenged. B) a link between heaven and earth. C) a figure-head without true governing power. D) the living son of the First Emperor. E) None of these answers is correct.

answer

B) a link between heaven and earth.

question

To rule an extensive territory without advanced transportation and communication technology, Zhou rulers relied on decentralized administration, which meant that A) they entrusted power to locally elected authorities. B) they entrusted their subordinates to rule the regions of their kingdom. C) they divided powers into three parts: legislative, judicial, and administrative. D) the local authorities did not have to collect taxes or tribute. E) None of these answers is correct.

answer

B) they entrusted their subordinates to rule the regions of their kingdom.

question

The Zhou central government was unable to monopolize the production of iron because A) iron ore was too cheap and abundant. B) iron weapons were of such poor quality that no one really wanted them. C) the Zhou rulers spent too much money on bronze weaponry. D) the production of iron was kept a secret. E) None of these answers is correct.

answer

A) iron ore was too cheap and abundant.

question

All of the following were social classes of Xia, Shang, and Zhou, EXCEPT A) hereditary aristocrats. B) scholars and bureaucrats. C) craftsmen and merchants. D) peasants and slaves. E) priests and monks.

answer

E) priests and monks.

question

The tradition of venerating ancestors was firmly established during the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. According to this tradition, A) one must treat the ancestors as gods or deities. B) one worshipped the departed ancestors for protection and good fortune. C) one only venerated those ancestors who performed good deeds for the family. D) one worshipped the emperor as the incarnation of one's ancestors. E) All these answers are correct.

answer

B) one worshipped the departed ancestors for protection and good fortune.

question

In practice, the veneration of ancestors reinforced the authority of the patriarchal head of the family because A) only male ancestors were the subjects of worship. B) female members of the family did not participate in honoring ancestors. C) it was the patriarch who presided over the rites honoring ancestors. D) only male ancestors were reincarnated. E) All these answers are correct.

answer

C) it was the patriarch who presided over the rites honoring ancestors.

question

During the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, China experienced a shift from a matrilineal society to a patrilineal society. This shift was caused by A) settled agriculture. B) the rise of large states. C) bronze metallurgy. D) the appearance of writing. E) None of these answers is correct.

answer

B) the rise of large states.

question

During the early dynasties, Chinese diviners used oracle bones A) as objects of art. B) as drugs to cure people's diseases. C) to record manuals of etiquette. D) to predict the future and answer questions. E) None of these answers is correct.

answer

D) to predict the future and answer questions.

question

From Shang times until today, Chinese writing is primarily A) ideographic. B) pictographic. C) phonetic. D) untranslated. E) None of these answers is correct.

answer

A) ideographic.

question

Which of the following was NOT among Zhou literature? A) poetry B) manuals of divination and ritual C) books of etiquette D) books of religious teaching E) political histories

answer

D) books of religious teaching

question

The nomadic peoples to the north and west of China did not imitate Chinese ways because A) they did not speak Chinese. B) the grassy steppe lands were not suitable for agriculture or permanent settlement. C) the Chinese were their enemies. D) they had little exposure to Chinese society. E) None of these answers is correct.

answer

B) the grassy steppe lands were not suitable for agriculture or permanent settlement.

question

During the Zhou dynasty, China expanded into the Yangzi River valley primarily through A) military conquest and colonization. B) migration and assimilation. C) interracial marriage. D) sending missionaries to convert the Yangzi River valley peoples. E) All these answers are correct.

answer

B) migration and assimilation.

question

The state of Chu A) was an autonomous state to the south of the Zhou state. B) refused to accept Chinese traditions and the Chinese writing system. C) established a society radically different from that of north China. D) conquered the Zhou, ending the dynasty. E) None of these answers is correct.

answer

A) was an autonomous state to the south of the Zhou state.

STUDY

Ancient History AP World History Human Anatomy And Physiology 1 Warring States Period World History

AP Human Geography China – Flashcards 50 terms

Chloe Barnes

50 terms

Preview

AP Human Geography China – Flashcards

question

China compared to India and the ancient Middle East

answer

had little contact with people in Eurasia

question

The first Chinese Dynasty to have writing, cities, and metalworking was

answer

Shang

question

The dominant type of soil in the Yellow River basin is loess, best defined as

answer

loose, wind driven soil easy to till

question

What was the predominant agricultural activity in the Yangzi river basin

answer

rice farming

question

Agriculture has been practiced in China since about

answer

10,000 B.C.E.

question

Of the several Neolithic regional cultures that emerged the pottery of the northwest can be described as

answer

red with black decorations

question

Neolithic cultures in China King to share many customs of how to treat the dead including

answer

the use of coffins and burials

question

Anyang was

answer

the seat of Shang government for more than 2 centuries

question

Palaces, temples, and altars in Anyang were built

answer

rammed earth foundations

question

Why were many of the homes at Anyang built partly below the ground

answer

to conserve heat

question

Texts found in Shang Royal tombs at Anyang show that Shang kings were

answer

warriors

question

One of the most important sources of the Shane came as well was from the sale of slaves who were often

answer

war captives

question

Shing Warriors used weapons made of

answer

bronze

question

Beginning in 1200 B.C.E. what new technology entered China

answer

chariots

question

The Shang king

answer

Serves as high priest

question

Underground tombs built for Shang kings

answer

revealed the practice of human sacrifice

question

Those people who volunteered to be buried with deceased kings and consorts usually had what with them

answer

grave goods

question

Most Shang farmers used tools made of

answer

stone

question

One new crop introduced in China from West Asia during the Shang period was

answer

wheat

question

The development of more complex forms of social organization in Shang China coincided with the mastery of

answer

metalworking

question

The majority of recovered bronze objects from the Shang dynasty are

answer

rituals vessels

question

The predominant images on Shang bronze decorations are

answer

wild animals

question

In the images found on Shang bronzes, the cicada might represent

answer

rebirth in the spiritual realm

question

In Shang culture, the taotie was a

answer

stylized animal face image

question

In 1986, in the western province of Sichuan, archaeologists discovered a culture contemporary with the Shang that also produced

answer

bronze

question

There is clear evidence of Chinese writing by 1200 bce, in what kind of text?

answer

divination

question

The written Chinese language

answer

Was a major ally of power and rule

question

In the Chinese logographic system of writing

answer

each word was represented by a single symbol

question

Communication between China, Vietnam, and Japan was facilitated by the use of

answer

the same written characters

question

One of the enemies of the Shang, the Qiang, probably spoke an early version of which language?

answer

Tibetan

question

The Zhou rose up and overthrew the Shang in about

answer

1050 B.C.E.

question

The Zhou sacrificed to their ancestors as the Shang had done, and also to

answer

Heaven

question

A ruler retains the mandate of heaven as long as he

answer

rules in the best interest of the people

question

The Zhou mandate of heaven theory might have been created to

answer

win over the conquered Shang

question

In order to rule their newly conquered kingdom, the Zhou kings relied upon

answer

loyal family members and others appointed as territorial lords

question

In 771 bce, a Zhou king was killed, replaced by his son, and the capital moved to

answer

Luoyang

question

What is the best definition of Shi in relation to Zhou society

answer

Lower ranking aristocrats

question

Social ties were forged and maintained in Zhou society by performing what kind of rituals?

answer

sacrifices to ancestors

question

The best source for understanding everyday life at various social levels in the early Zhou is

answer

the Book of Songs

question

What is the best definition of the term concubine in relation to Zhou China

answer

legal spouses who ranked lower than the wife

question

Hiers to the Zhou king were

answer

whichever son the king chose

question

Economic expansion in the early Zhou period was promoted by the development of

answer

iron technology

question

One Shang religious practice that became less common in the Zhou period

answer

Burying the living with the dead

question

One of the areas in which the Chu state challenged the authority of the Zhou was

answer

religion

question

Around 350 bce, Chinese military technology developed the

answer

crossbow

question

Around 350 bce, Chinese soldiers began wearing armor that was largely made from

answer

leather

question

The need for a chariot-riding aristocracy was ended by the introduction of

answer

cavalry

question

During the Warring States Era, China was the first culture to use what kind of names?

answer

family names

question

In the Art of War, master Sun argued that

answer

orders by commanders must be followed without question

question

How did the seven states that emerged out of the Warring States Era compare with the Zhou state

answer

they were more centralized than the Zhou

STUDY

World History

Ch. 12: Renaissance – Flashcards 100 terms

Alexander Rose

100 terms

Preview

Ch. 12: Renaissance – Flashcards

question

Renaissance

answer

The rebirth of Classic culture from the Black Death. The main contributor to this time period was the Greco-Roman culture. This was a time of trade and the arts.

question

Jacob Burckhardt

answer

A Swiss historian, who came up with the concept of the Renaissance. In 1860, he wrote the book 'The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy'. He believed in secularized ideas and the power of the individual.

question

Leon Battista Alberti

answer

A Florence architect once said, "Men can do all things if they will." He was reviving the idea of individuality, and the idea that anyone was capable of achieving whatever their heart desired with hard work and determination. This was called l'uomo universale, meaning that someone was capable of achieving from many areas in life.

question

Hanseatic League

answer

In the 13th century by Northern German Coastal towns. The League was involved with the Venetian Flanders Fleet from Venice to England and to the Netherlands. They were very powerful, and completely overpowered Italian trade.

question

House of Medici

answer

The greatest bank in Europe during the 15th century. The bank was located in Florence, Italy, and as run by the Medici family. The bank once prosperous spread out to Venice, Milan, Rome, Avignon, Bruges, London and Lyons. They were the principal bankers of the papacy, and had control of other industries.

question

Castiglione's Book of the Courtier

answer

In 1528 the book was created. It was the basic guideline to being a successful aristocrat otherwise known as a noble. The guidelines consisted of explaining the person must have achieved a lot, have grace, be noble since birth, talented, and a great character.

question

condottieri

answer

Military leaders hired by the states that wanted the best of the best. The Papacy and the Italian City-States often hired them, and many times when the war was over they would betray the one's they had fought for. They only did the job to gain wealth and power. They were professionals who showed no mercy to anyone.

question

Francesco Sforza

answer

The best and most famous condottieri there was during 1447. He became the new duke in replace of Visconti. He had betrayed his own people on his way to power. He was feared due to the amount of power he had, and also considering the fact he conquered mot of Northern Italy as well.

question

Cosimo de'Medici

answer

In 1434, Florence had been ruled by a small merchant oligarchy similar to the republican government. Florence had been the center of the Cultural Renaissance, and the Medici family had made strong political allies. They had ruled "behind the curtain".

question

the Papal States

answer

Located in the center of Italy. Before all the complications with the Pope the states were run only by him. Most states then became independent because of all the losses and tragedies. In the 15th century the Pope wanted to regain power. Thee individual states wee Urbino, Bologna and Ferrara, and they solely wanted freedom from the papacy's rule.

question

Isabella d'Este

answer

The most famous woman(one of many) during the Renaissance. She was the daughter of the Duke of Ferrara, and had married Francesco Gonzaga marquis of Mantua. She was often known as "the first lady of the world" because she had the ability and intelligence to gather the best artists and intellectuals. She was also in charge of creating the most finest libraries in Italy. Once her husband died she ruled Mantua, and became known as a clever negotiator.

question

Peace of Lodi and balance of power

answer

In 1454 the Italian States signed the document, and that ended a half a century war. Then there was a 40 era of peace in Italy. Milan, Florence, and Naples formed an alliance, and went against Venice and the Papacy. In the end it ended with Italy being conquered, and no peace at all.

question

1527 sack of Rome

answer

In 1527 the Spanish armies along with King Charles I, and brought temporary control to Italy(then fully conquered it). There were few alliances that formed against them. Many Italians remained loyal to their state, and Italy was not unified until 1870.

question

Machiavelli's The Prince

answer

Created in the 16th century by Niccolo Machiavelli. It was made to describe the aims of princes (how a prince should rule) such as survival and glory.

question

civic humanism

answer

Civic Humanism is the modern term for moral, social, and political philosophy that became popular in Italy, specifically Florence

question

Petrarch

answer

Francesco Petrarch was an Italian scholar and poet in Renaissance Italy. He was one of the earliest humanists. He is called "The Father of Humanism" because of his lyrical poetry and being the first to develop the concept of the "Dark Ages".He greatly influenced the values of the Renaissance.

question

Leonardo Bruni's The New Cicero

answer

The New Cicero is written in Latin and demonstrates a high quality of sophistication. It reveals the workings of how a person can gain mature intelligence through participation in and out of the state.

question

Lorenzo Valla

answer

Italian Humanist who is known for his analysis that proved the Donation of Constantine was a fraud. He exposed historical hoaxes.

question

Marsilio Ficino and neoplatonism

answer

Italian Scholar and Catholic Priest and the most influential humanist philosophers of the early Italian Renaissance. He was an astronomer too, who discovered Neoplatonism which is the term to appoint a tradition of philosophy influenced by Plato. They described reality as "The One" (beyond knowledge)

question

Renaissance hermeticism

answer

.A religious and philosophical tradition based on writing attributed to Hermes Trismegistus. Ot is described as a path of spiritual growth. Spritual gowth cannot be achieved without human effort. The .Universe is the Divine

question

Pico della Mirandola's Oration

answer

Called the Manifesto of the Renaissance. He talks about humans being a microcosm and being the most wonderful of all creations because they can reason and be close to God, as Pico said those qualities can be found among the angels .

question

"liberal studies"

answer

Liberal arts designated the arts suitable to free men. They had seven branches of learning; trivium of grammar, logic, rhetoric, quadrivium of arithmetic, astronomy, ,music, and geometry. The study of Trivium led to a Bachelors degree. The quadrivium lead to a Masters.

question

Francesco Guicciardini

answer

Friend of Niccolo Machiavelli. He was considered one of the major political writers of the Italian Renaissance. In his book, 'The History of Italy',he wanted a new historiography and proved himself right with his use of government sources to support his arguments and an analysis of the people in his time. He wrote it for the public, not for himself.

question

Johannes Gutenberg

answer

He introduced printing in Europe. His introduction of the movable type printing created a Printing Revolution. It is regarded as the second most important invention of the time. It played a key role in the Renaissance, Age of Enlightenment, Reformation, and the Scientific Revolution,. It also helped spread learning to the masses. (Summary: Printable Press and Movable Type)

question

Masaccio

answer

Great Italian Painter of the Quattrocento period of the Renaissance. His skill of recreating lifelike movements and figures in three dimension earned him the title as best painter. He was one of the first to use linear perspective and vanishing point in his paintings. His paintings had a greater realism to them.

question

Lorenzo the Magnificent

answer

Italian statesman and most powerful of the patrons of the Renaissance. He is well known for sponsoring Botticelli and Michelangelo as a contribution to the art world.

question

Botticelli's Primavera

answer

1482,a group of mythological figures in a garden, is allegorical for the lush growth of Spring.The painting features six female figures and two male, along with a blindfolded putto, in an orange grove.

question

Donatello's David

answer

The story of David and Goliath comes from 1 Samuel 17. The Israelites are fighting the Philistines, whose best warrior - Goliath - repeatedly offers to meet the Israelites' best warrior in man-to-man combat to decide the whole battle. he goes out with his sling, and confronts the enemy. He hits Goliath in the head with a stone, knocking the giant down, and then grabs Goliath's sword and cuts off his head.

question

Brunelleschi's dome

answer

In 1418 the town fathers of Florence finally addressed a monumental problem they'd been ignoring for decades: the enormous hole in the roof of their cathedral. in 1418 the worried Florentine fathers announced a contest for the ideal dome design, with a handsome prize of 200 gold florins—and a shot at eternal fame—for the winner. Brunelleschi's mysterious design piqued their imagination—perhaps because they already knew this buffoon and babbler to be a genius

question

High Renaissance

answer

the period denoting the apogee of the visual arts in the Italian Renaissance.Over the last twenty years, use of the term has been frequently criticized by academic art historians for oversimplifying artistic developments, ignoring historical context, and focusing only on a few iconic works.

question

Leonardo da Vinci

answer

Born on April 15, 1452.At the age of 20, da Vinci qualified for membership as a master artist in Florence's Guild of Saint Luke and established his own workshop.After leaving Verrocchio's studio, da Vinci received his first independent commission in 1478 for an altarpiece to reside in a chapel inside Florence's Palazzo Vecchio. (The Last Super and Mona Lisa)

question

Raphael

answer

An Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur.Many of his works are found in the Vatican Palace, where the frescoed Raphael Rooms were the central, and the largest, work of his career. The best known work is The School of Athens in the Vatican Stanza della Segnatura

question

Michelangelo

answer

An Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer of the High Renaissance who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.Two of his best-known works, the Pietà and David, were sculpted before the age of thirty. Despite his low opinion of painting, Michelangelo also created two of the most influential frescoes in the history of Western art: the scenes from Genesis on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome, and The Last Judgment on its altar wall.

question

Sistine Chapel's David

answer

Painted by Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512, is a cornerstone work of High Renaissance art. It was painted at the commission of Pope Julius II. The chapel is the location for papal conclaves and many important services.The ceiling's various painted elements form part of a larger scheme of decoration within the Chapel, which includes the large fresco The Last Judgment on the sanctuary wall.

question

Bramante and Saint Peter's

answer

Pope Julius II commissioned Bramante to build a new basilica—this involved demolishing the Old St Peter's Basilica that had been erected by Constantine in the 4th century.The basilica, with its long axis that focuses attention on the altar, has been the most popular type of church plan because of its practicality.

question

Giorgio Vasari's Lives of the Artists

answer

An Italian painter, architect, writer, and historian, most famous today for his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, considered the ideological foundation of art-historical writing.In 1529, he visited Rome where he studied the works of Raphael and other artists of the Roman High Renaissance.He also renovated the medieval churches of Santa Maria Novella and Santa Croce.

question

Northern Renaissance

answer

Before 1497, Italian Renaissance humanism had little influence outside Italy. From the late 15th century, its ideas spread around Europe.In France, King Francis I imported Italian art, commissioned Venetian artists (including Leonardo da Vinci), and built grand palaces at great expense, starting the French Renaissance.

question

Jan van Eyck

answer

An Early Netherlandish painter active in Bruges and one of the most significant Northern Renaissance artists of the 15th century. Van Eyck painted both secular and religious subject matter, including commissioned portraits, donor portraits and both large and portable altarpieces.

question

Albrecht Durer

answer

A painter, print maker and theorist of the German Renaissance. His vast body of work includes engravings, his preferred technique in his later prints, altarpieces, portraits and self-portraits, watercolors and books. The woodcuts, such as the Apocalypse series (1498), retain a more Gothic flavor than the rest of his work.

question

madrigals

answer

Julianna

question

"new monarchies"

answer

...

question

Louis XI the Spider and Henry VII

answer

...

question

Ferdinand and Isabella

answer

...

question

Spanish Inquisition

answer

...

question

the Habsburgs

answer

...

question

Ivan III

answer

...

question

Constantinople and 1453

answer

...

question

John Wyclif and John Hus

answer

...

question

Pius II's Execrabilis

answer

...

question

Renaissance popes

answer

Julianna

question

ALISSA The Italian Renaissance was primarily

answer

a recovery or rebirth of antiquity and Greco-Roman culture.

question

The word "Renaissance" means

answer

rebirth.

question

The wealth of the northern Italian cities that funded the Renaissance was gained mostly from

answer

trade.

question

According to Jacob Burckhardt, the Renaissance in Italy represented

answer

a distinct break from the Middle Ages and the true birth of the modern world.

question

The family of merchants and bankers who dominated Florence during the high point of the Renaissance was the

answer

Medici.

question

What was the commercial and military league set up off the north coast of Germany?

answer

Hanseatic League

question

Two key areas of Renaissance technological innovation were

answer

optical instruments and lens grinding.

question

The author of the Book of the Courtier, a handbook on courtly manners, was

answer

Baldassare Castiglione.

question

Castiglione's The Courtier was a

answer

very popular handbook laying out the new skills in politics, the arts, and personal comportment expected of Renaissance aristocrats.

question

The achievements of the Italian Renaissance were the products of

answer

an elite movement, involving small numbers of wealthy patrons, artists, and intellectuals.

question

The aristocracy of the sixteenth century was

answer

to dominate society as it had done in the Middle Ages. largely surpassed by the upcoming merchant class. still powerful, but with little new blood to keep it vital

question

Banquets during the Renaissance

answer

were used to express wealth and power of an aristocratic family.

question

The Third Estate of the fifteenth century was

answer

overwhelmingly made up of peasants.

question

Western Europe in the Renaissance saw

answer

decline in serfdom.

question

Slavery in Renaissance Italy

answer

saw slaves from Africa and the eastern Mediterranean used mostly as courtly domestic servants and as skilled workers.

question

The reintroduction of slavery in the fourteenth century occurred largely as a result of

answer

the shortage of labor created by the Black Death.

question

Which of the following statements best describes marriage in Renaissance Italy?

answer

Marriages were usually arranged, to strengthen familial alliances.

question

Marriages in Renaissance Italy

answer

economic necessity of life involving complicated family negotiations.

question

By the fifteenth century, Italy was

answer

dominated by five major regional independent powers.

question

Perhaps the most famous of Italian ruling woman was

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Isabella d'Este.

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Federigo da Montefeltro of Urbino was

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an example of a skilled, intelligent, independent Italian warrior prince.

question

The Peace of Lodi served to

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maintain peace between the Italian states for 40 years.

question

Machiavelli's The Prince advocates that a successful ruler must

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act without scruples for the good of the state.

question

Italian Renaissance humanism in the early fifteenth century, above all else

answer

was based on the study of the Greco-Roman classics.

question

In the late fifteenth century, Italy became a battleground for the competing interests of

answer

Spain and France.

question

Who said, ''Christ is my God; Cicero is the prince of the language.''

answer

Petrarch.

question

The Corpus Hermeticum

answer

contained writings on the occult as well as theological and philosophical speculations.

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Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man stated that humans

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could be whatever they chose or willed.

question

A subject of particular interest to fifteenth-century humanists was

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the Greek language.

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The liberal education taught by Vittorino da Feltre

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contained as its primary goal the creation of well-rounded, virtuous and ethical citizens.

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In Concerning Character, Pietro Paolo Vergerio argued that liberal studies led to

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true freedom.

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Humanism's main effect on the writing of history was

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the secularization of historiography and the explanation of change over time.

question

Johannes Gutenberg was a key developer of

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the movable type printing press.

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The development of printing in the fifteenth century

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ensured that literacy and new knowledge would spread rapidly in European society.

question

Italian artists in the fifteenth century began to

answer

experiment in areas of perspective.

question

Which pair of artists both sculpted a likeness of David?

answer

Donatello and Michelangelo.

question

The Renaissance figure in the following list who was not a leading painter was

answer

Petrarch

question

The painter of the Rome's Sistine Chapel ceiling was

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Michelangelo.

question

Who painted "The Last Supper"?

answer

Leonardo

question

JULIANNA Which of the following is NOT true of Northern Renaissance artists?

answer

They had less mastery of the laws of perspective than many Italian painters.

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The "new monarchs" of the late fifteenth century in Europe

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a. continued the trend toward decentralization. b. were focused upon the acquisition and expansion of power. c. attempted to build up the nobility for support. d. accepted the domination of the church as a matter of course. e. were generally illiterate.

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The results of the Hundred Years' War

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a. reinvigorated and strengthened the French monarchy. b. caused economic turmoil in England. c. temporarily strengthened the nobility in England. d. a and b e. all of the above

question

The Renaissance papacy

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a. was exemplified by the "spartan" and humble existence of Leo X. b. saw popes build legal familial dynasties over several generations to maintain power. c. was little concerned with war and politics, as shown by Julius II. d. was often seen as corrupt and debauched, as evidenced by Alexander VI. e. gave little support to the arts

question

Under Ferdinand and Isabella, Spain

answer

a. became increasingly corrupt and inefficient. b. saw society become more secular. c. saw Muslim power vanish from the peninsula. d. had little remaining dissension and was thoroughly unified. e. lost its independence to the Valois dynasty of France.

question

The Renaissance popes did all of the following except

answer

a. patronize Renaissance culture. b. participate in temporal authority at the expense of their spiritual responsibilities. c. attempt to return to the papacy to more humble times. d. combat church councils. e. involved themselves in politics and war.

question

All of the following monarchs were successful in continuing the centralization of their "new monarchies" except

answer

a. Maximilian I of the Holy Roman Empire. b. Henry VII of England. c. Ferdinand of Aragon in Spain. d. Louis XI the Spider of France. e. Isabella of Castile.

question

John Wyclif criticized the Church for

answer

a. wasting money on expensive cathedrals. b. discriminating against women. c. not letting people read the Bible in the vernacular. d. discriminating against Muslims and Jews. e. having a pope.

question

After 1438, the position of the Holy Roman Emperor remained in the hands of the

answer

a. Sforza family. b. Medici family. c. pope. d. Habsburg dynasty. e. Hohenzollern dynasty.

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The Ottoman Turkish sultan who captured Constantinople in 1453 was

answer

a. Ali. b. Murad III. c. Lazar I. d. Mehmet II. e. Ibrahim Pasha.

question

JULIANNA The Byzantine Empire was finally destroyed in 1453 by the

answer

Ottoman Turks.

STUDY

AP United States History AP World History Aztec Comedy And Tragedy History of the Americas Old Three Hundred Politics And Government World History

Maya, Aztec, Inca – Flashcards 40 terms

Ben Stevenson

40 terms

Preview

Maya, Aztec, Inca – Flashcards

question

Identify the first major metropolis in Mesoamerica

answer

Teotihuacan

question

Discuss key characteristics about Teotihuacan

answer

It was the first major metropolis in Mesoamerica. Capital of an early kingdom about 30 miles northeast of Mexico City that arose around the third century BCE. Along the main thoroughfare were temples and palaces.Living in the fertile Valley of Mexico, an upland plateau, the inhabitants of Teotihuacan probably obtained the bulk of their wealth from agriculture.

question

Identify the approximate date that sees the decline of the Maya

answer

Sometime in the eighth or ninth century

question

Explain what a chinampa

answer

Swampy islands crisscrossed by canals that provided water for their crops and easy transportation to local markets for their excess produce.

question

Identify the location of Mayan development

answer

Far to the east of the Valley of Mexico, another major civilization had taken form in the Yucatan peninsula. This civilization was the Maya, which was older and just as sophisticated as the society at Teotihuacan.

question

Identify the two commodities that enabled the Maya to develop trade relations with other civilizations

answer

Since the area was a source for cacao trees and obsidian, the inhabitants soon developed relations with other early civilizations in the region. Cacao trees were the source of chocolate, which was used as a beverage by the upper classes, while cocoa beans, the fruit, were used as currency in markets throughout the region. NEED SECOND COMMODITY

question

Explain the purpose of the sacred ball court in Mayan society

answer

A rectangular space surrounded by vertical walls with metal rings through which the contestants attempted to drive a hard rubber ball. Although the rules of the game are only imperfectly understood, it apparently had religious significance, and the vanquished players were sacrificed in the ceremonies held after the close of the game.

question

Discuss the similarities and differences in the Mayan and Aztec civilizations

answer

In some ways, Mayan culture was more advanced than the later Aztec civilization in the Valley of Mexico. The Mayan writing system was much more sophisticated than the relatively primitive system used by the Aztecs.

question

Explain the regional political structure of the Aztec Empire

answer

Like all great empires in ancient times, the Aztec state was authoritarian. Power was vested in the monarch, whose authority had both a divine and a secular character. The Aztec ruler claimed descent from the gods and served as an intermediary between the material and the metaphysical worlds. Once placed on the throne, the Aztec ruler was advised by a mall council of lords, headed by a prime minister who served as the chief executive of the government, and a bureaucracy. Beyond the capital, the power of central government was limited. Rulers of territories subject to the Aztecs were allowed considerable autonomy in return for paying tribute, in the form of goods or captives, to the central government. The most important government officials in the provinces were the tax collectors, who collected the tribute.

question

Identify the name of the Aztec capital

answer

Tenochtitlan

question

Identify the name of the Aztec God of the Sun and patron of Tenochtitlan

answer

Huitzilopochtli

question

Explain the social structure of Aztec society

answer

Positions in the government bureaucracy were the exclusive privilege of the hereditary nobility. The remainder of the population consisted of commoners, indentured workers, and slaves. Slavery was not an inherited status and the children of slaves were considered free citizens. The vast majority of the population were commoners.

question

Explain the name and purpose of Aztec kinship groups

answer

All commoners were members of large kinship groups called calpullis. Each calpullis, often consisted of as many as a thousand members, was headed by an elected chief. Each calpulli was responsible for providing taxes and conscript labor to the state.

question

Discuss the major characteristics of Aztec kinship groups

answer

Each calpulli maintained its own temples and schools and administered the land held by the community. Farmland within was held in common and could not be sold. In the cities, each calpulli, occupied a separate neighborhood, where its members often performed a particular function. The calpulli compounds themselves were divided into smaller family units.

question

Discuss gender roles in the Aztec culture

answer

Gender roles within the family were rigidly stratified. Male children were trained in war and were expected to serve in the army on reaching adulthood. Women were expected to work in the home, weave textiles, and raise children, although like their brothers they were permitted to enter the priesthood. Although women in Aztec society enjoyed more legal rights that women in some traditional Old World civilizations, they were still not equal to men.

question

Identify which God retained a higher level of recognition in Aztec culture due to its tenth century departure from the Valley of Mexico and promised future victorious return

answer

Quetzalcoatl

question

Explain the key characteristics of sacrifice in Aztec religion

answer

Victims were prepared for the ceremony through elaborate rituals and then brought to the holy shrine, where their hearts were ripped out of their chests and presented to the gods as a holy offering. It was an honor to be chosen for the sacrifice.

question

Explain the purpose of the human sacrifices practiced by the Aztecs

answer

The Aztecs believed that by appeasing the sun god, Huitzilopochtli, with sacrifices, they could delay the final destruction of their world.

question

Identify the location of the Pyramid of the Sun

answer

Teotihuacan

question

Identify the Spanish conquistador responsible for the demise of the Aztecs

answer

Hernan Cortes

question

Explain the reasons for the downfall of the Aztecs

answer

In 1519, a Spanish expedition under the command of Hernan Cortes landed at Veracruz, on the Gulf of Mexico. Monarch Moctezuma Xocoyotizin (Montezuma) initially believed his visitor was a representative of Quetzalcoatl, a god-like "feathered serpent". Tensions soon erupted between the Spaniards and the Aztecs, provoked in part by demands by Cortes that the Aztecs denounce their native beliefs and accept Christianity. When the Spanish took Moctezuma hostage and began to destroy Aztec religious shrines, the population revolted and kicked him out of their city. Receiving assistance from the state of Tlaxcallan, Cortes managed to fight his way back into the city. The Aztecs were beginning to suffer the first effects of the diseases brought by the Europeans; it would eventually wipe out a majority of the local population. In a battle that seemed to symbolize the dying of the legendary fifth sun, according to the Aztecs, the Aztecs were soon vanquished.

question

Explain the reasons for the decline of the Mayans

answer

Sometime in the 8th or 9th century, the classical Mayan civilization in central Yucatan peninsula began to decline.Whether the decline was caused by overuse of the land, invasion, internal revolt, eruption is a question that has puzzled archaeologists for decades. Recent evidence supports that over cultivation of the land due to a growing population gradually reduced crop yields. Another theory is that a long drought, which lasted two centuries in 9-10 CE, may have played a major role in the decline. The period was characterized by an increase in internecine war among the states and rise of powerful nobles.

question

Identify similarities between the Aztec and the Maya

answer

Both had writing systems that were based on hieroglyphics. Their religious systems (polytheistic and rituals) were the same. There number systems were alike as well (based on 20 numbers) using dots and sticks from Olmec. Liked human sacrifices!!!

question

Explain the key characteristics of Mayan religion

answer

Polytheistic. Mayan gods shared many of the characteristics of deities of nearby cultures. The supreme god was named Itazmna (Lizard House). Deities were ranked in the order of importance. Human sacrifice (normally by decapitation) was practiced to propitiate the heavenly forces.

question

Identify the Incan king who began the conquests that led to the creation of their empire

answer

Pachakuti

question

Discuss the communication system that existed in the Inca empire

answer

The lack of a fully developed writing system didn't stop them: they used drama, both comedy and tragedy, and poetry, often set to music to express themselves

question

Discuss the distribution of population of the Inca civilization

answer

Pachakuti created a highly centralized state. He divided his empire, called Tahuantinsuyu, or "the world of the four quarters" into provinces and districts. Each province contained about ten thousand residents and was ruled by a governor related to the royal family. Excess inhabitants were transferred to other locations.

question

Identify the Spaniards who led the conquests against the Aztec and Inca empires

answer

Francisco Pizarro and a few hundred companions and Hernán Cortés

question

Understand how time influenced the relationship between the Aztec and Maya

answer

...

question

Explain why the Inca fell to the Spanish

answer

The Spanish possessed steel weapons, gunpowder, and horses, none of which were familiar to the Inca. Internal factionalism, combined with the onset of contagious diseases spread unknowingly by the Europeans, had weakened the ruling elite, and the empire fell rapidly to the Spanish forces in 1532.

question

Explain similarities between the Aztec and the Inca

answer

They greatly respected their gods whom they believed gave them their food. The way they made their houses (material and form). Both believed in living in tribes.

question

Mayan writing

answer

The only Mesoamerican people who devised a complete written language. It was both phonetic and ideographic and was somewhat based on hieroglyphs

question

Aztec writing

answer

It was based on hieroglyphs

question

Aztec Capital city

answer

Tenochtitlan

question

Inca Record keeping

answer

They kept records using a system of knotted strings called quipu. This did not prevent the Inca from realizing a high level of cultural achievement. They tallied various data of their kingdom on strands of knotted yarn.

question

Itzamna

answer

The Mayan supreme deity. "Lizard House"

question

Quetzacoatl

answer

God retained a higher level of recognition in Aztec culture due to its tenth-century departure from the Valley of Mexico and promised future victorious return. His visage of a plumed serpent was prominent in the royal capital of Teotihuacán. He was the leader of the Toltecs, was humiliated by another god and left his homeland. He swore that he would come back.

question

Intí

answer

Incan sun god. He is more appropriately viewed as a cluster of solar aspects, since the Inca divided his identity according to the stages of the sun

question

Viracocha

answer

Great Creator of the Incan gods. He was the most important creator of all things, or the substance from which all things are created, and intimately associated with the sea.

question

Huizipochli

answer

name of the Aztec God of the Sun and patron of Tenochtitlan

STUDY

Ancient History World History World History And Geography

W.H. Chapter 2 Lessons 1 &2 – Flashcards 103 terms

Collin Foley

103 terms

Preview

W.H. Chapter 2 Lessons 1 &2 – Flashcards

question

a region of the middle east named for its rich soils and golden wheat fields

answer

fertile crescentt

question

a region that became a crossroad for people and ideas to met and mingle

answer

fertile crescent

question

means "between the rivers"

answer

mesopotamia

question

the area of land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which flow from the highlands of modern-day turkey through Iraq into the persain gulf

answer

mesopotamia

question

the first civilization to develop in the world -it was located in southeastern Mesopotamia

answer

sumer

question

true or false: control of the Tigris and Euphrates was key to developments in Mesopotamia -the rivers frequently flooded and would destroy villages

answer

true

question

the ___ describes a great flood that destroys the world -first told orally in Sumer

answer

epic of gilgamesh

question

true or false: catastrophic floods occurred alot in the ancient days of the fertile crescent

answer

true

question

true or false: in order to help prevent flooding in Sumer because of the rivers, the people would work together to build dikes to hold back the floodwaters and irrigation dithes to carry water to the fields

answer

true

question

___ was responsible to carry water back to the fields

answer

irrigation ditches

question

__ were responsible to hold back the floodwaters from the Tigris and Euphrates river

answer

dikes

question

the world's first cities were ___ & ____

answer

ur uk

question

the ___ had few natural resources -built with clay and water -clay would make bricks

answer

sumerians

question

__ brought riches to Sumerian cities

answer

trade

question

the ___ may have been the first to invent wheeled vehicles

answer

sumerians

question

Sumerians normally battled each other over city-states for the control of land and water -the people began to turn to war leaders for protection -over time the practice of war leaders turned into __ rule

answer

hereditary

question

in the sumerian culture the __ was responsible for: -maintaining the city walls and irrigation systems -led armies in war -enforced the laws -employed scribes to collect taxes &keep records

answer

ruler

question

in the sumerian culture, the __ was seen as the chief servant of the gods and led ceremonies meant to please them

answer

ruler

question

a system of ranking groups

answer

hierachy

question

the majority of people in the Sumerian culture were ___

answer

peasant farmers

question

true or false: women held a high importance in Sumer but never held legal rights equal to those of men -but some ruler's wives had supervisory powers and wrote songs which reveals they had learned how to read and write

answer

true

question

the sumer were ___ with religion

answer

polythestic

question

means worshiping many gods

answer

polytheistic

question

the __ were thought to control every aspect of life, especially the forces of nature

answer

gods

question

the __ believed that their gods were like normal people but were also responsible for causing violence and suffering

answer

sumerians

question

a large, stepped platform thought to have been topped by a temple dedicated to the city's chief god or goddesses -in the sumerian culture

answer

ziggurat

question

the ___ believed in the after life -people lived after death in a grim underworld from which there was no release

answer

sumerians

question

the ___ invented the earliest writing called cunieform

answer

sumerians

question

the sumerians invented the earliest writing called ___

answer

cunieform

question

from the latin word "cuneus" from "wedge" because scribes wrote by making wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets

answer

cuneiform

question

true or false: cuneiform grew out of a system of pictographs used to record goods brought to temple store houses

answer

true

question

true or false: as the Sumerians' writing evolved, they used it to record not only economic exchanges but myths, prayers, laws, and business contracts

answer

true

question

true or false: in order to become a scribe, you went through strict discipline training -students who did well often learned about religion, mathematics, and literature as well

answer

true

question

by __, the sumerian civilization had been replaced by other major civilizations -armies of conquering people came through Mesopotamia and took over the Sumerian city-states

answer

1900 bc

question

true or false: even after Sumer was conquered, it left a lasting legacy -newcomers adapted many ideas and innovations from the Sumerians such as cunieform

answer

true

question

the __ established a number system based on 6 -dividing the hour into 60 minutes -the circle into 360 degrees

answer

sumeriasn

question

the ___ built on the Sumerians number system to develop basic algebra and geometry to create accurate calendars and predict the eclipses of the sun and moon

answer

babylonians

question

true or false: the Sumerians orally told the Epic of Gilgamesh but the Akkadians and Babylonians wrote it down in cunieform

answer

true

question

the ___ became a vital crossroad where warriors and traders met, clashed, and and mingled -many beliefs of the ancient ___ survived to shape our modern world

answer

middle east

question

About 2300 B.C., ___, the ruler of Akkad invaded and conquered the neighboring city-states of Sumer

answer

sargon

question

Sargon was the ruler of __

answer

akkad

question

___ built the first empire in history -appointed local rulers each who served as king of the land he oversaw

answer

sargon

question

true or false: the worlds first empire did not last long -created by Sargon the ruler of the Akkad

answer

true

question

king of Babylon -brought much of Mesoptamia under the control of his empire -after sargon

answer

hammurabi

question

the leader of an empire who published the Hammurabi's Code

answer

hammurabi

question

was a set of laws that had been around since the Sumerian times but were in writing to ensure that everyone in the empire knew the legal principles of the government

answer

Hammurabi's code

question

___ was the first attempt by a ruler to codify, or arrange a set down in writing, all the laws that would govern a state

answer

hammurabi's code

question

to arrange and set down in writing

answer

codify

question

the branch of law that deals with private rights and matters, such as business contracts, property inheritance, taxes, marriage, and divorce

answer

civil law

question

much of Hammurabi's __ code was designed to protect the powerless, such as slaves or women`

answer

civil

question

the __ civil law gave a husband both legal authority over his wife and a legal duty to support her -code also gave a father nearly unlimited authority over his children

answer

babylonian

question

the ___ believed that an orderly household was necessary for a stable empire

answer

babylonians

question

the branch of Hammurabi's code that deals with offenses against others, such as robbery, assault, or muder

answer

criminal law

question

hammurabi's code has both ___ & ___ laws

answer

criminal civil

question

true or false: by setting out specific punishments for specific offenses, hammurabi's code limited personal vengeance and encouraged social order

answer

true

question

under __ ruler, he was very successful -made a code of laws -improved the system of irrigation -organized a well-trained army -ordered many temples to be repaired

answer

hammurabi

question

the patron god of Babylon

answer

marduk

question

true or false: Hammurabi promoted the worship of Marduk over Sumerian gods in order to create more unity in the empire

answer

true

question

__ became the chief god of Babylonian worship

answer

marduk

question

king of Babylon/Babylonians

answer

hammurabi

question

were pushed out of asia minor into Mesopotamia aorund 1400bc

answer

hitties

question

the ___ brought the knowledge of how to extract iron from ore to Mesopotamia -the tools they made were harder and had sharper edges -since there was a lot of iron the __ were able to arm more people at less expense

answer

hitties

question

the __ were responsible for the iron age because once their empire crashed the secret of extracting iron became common knowledge -ironsmiths migrated elsewhere therefore spreading the knowledge across Asia, Africa, and Europe ^^ results in the iron age

answer

hitties

question

lived on the upper Tigris -began expanding their empire across mesopotamia -earned a reputation for being among the most feared warriors in history

answer

assyrians

question

___ was very central to Assyrian culture

answer

warfare

question

the __ encouraged a well ordered society -used riches for trade & war loot to pay for their splendid palaces in their cities

answer

assyrians

question

the first rulers to develop extensive laws regulating life within the royal household

answer

assyrians

question

at __, King assurbanipal founded the world's first library -kept cuneiform tablets that he ordered scribes to collect from all over the fertile crescent

answer

nieveh

question

the leader of the assyrians

answer

assurbanipal

question

the leader of the new babylonian empire after it was taken over from the assyrians -stretched from the persian gulf to the mediterranean sea

answer

nebuchadnezzar

question

oversaw the rebuilding of canals, temples, walls, and palaces of babylon -during his reign, the city became one of the largest and most highly regarded in the hitory of ancient mesopotamia

answer

nebuchadnezzar

question

__ surrounded Babylon with a defensive moat and a brick wall that was 85 feet thick -9 gateways dedicated to the gods that allowed people to pass through

answer

nebuchadnezzar

question

the most famous gate of the wall that Nebuchadnezzar built -had dragons representing the god Marduk -bulls representing the god Hadad

answer

ishtar gate

question

true or false: During Nebuchadnezzar's rule of Babylon, he redid the Ziggurat in the middle of the city and restored the temple honoring the city's chief god, Marduk

answer

true

question

true or false: Nebuchadnezzar may have built the famous Hanging Gardens near his main palace -had garden built to please his wife who was homesick for the hills where she had grown up

answer

true

question

In 539 B.C. Babylon fell to the persian armies of ___ -the wall Nebuchadnezzar built failed to keep conquers out

answer

cyrus

question

__ built the largest empire -after he captured Babylon from Nebuchadnezzar

answer

cyrus the great

question

during ____ rule, the persians eventually controlled a wide sweep of territory that stretched from Asia minor to India, including present-day Turkey,Iran,Egypt,Afghanistan, and Pakistan

answer

cyrus the great

question

__ kings pursued a policy of tolerance, or acceptance, of the people they conquered -^^ means they respected the customs of the diverse groups in their empire

answer

persian

question

really unified the Persian empire -ruled from 522 BC to 486 BC

answer

emperor darius I

question

-skilled organizer -kind of government he set up: divided the empire into provinces, each called a satrapy and headed by a governor called a satrap

answer

emperor darius

question

a province was called a ____

answer

satrapy

question

the governor of a province was called a ___

answer

satrap

question

-adapted laws from the people he conquered -drew up a single set of laws for the empire -built hundreds of miles of roads--> wanted to encourage unity -celebrated important festivals and was seen by the people -constantly traveled from one royal capital to another

answer

emperor darius I

question

true or false: each satrapy (province), had to pay taxes based on its resources and wealth -special officials visited each satrapy to check on the satraps

answer

true

question

set up a common set of weights and measures to improve trade -also encouraged the use of coins

answer

emperor darius 1

question

exchange one set of goods or services for another

answer

barter economy

question

goods and services are paid for through the exchange of some token of an agreed value, such as a coin or bill -began by merchants and traders

answer

money economy

question

was a persian -rejected the old Persian gods and taught that a single wise god, Ahura Mazda ruled the world

answer

zoroaster

question

zoroaster believed in the god named ____

answer

ahura mazda

question

the prince of lies and evils

answer

ahriman

question

ahura mazda was in constant battle with ____ -caused individuals to choose a side to support -zoroaster taught that ahura mazda would will and all individuals would be judge on final judgment day

answer

ahriman

question

true or false: just ike the religion that zoroaster made up, christianity and islam also stressed ideas of heaven, hell, and a final judgement day

answer

true

question

were known as sailors and traders -they occupied a string of cities along the eastern mediterranean coast, in the area that today is Lebanon and Syria

answer

phoencians

question

the __ produced a purple dye called "tyrian purple" after the city tyre

answer

phoencians

question

the ___ made glass from coastal sand and produced a purple dye from a tiny sea snail

answer

phoencians

question

to promote trade they set up colonies from North Africa to Sicily and Spain

answer

phoenicians

question

a territory settled and ruled by people from another land

answer

colony

question

some phoencians traders got braved and sailed across the stormy atlantic to ____ where they would exchange goods from the Mediterranean for tin

answer

britain

question

known as "carriers of civilization" because they spread the middle eastern civilization around the Meditteranean

answer

phoencians

question

a writing system in which each symbol represents a single basic sound, such as a consonant or vowel

answer

alphabet

question

the ___ created the alphabet

answer

phoenicians

question

after the phoencians developed the alphabet with 22 letters, the ___ developed the vowels

answer

greeks

STUDY

AP European History World History

world history chapter 2 Answers – Flashcards 27 terms

Noel Macdonald

27 terms

Preview

world history chapter 2 Answers – Flashcards

question

Into what portions may the Fertile Crescent be divided? Where are these portions located?

answer

1. eastern portion and western portion 2. eastern- modern day Iraq, Plain of Shiner,Tigris/Euphrates river valley western- Mediterranean coast

question

Which ancient cultures occupied the Fertile crescent?

answer

Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Hittite, Phoenician, Hebrew, Assyrian, Chaldean, Median, Persian

question

Name two important rivers located in the Eastern portion of the Fertile Crescent?

answer

Tigris and Euphrates

question

What is the Greek name for the land "between the rivers" in the Fertile Crescent? What is the Biblical name for this area?

answer

1. Mesopotamia 2. Plain of Shinar

question

Who was the probable ancestor of the Sumerians?

answer

Ham

question

Define Fertile Crescent

answer

a narrow strip of land in western ancient Asia named for its fruitfulness and for the likeness of its shape to a crescent moon, includes portions of the modern nations of Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, and Iraq

question

Define "Cradle of Civilization"

answer

the Fertile Crescent is called this because the earliest people and cultures lived there

question

Define Sumer

answer

the site of the 1st postdiluvian civilization

question

Name the three oldest Sumerian settlements?

answer

1. Eridu 2.Uruk 3. Ur

question

What were some of the agricultural techniques and inventions developed by the Sumerians?

answer

Agricultural- they built dikes and dams for flood control, along with canals for irrigation; they also invented the wheel and developed a plow with a seeding attachment, which enabled them to plow and seed at the same time. they also used animal husbandry to raise crops. Inventions- wheel, cuneiform writing

question

What was the Sumerian's greatest contribution to civilization?

answer

the art of writing

question

What were the three major stages in the development of cuneiform?

answer

1. Pictograms 2. Ideograms 3. Phonogram

question

Who developed the worlds most ancient law code?

answer

Ur-Nammu

question

What is culture ? Of what does culture consist?

answer

1. is the way of life of a group of people 2. traits of people, religion, family life, government, agriculture, economy,education, philosophy, science, weapons, warfare, arts and crafts, codes of law, literature, and social customs

question

What is a civilization? what must take place before one can be developed?

answer

1. a specialized division of labor,a written language,a written code of laws, an organized form of civil government, and the development of the arts and sciences. 2. there must be a mastery over the food supply.

question

What was the most important Sumerian industry in terms of commercial activity?

answer

textiles

question

What were some of the Sumerian contributions to architecture? to mathematics? to astronomy?

answer

1.arch, dome, vault, and ziggurates 2. They developed numbers based on ten, as well as money and weight measures 3. they divided the year into lunar months, and dabbled in astrology

question

Name and describe the four social classes of Sumer?

answer

1. nobles- the ruling princes and their families, palace administrators, and priests 2.commoners- free citizens who lived in extended patriarchal families 3. clients- administrators and craftsman, other temple workers and those who worked the estates of the nobility 4. slaves- worked in the temples and palaces and on the large estates

question

Describe the earliest form of religion that the Sumerians practiced. How did the Sumerians beliefs change?

answer

1. monotheism- the belief in the one true God. 2. They began to personify and deify the elements and forces of nature (they became naturalists, humanists, and polytheists)

question

Define cuneiform

answer

the Sumerians greatest contribution to history, a form of writing using pictures and symbols

question

Define Sir Henry C. Rawlinson

answer

successfully broke the code of trilingual cuneiform inscriptions

question

Define Sargon of Akkad

answer

history's second great empire builder

question

Define education

answer

the process of transmitting the cultural heritage of a people from one generation to the next

question

Define Ziggurates

answer

huge temple towers

question

Define astrology

answer

the false belief that the heavenly bodies influence human affairs and destinies

question

Define Cultural diffusion

answer

the speading of culture traits and patterns

question

Define "Epic of Gilgamesh"

answer

the worlds oldest work of literature outside the Bible

STUDY

AP United States History History of the Americas President Abraham Lincoln President Andrew Johnson Southern State Governments United States History Whites And Blacks World History

DE US History Chapter 15 quiz – Flashcards 20 terms

Briley Leonard

20 terms

Preview

DE US History Chapter 15 quiz – Flashcards

question

At the end of the Civil War, the number of slaves that emerged from bondage was

answer

almost 4 million

question

In 1865, southern whites defined freedom as

answer

controlling their future without northern interference

question

As Republicans planned for Reconstruction,

answer

Radicals sought a range of punishments for white southerners

question

President Abraham Lincoln's 10 percent plan for the South referred to the

answer

number of white votes required to take loyalty oaths before setting up a state government

question

In the 1860s, Black Codes were

answer

designed to give whites control over freedmen

question

The Fourteenth Amendment

answer

gave citizenship rights to all people born in the United States

question

In 1867, congressional plans for reconstruction

answer

required new state governments in the South to give voting rights to black males

question

The Fifteenth Amendment dealt with the issue of

answer

suffrage

question

At the conclusion of President Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial,

answer

Johnson was acquitted by one vote

question

During Reconstruction, most carpetbaggers were

answer

northern white veterans who moved to the South

question

During Reconstruction, southern African American officeholders

answer

underrepresented the total number of blacks living in the South

question

During Reconstruction, the southern school system

answer

eventually reached 40 percent of all black children

question

Black sharecropping

answer

was a very common occupation of former slaves

question

During Reconstruction, per capita income for southerners

answer

rose for blacks and declined for whites

question

During Reconstruction, the black labor force worked

answer

significantly fewer hours than had been the case during slavery

question

The redeemed governments of the South

answer

saw an end to occupation by federal troops

question

The Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that

answer

racial segregations was legal if whites and blacks had equal accommodations

question

In the 1890s, pressure in the South to restrict black voting rights came from

answer

All these answers are correct (poor white farmers. wealthy southerners. advocates of Jim Crow. Southern Democrats)

question

During Reconstruction, the term scalawags referred to

answer

southern white Republicans

question

In the 1890s, the black journalist Ida B. Wells devoted her writing to attacking

answer

the crime of lynching

STUDY

Historical Geography Western Civilization World History

World History– Early Civilizations – Flashcards 80 terms

Maisie Clarke

80 terms

Preview

World History– Early Civilizations – Flashcards

question

Fertile Crescent

answer

-- the region within the Middle East where "civilization" began

question

other names for the Fertile Crescent

answer

Mesopotamia, the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys

question

Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

answer

the two rivers around which the first civilizations emerged

question

Sumerians

answer

the first people to become "civilized"-- settling down around an agricultural economy, building cities,developing complex institutions and specialized labor, trade and a written language

question

the key elements of a "civilization"

answer

an agricultural economy, cities,monumental building, complex institutions (government, military, religion), specialized labor, trade, and a written language

question

cuneiform

answer

the FIRST written language, using only a single signe, grouped and patterned in various combinations

question

wet clay tablets and reed styli

answer

the "technology" used by the first written language, cuneiform

question

ziggurat

answer

literally, a "mountain of god"-- a multi-tiered pyramid built as a home to a god, used for defensive, religious, and socio-economic purposes

question

warfare, internal weakening, conquest

answer

the manner in which Sumerian civilization (and many other civilizations throughout Mesopotamia and the world) ended

question

polytheists

answer

describes the vast majority of peoples of the ancient world-- people who believe in numerous gods, goddesses, spirits, demons, etc.

question

monotheists

answer

people like the early Jews of the ancient world, and (later) Christians and Muslims-- those who believe in a single god

question

Babylonians

answer

the people of the Fertile Crescent region who conquered and absorbed Sumerian civilization around 2000 B.C.

question

WRITTEN code of laws

answer

the innovation often associated with Hammurabi and the early Babylonians-- an essential prerequisite to our ideas about "justice"

question

Hammurabi

answer

the early Babylonian king most often credit with promulgating the first written code of laws

question

Early Mesopotamian/ Fertile Crescent civilizations

answer

Sumerian, Babylonian, Phoenician, Hittite, Hebrew, Assyrian, Chaldean, Medean, Persian

question

the Phoenicians

answer

the early civilization along the eastern edge of the Mediterranean around 2000 BC

question

Phoenician innovations

answer

purple, sailing ships and wideranging sea trade, a phonetic alphabet

question

Abraham

answer

the man associated with the first historical record of the Jewish people in the Fertile Crescent

question

Canaan

answer

the name for the land the Jews first settled in, believed by them to be their "promised land" from God

question

Moses

answer

(1) leader of the Jewish people during time of their flight from Egypt , and (2) the man who returned from Mt. Sinai with the stone tablets containing the Ten Commandments

question

Ten Commandments

answer

the "laws" given to Moses by God on Mt. Sinai-- they become the basis for the laws of the Jewish people

question

covenant

answer

an "exchange" of promises-- for example, the Ten Commandments represent a "covenant" between God and the Jews, his "chosen people"

question

the Ark of the Covenant

answer

the special box made to hold the stone tablets containing the Ten Commandments-- once house in the Temple built in Jerusalem by Solomon

question

Saul, David, and Solomon

answer

the "kings" of Israel under whom Israel reached its height of power and prominence

question

"the prophets"

answer

term for the numerous men who appear at one or another time in the period of the Old Testament, predicting gloom and doom for the Jewish people for breaking the Commandments, and thus their covenant with God

question

silt

answer

A mixture of fertile soil and tiny rocks that can make land ideal for farming

question

polytheism

answer

Belief in many gods

question

sargon of Akkad

answer

A conqueror from Akkad, north of Sumer, who took over all of Mesopotamia and created the world's first empire.

question

cataract

answer

A large waterfall

question

Menes (Narmer)

answer

1st dynasty pharaoh- united upper and lower egypt

question

theocracy

answer

A government controlled by religious leaders

question

hieroglyphics

answer

An ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds

question

Rames II

answer

the strongest of the pharaohs at his time, ruled from 1279 B.C. to 1213 B.C. ( he may have dealt with mosses)

question

Minoans

answer

A Neolithic people that started around 3000BC, supposedly the earliest people on the island of Crete. They were excellent sailors & traded w/ Egypt & the Fertile Crescent. Were conquered by mainland Greece.

question

colonization

answer

A physical process whereby the colonizer takes over another place, putting its own government in charge and either moving its own people into the place or bringing in indentured outsiders to gain control of the people and the land

question

Hewbrews

answer

•develop the first known system of ethical monotheism which is defined as faith in a single all powerful God that is the creator and ruler of the universe

question

Torah

answer

A Hebrew word meaning "law," referring to the first five books of the Old Testament.

question

Exodus

answer

...

question

David

answer

(Old Testament) the 2nd and greatest king of the Israelites; he united the tribes into a single nation.

question

Mandate of Heaven

answer

Chinese religious and political ideology developed by the Zhou, was the prerogative of Heaven, the chief deity, to grant power to the ruler of China.

question

Feudalism

answer

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

question

Mohenjo-Daro

answer

Indus Valley city laid out in a grid pattern. Had a complex irrigation and sewer system., One of the first settlements in India

question

Irrigation

answer

A way of supplying water to an area of land

question

empire

answer

A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler

question

cultural diffusion

answer

The expansion and adoption of a cultural element, from its place of origin to a wider area.

question

cunieform

answer

a system of writing with wedge-shaped symbols invented by the sumerians around 3000 B.C.

question

centralized government

answer

A government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject

question

delta

answer

A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake

question

pyramid

answer

...

question

papyrus

answer

A reed that grows along the banks of the Nile River in Egypt. From it was produced a coarse, paperlike writing medium used by the Egyptians and many other peoples in the ancient Mediterranean and Middle East.

question

Akhenaton

answer

early ruler of Egypt who rejected the old gods and replaced them with sun worship (died in 1358 BC)

question

Book of the Dead

answer

Collection of religious spells which were thought to be helpful to the deceased in the afterlife.

question

Phoenicians

answer

A maritime civilization of the Mediterranean that developed extensive trade and communication networks as well as an early alphabetical script (1500 B.C.E).

question

Knossos

answer

An ancient Minoan city on the island of Crete

question

Monotheism

answer

Belief in one god

question

Abraham

answer

...

question

Ten Commandments

answer

A set of laws for responsible behavior, which, according to the Bible, were given to Moses by God.

question

Solomon

answer

(Old Testament) son of David and king of Israel noted for his wisdom (10th century BC)

question

loess

answer

Deposits of silt laid down by aeolian processes over extensive areas of the mid-latitudes during glacial and post glacial times also called humus.

question

orcale bone

answer

a shell or bone used to predict he future

question

subcontinent

answer

...

question

city-state

answer

...

question

Epic of Gilgamesh

answer

A famous poem that describes ancient Sumerian life. It is also called the "oldest story in the world"

question

Hammurabi's Code

answer

A legal code developed by King Hammurabi of Mesopotamia. The code was influential in the establishment of Hebrew and Islamic law and in the U.S. judiciary system. It specified crimes and punishments to help judges impose penalties.

question

Nebuchadnezzar

answer

A Babylonian king who conquered Jerusalem,and built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon

question

Pictogram

answer

the earliest forms of writing in which pictures represent words or ideas

question

pharaoh

answer

A ruler of ancient Egypt.

question

mummification

answer

embalmment and drying a dead body and wrapping it as a mummy

question

Kush

answer

African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile ca. 1000 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries.

question

Tutankhamen

answer

..., Pharaoh of Egypt around 1358 BC, youngest pharoh, restored old gods, died at an early age

question

Imhotep

answer

...

question

alphabet

answer

A set of symbols that represent the sounds of a language

question

King Minos

answer

a king of the Minoans who legend has it owned a half-human, half-bull monster called the "Minotaur"

question

Covenant

answer

(Bible) an agreement between God and his people in which God makes certain promises and requires certain behavior from them in return

question

Moses

answer

(Old Testament) the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus

question

Babylonian Captivity

answer

...

question

Ancestor worship

answer

Belief that dead ancestors can influence one's fortunes in life. Those who practice often conduct rituals and ceremonies to the memory or remains of their ancestors.

question

dynasties (Shang and Zhou)

answer

...

question

Harappan Civilization

answer

AN ANCIENT CIVILIZATION THAT DEVELOPED ALONG THE INDUS RIVER

question

Monsoons

answer

Major winds in the Indian Ocean that blew into India for half the year, and blew away from India for the other half. Helped facilitate trade in the Indian Ocean.

STUDY

Consumption And Production Patterns And Trends World Geography World History

Ancient World – Flashcards 35 terms

Emily Kemp

35 terms

Preview

Ancient World – Flashcards

question

Urbanism, writing, cohesive religious system, government, social classes

answer

"civilization"

question

Sumer: people who started civilization Flood myth: epic of gilgamesh Levees, reservoirs, canals and crops 30:1

answer

Mesopotamia

question

Priestly class invented writing. Used 2,000 symbols, which meant that literacy remained a tightly held monopoly of professional scribes

answer

Sumerian scribes & literacy monopoly

question

...

answer

Nile flooding & optimism

question

...

answer

Tigris & Euphrates flooding & pessimism

question

Many gods & goddesses

answer

polytheism

question

when you assign humanlike qualities to nonhuman things

answer

anthropomorphism

question

paleolithic-neolithic-bronze age-iron age

answer

ancient world chronology

question

dark ages-archaic-classical- hellenistic

answer

greek history chronology

question

a monotheist (one god) who worshipped sun-god Aton

answer

king nefertiti

question

Babylon ruler: water rights, property rights, marriage law

answer

Hammurabi's code

question

remembered for mortuary temple she had constructed at Deir el-bahri

answer

pharaoh hatshepsut

question

a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy

answer

social stratification

question

north of the black sea

answer

origin of historic info-europeans

question

settled throughout Asia Minor but initially settled in Anatolia (modern day turkey). Traded weapons and metal vessels

answer

Hittites

question

zoroaster claimed to have received a vision of "wise lord," Ahura Mazda, who preached & was the one true and eternal god, wise and good.

answer

Ahura Mazda & Persian Zoroastrianism

question

Sailors that took to the sea and established a network of trading colonies that stretched across Mediterranean islands; started the alphabet

answer

Pheonicians' sea network

question

neo-babylon kings that led his army into jerusalem to destroy the first temple

answer

Nebuchadnezzar

question

("exile" or "scattering") Under the ruler of Nebuchadnezzar, the Chaldeans destroyed the Temple at Jerusalem and took Jews eastward into Babylonian Captivity

answer

Diaspora

question

Released the Jews and allowed them to return to Jerusalem. Beginning of 2nd temple period: questions are about role of rabbis

answer

Persian emperor Cyrus the Great

question

-hunting,fishing -control of fire -practiced religion -nomadic

answer

paleolithic

question

-sedentary -built "cities" -systematic agriculture -true social hierarchy -pictographs

answer

neolithic

question

came to view of kings as agents of their gods

answer

the sumerian government

question

north of the black sea

answer

the original indo-europeans possibly came from?

question

agriculture

answer

the economy of ancient egypt relied most heavily on?

question

babylonian

answer

Which is not an indo-european language?

question

were more severe for the lower classes

answer

punishments for crimes under the Code of Hammurabi:

question

Religion

answer

Akhenaten is best known for his unsuccessful attempt to reform Egypt's?

question

Asia Minor

answer

The hittite empire was situated in?

question

False

answer

the epic of hammurabi is the tale of the ruler of uruk some 800 years before the babylonian conquest. T or F?

question

True

answer

the phoenicians took to the sea and established a network of trading colonies across the Mediterranean. T or F?

question

False

answer

Persian temples drew freely on Hittite architectural styles to emphasize Ahura Mazda's universality. T or F?

question

-believe that there is only one God. -claims that religion is a universal human quality. A belief that all humankind will eventually be saved.

answer

monotheism & universalism

question

Hebrews are depicted as them. They are chosen and held responsible for maintaining a standard of moral behavior and pursuing justice on earth

answer

the chosen people

question

holds that the texts as they survive result from the intertwining of several writers' work

answer

Documentary hypothesis

STUDY

Art History Fairness And Justice Indo European Languages Twenty First Century World History

Western Civ. Miderm Chs. 1-5 – Flashcards 123 terms

Julia Rush

123 terms

Preview

Western Civ. Miderm Chs. 1-5 – Flashcards

question

Akhenaten's experiment with monotheism failed because

answer

it was imposed from above and did not find a place among the people

question

Mesopotamian agriculture depended on

answer

irrigation

question

Which of the Near Eastern societies invented writing?

answer

Sumerians

question

All of the following traits characterized the Neolithic stage of human development except

answer

A) new types of stone tools. B) agriculture and animal husbandry as primary ways of life. C) use of bronze weapons. *** D) the appearance of towns. E) warfare and the construction of walled villages.

question

According to the text, large-scale trade in the Neolithic world developed out of

answer

the agricultural surplus.

question

The earliest written signs

answer

were pictographs, in which each sign pictured an object.

question

The division of labor within Neolithic towns resulted from

answer

agricultural surplus.

question

All of the following were products of systematic agriculture except

answer

A) the division of labor. B) the development of permanent towns. C) a healthier population. D) a dramatic increase in population. E) more people needed to become involved in food production. ***

question

Under the Code of Hammurabi, _____________ were punished most harshly for a given crime.

answer

slaves

question

The Sumerian nobility included all of the following except

answer

leading merchants

question

Sumerian society was

answer

complex, with various social categories.

question

One major drawback to the system of writing known as pictographs was that it

answer

could not represent abstract ideas

question

Sargon built a new capital city, the city of

answer

Akkad.

question

The political unification of Egypt ushered in the period known as the

answer

Old Kingdom.

question

Egypt was

answer

nearly self-sufficient.

question

Egyptian religion was

answer

permeated by the cyclical patterns of the Nile River.

question

The primary purpose of the pyramids was to serve as

answer

massive tombs.

question

Near Eastern peoples originally developed writing to

answer

keep accurate records

question

Around 1800 B.C.E., people whom the Egyptians called the _________ began to settle in the Nile Delta.

answer

Hyksos

question

Egalitarian society

answer

a society with equality between groups; men and women had equal rule

question

Stone Age

answer

Paleolithic period- "Old Stone Age", 200000-10000BCE, still no documentation, old stone tools Mesolithic period- bone tools were used for fishing Neolithic period- 10000BCE- 3000BCE, increased sophistication--esp. in agriculture using the new stone tools

question

Nomads

answer

traveled from place to place in search of food and resources

question

Cuneiform

answer

from the latin "wedge-shaped"- the Sumerian form of writing, came AFTER pictographs

question

Polytheists

answer

Mesopotamian religion, belief in many gods

question

Epic of Gilgamesh

answer

the first Sumerian epic poem

question

B.C.

answer

Before Christ

question

A.D.

answer

Anno Domini- "In the Year of Our Lord"

question

Homosapiens

answer

"knowing man"- knew how to make tools, nomadic, became sedentary (stayed in one place) when agriculture began

question

Agriculture

answer

cultivation of plants and animals/domestication/harvesting/storing (8000-7000BCE), first appeared along the Fertile Crescent

question

Consequences of agriculture

answer

1. War- walls were built around villages 2. Inc. in population 3. Social classes/ division of labor 4. Craftsmen 5. Trade

question

answer

First city in history, 500000 ppl, 3000BCE, modern day Iraq

question

Mesopotamia

answer

"land between the rivers" (rivers=Tigris and Euphrates)

question

Pros/Cons to living on the rivers

answer

Pros- population growth/religion Cons- flooding (can be both good and bad, good when the water irrigates)

question

Lugal

answer

first king of Mesopotamia (established a hereditary monarchy)

question

King's responsibilities

answer

- Make laws/enforce them/judicial power - Leader of the army - Supreme architect

question

What was ancient writing used for?

answer

Taxes

question

True or False? Mesopotamian gods were vengeful.

answer

True

question

Ziggurat

answer

temple (step-pyramids) where sacrifices were made

question

Nobles

answer

the top level of Sumerian society; consisted of the king and his family, the chief priests, and the high palace officials

question

Clients

answer

free men and women who were dependent on the nobility; in return for their labor they received small plots of land to work for themselves

question

6 Basic Elements which form a Civilization

answer

1. Urban focus- has a city 2. Distinct religious structure- gods/priests 3. Distinct political/military structure-monarchy 4. Social structure based on economic power- classes w/slaves 5. Writing- cuneiform 6. Artistic/Intellectual activity- pottery, temples, Epic of Gilgamesh

question

Sumerian

answer

1st human civilization, constant war due to high density population, kingship was hereditary

question

Imperialism

answer

1 country taking over other countries

question

Monarchy

answer

"one power" in the hands of the king

question

Arkadian Empire

answer

1st Empire- conquered Sumer

question

Sargon I

answer

Emperor of Akkad who controlled Sumer after conquering (2335BCE)

question

People who lived in Mesopotamia

answer

Sumerians

question

Amorites

answer

Babylonians who migrated from Arabia and settled along the Euphrates-location dominated trade

question

Hammurabi

answer

Babylonian king who set out to: 1. make Babylonia secure 2. unify Mespotamia 3. win the Babylonian place in Mesopotamian civilization

question

Code of Hammurabi

answer

a set of 282 laws governing daily life in Babylon; the earliest known collection of written laws. This covered a broad spectrum of moral, social, and commercial obligations.

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Social Structure of Egypt

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1. Pharaoh- ruler of the land (monarchy) 2. Bureaucrats- government employees: priests, scribes, tax collectors, military leaders, governors, judges, nobles=aristocrats 3. Merchants/artisans 4. Farmers and serfs (90%) - farmers--own their own land - serfs--can either own or rent the land

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Culture

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Religion, art, intellectual activity NOT political, social, or economic

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Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton)

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1364-1347, declared that there was only 1 God who rewards the good and punishes the bad

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King Tut

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changed Egypt back to polytheism

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In the mind of the Egyptians, the ____ was the supreme renewer of the land

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Nile

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The Nile

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-allowed farmers to produce their agricultural surplus, which in turn led to population growth - promoted communication throughout the valley (movement of goods and armies)

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True or False: Egypt was self-sufficient

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True, Egypt's natural resources made it self-sufficient. Ex.: Egypt possessed stone which they used for architecture and sculpture, clay for pottery, and gold for jewelry and ornaments. They obtained copper from Sinai and timber from Lebanon

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Egypt's 2 entities

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Upper Egypt Lower Egypt

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Menes

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king who united upper and lower Egypt into ONE kingdom (3100BCE)...political unification led to the "Old Kingdom"

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Periodization of Egypt

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Old Kingdom- 2660-2180 Middle Kingdom- 2080- 1640 **Hyksos invaded!** New Kingdom- 1570- 1075 *Intermediate periods- holes in history, marks the breakdown on central authority/invasions

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Old Kingdom

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noted from prosperity, art, and the development of religions

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Egyptians were ______ (what religion)

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polytheists

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Most powerful Egyptian gods

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1. Amon (sky god)- created an entire cosmos with his thoughts, caused the Nile to flood and the wind to blow 2. Ra (sun god)- creator/destroyer of life, commanded the earth and the underworld 3. Amon-Ra- a combination of the 2 gods 4. Aton- another sun god, where the souls of the dead went 5. Isis- wife of Osiris, viewed as a protector 6. Osiris- king of the dead

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Book of the Dead

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explained that the god Osiris weighed each person's heart to determine if he/she has lived justly and deserves an everlasting life. After death, the soul leaves the body to become part of the divine

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Pharaoh

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commanded the wealth, resources, and people of Egypt--became one with Osiris after death

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Pyramids

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used as tombs

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New Kingdom

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slavery became widespread

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True or False: there was a strict caste system in Egypt that prevented mobility, even if one possessed the talent to move up

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False, there was no caste system in Egypt and people could move freely between classes if they worked their way up

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Hyksos

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rulers of the uplands, settled in the Nile delta in 1800BCE, took political control of Egypt and created the capital city of Avaris, slavery became more prominent

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What Age did the arrival of the Hyksos bring Egypt into? Why?

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the Bronze Age--because they brought tools, armor and weapons with them

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Egypt's desert

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served as a natural fortress because it was so difficult to cross

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Akhenaten

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pushed for religion (monotheism), suggested that Aton was the only god--monotheism did not endure beyond his reign

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Hittites

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first Indo-Europeans to become broadly important throughout the region--left a lasting imprint--introduced iron to form weapons and tools

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Battle of Kadesh

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ushered in a period of peace and stability in the Near East which lasted until the 13th century BCE when "Sea Peoples" invaded/conquered, brought Egyptians back into the Nile delta and destroyed the Hittites

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In Africa, the decline of Egyptian power energized the kingdoms of ____ and ____, who adopted the elements of Egyptian culture as they rose to power in this region.

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Nubia and Kush

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The __________ thrived with the absence of pressure from the Egyptians and Hittites, and they developed a trade network that spread Mesopotamian culture along the Mediterranean. They also began to manufacture goods for export (metal tools and weapons). They also developed the alphabet, which was their most lasting cultural achievement. The Greeks later modified it and used it as their written language.

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Phoenicians

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The End of Egyptian power

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The long wars against the Sea Peoples impoverished Egypt, weakening its power in the region

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Third Intermediate Period

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the 400 years of political fragmentation in Egypt after their power was weakened

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The Evolution of the Jewish State

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- From Egypt, Moses and his people (Hebrews) wandered in the Sinai Peninsula until they settled in Palestine in the 13th century BCE - Once in Palestine, the Hebrews felt threatened by the Philistines (superior technology and military organization)--Saul led attacks on the Philistines

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The ___________ invented a script called Linear A.

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Minoans

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The fall of the Mycenaean kingdoms ushered in a period historians call the

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Dark Age

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The works of Homer

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described a time when gods still walked on earth.

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Hesiod's Theogony

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traces the origin and descent of the gods.

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Minoan civilization was centered

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on Crete

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The agora in the Greek city-state served as all of the following EXCEPT a

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A) marketplace. B) refuge from attack. ** C) site of courts. D) site where warrior assemblies originally met. E) political forum.

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For protection, Greek city-states relied on

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a militia of citizens who owned land.

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The Greeks called a colonizing city a(n) ___________, or mother city.

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metropolis

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The greatest weakness of the Greek polis (city-states) was

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their difficulty in cooperating with one another.

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At the end of the First Messenian War, Sparta turned the Messenians into __________, or state serfs.

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helots

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Solon did all of the following EXCEPT

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A) free people enslaved for debt. B) recall all exiles. C) cancel all debts on land. D) outlaw private property. ** E) divide society into four groups based on wealth.

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An Athenian woman's main function was to

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have and raise children.

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Mycenaean script derived directly from

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Minoan Linear A script.

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Minoan Linear A script.

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deme.

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Underlying Athenian democracy was the belief that

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all full citizens were sovereign.

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The Greeks' defeat of the Persians

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saved Greece and Greek culture from Persian domination.

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The most important economic activity in most Greek communities was

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agriculture.

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After the Greek victory over the Persians, the Athenians formed the

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Delian League.

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The sculptures adorning the Parthenon

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depict scenes from the life of Athena.

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Athenian drama originated in

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the religious festivals of the city.

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After the Peace of Nicias, the Peloponnesian War was rekindled by

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Alcibiades.

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A government characterized by the "rule of the few" is called a

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oligarchy.

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Plato's great contribution to philosophy was

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the founding of the Academy.

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Herodotus's central subject was

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the Persian wars.

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Aspasia was the lover and companion of

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Pericles.

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_________ was the first of the Pre-Socratics.

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Thales

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The culmination of Pre-Socratic thought was the theory that

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four substances—air, fire, earth, water—make up the universe.

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According to the text, the most important factor in the success of Philip II of Macedon in Greece was

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warfare among the Greeks.

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Alexander's expedition eastward halted at the Hyphasis River because the

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Macedonian army refused to go further.

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After Alexander's death, the Ptolemies founded a dynasty in

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Egypt

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The ___________ kings established cities and colonies from Western Asia Minor to India.

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Seleucid

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The political history of the Hellenistic period was dominated by Greek leagues and

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great monarchies.

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Zeno was the founder of the __________ school of philosophy.

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Stoic

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The Stoics' most important practical achievement was the creation of the concept of

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natural law.

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The bureaucrats of the Hellenistic kingdoms were usually recruited from

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Greece.

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In the Hellenistic city, Greeks represented

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an elite citizen class.

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The uniqueness of Hellenistic culture lay in its

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fusion of Greek and Eastern cultures.

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The accomplishments of Hellenistic science included all of the following EXCEPT

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A) calculation of the earth's circumference to within about 200 miles. B) the development of hydrostatics. C) the revolution of weaponry according to scientific principles. D)** the discovery of techniques for the production of high-quality steel. E) the conclusion that the stars were enormously distant from earth.

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The _________ linked China, Central Asia, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean.

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Great Silk Road

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Probably the most popular mystery cult in the Hellenistic Near East was that of

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Isis

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In the Hellenistic period

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manual labor was abundant and often provided by slaves.

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All of the following were traits of the mystery religions EXCEPT

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A) a community of initiates united with their god. B) a promise of eternal life for the soul after death. C) emotional intensity. D)** the use of human sacrifice. E) initiation rites that allowed the devotee access to the secrets of the religion.

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How did Hellenistic culture influence the Jewish religion?

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The Old Testament was translated into Greek.

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The Hellenistic period provided the basis for all of the following EXCEPT

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A) expanded commerce between Greece and the Near East. B) the development of monarchical ruling systems. C) a new cosmopolitan society. D) the Roman Empire. E) the destruction of the civilizations of the Near East.**

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Ancient Maya AP World History Aztec And Inca Empires Civilization Last Ice Age The Americas World Civilizations World History

APWH Chapter 6 – The New World – Flashcards 50 terms

Livia Baldwin

50 terms

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APWH Chapter 6 – The New World – Flashcards

question

In the aftermath of Columbus and voyages of encounter, Europeans believed the first humans in the Americas might have been

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C. Phoenician seafarers from Carthage.

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Currently available evidence has shown the first humans in the Americas

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A. In the view of Lois Leakey, may have arrived 100,000 years ago.

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The Olmec peoples

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D. developed a system of hieroglyphics

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Archaeologists call the region in which the first New World civilizations began

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C. Mesoamerica

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Which of the following is not true of the Olmec culture?

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C. It developed in the high, mountainous areas of central Mexico.

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Which civilization lived in terraces cut out of a mountainside located in the central Mexican highlands?

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C. Zapotec

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Which of the following was true about Teotihuacán?

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C. It met its demise due to unexplained reasons.

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Mayan Civilization

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E. declined before 1000 C.E.

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The chinampas

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A. reflected significant ability in the field of drainage agriculture.

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The civilization of the Maya developed in the

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Yucatan Peninsula

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The two commodities that enabled the Maya to develop trade relations with other civilizations in its region were

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C. obsidian and cacao trees

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The sacred ball court

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A. had life or death implications for those who played upon it.

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In which areas were the Mayan and Aztec civilizations similar?

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They both practiced human sacrifice.

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Which of the following statements is the most accurate depiction of the Aztec empire?

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B. It was a confederation of localities linked by a feudal allegiance system in which a central ruler controlled an empire developed through military conquest.

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The Aztec capital was

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A. Tenochtitlán

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As the guiding deity of the entire population, the supreme Aztec god was

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C. Ometeotl

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Aztec Society was

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B. a hierarchical dictatorship, with a privileged upper class and a downtrodden majority.

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Most of the Aztec population belonged to large kinship groups called

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C. calpulli

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Which of the following was not a characteristic of the large kinship groups of the Aztecs?

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D. Women were required to work in the fields five days each week.

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Which of the following best describes social and gender roles in the Aztec culture?

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B. There were clear-cut lines of demarcation between the responsibilities and duties of males and females.

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Which of the following gods retained a higher level of cognizance in the Aztec psyche than most of their other gods, due primarily to its tenth-century departure from the Valley of Mexico and promised future victorious return?

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C. Quetzalcoatl

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In analyzing Aztec cosmology

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C. it assumed the existence of divine and material worlds.

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Aztec religion

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C. employed human ritual sacrifices, often inolving large numbers of victims.

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Aztec writing

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E. none of the above

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What was the purpose of the human sacrifices practiced by the Aztecs?

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B. To appease Huitzilopochtli, and thus delay the ultimate destruction of their world.

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Aztec society

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B. Did not possess a written literature, although it developed hieroglyphs.

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The massive stone carving in the form of a disc portraying the struggle between the forces of good and evil in the universe is the

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B. Stone of the Sun.

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The Spaniard responsible for the demise of the Aztec civilization was

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C. Hernán Cortés.

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Which of the following was not a factor in the demise of the Aztec civilization?

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D. the attack of the French fleet in 1518

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The cities of Uxmal and Chichen Itza flourished under the

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E. Toltecs

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The reason for the decline of Mayan civilization

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E. has never been absolutely determined.

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If one were to compare societies of the Aztec and the Maya, the best characterization of that comparison would be that

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D. both were agricultural societies that had substantial urban populations.

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All of the following statements are true about Mayan religion except

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A. its views about reincarnation resembled those of Buddhism.

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South America

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C. has had human inhabitants for more than twelve thousand years.

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The Moche culture

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C. may have been ended by major environmental changes, including both severe flooding and the spread of area deserts.

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Who was the Inca king who began the conquests that led to the creation of their empire?

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C. Pachakuti

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The civilization of the Inca

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A. constructed an impressive system of roads and bridges throughout its extensive domain.

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The population of the Inca civilization

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B. was divided into provinces containing about 10,000 people

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The Spanish figures who led the conquests of the Aztec and Inca empires, respectively, were

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E. Hernán Cortés and Jorima Rousseau

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Which of the following is not accurate?

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D. The Olmecs adopted many aspects of Aztec culture.

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The Inca fell to the Spanish because

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A. Spanish military equipment overmatched that of the Incas.

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The Aztecs and Inca were alike in

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C. the relative speed with which they were taken over by Spanish invaders

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Among the mounted nomads who came to dominate much of the southwestern plains of North America after 1500 C.E. were the

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B. Apache and Navajo

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An extensive urban community was created at Chaco Canyon by the

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C. Anasazi

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The archeological evidence of the presence of ball courts in Amerindian civilization centers is an indication at these societies

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D. probably had contacts with Mesoamerican civilizations

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The Arawak developed their society

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E. both b and c

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The tuber civilization by the Arawak, that is used today to manufacture tapioca, is

answer

C. manioc.

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Amerindians of North America who inhabited the present states of Pennsylvania and New York as well as parts of southern Canada

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A. established the League of Iroquois

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The civilizations that developed in the New World

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C. did so in close coordination with civilizations in other parts of the world.

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A striking difference between the civilizations of the New and Old Worlds was that

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C. in spite of a high degree of a cultural attainment, a number of New World civilizations still engaged in extensive human sacrifice in 1500

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