learning curve ch 18 – Flashcards
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What new developments facilitated overseas expansion in the late nineteenth century?
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Underwater telegraph cables and steam-driven ships significantly improved communication.
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What role did Spain and Portugal play in the second wave of European imperialism in the nineteenth century?`
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They continued to possess colonies but were relatively minor players in the new imperial enterprise.
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How did European powers govern at the local level?
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They frequently relied on local elites.
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Which colony can be described as suffering from a reign of terror in which millions of natives were killed and mutilated to force them to produce for a European market?
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Congo Free State
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What was an advantage that those colonial subjects who secured a Western education enjoyed?
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They had access to better paying positions in European mission organizations.
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What made imperialism so broadly popular in Europe in the last quarter of the nineteenth century?
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Europeans often found it more profitable to invest their capital abroad than in Europe.
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When European imperialists attacked, what was the fate of decentralized societies that did not have a strong ruler or government, such as the small kingdoms and chiefdoms of West Africa?
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They faced protracted, brutal warfare and mass destruction, village by village
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In what way was the nineteenth-century European notion of empire distinctive from earlier empires in world history?
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It included much greater penetration into the daily lives of subject peoples.
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Which is true of cash-crop agriculture in European colonial empires during the nineteenth century?
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Cash-crop agriculture sometimes led to environmental problems.
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Why were early hopes of some colonized people that modernization or renewal of Asian and African colonial societies through western education dashed?
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Europeans generally declined to treat even their Western-educated colonial subjects as equal partners in the enterprise of renewal.
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Which of the following were used to underpin European racism in the nineteenth century?
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"Scientific" methods that appeared to prove that European brains are larger than those of people in other parts of the world
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Which of the following regions experienced a takeover that was most similar to Britain's earlier colonization of North America?
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Australia
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Which of the following best characterizes the response of most Asian and African societies to European conquests in the nineteenth century?
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The responses covered a wide range from active resistance to accommodation.
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How were the lives of African women altered by colonial economies?
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Colonial economies sometimes offered women a measure of opportunity, particularly in small-scale trade and marketing that could on occasion give them considerable economic autonomy
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What was an important outcome of Western education systems in European colonies during the nineteenth century?
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New cultural divide between those who possessed a Western education and those who did not
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What made imperialism so broadly popular in Europe in the last quarter of the nineteenth century?
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Europe needed markets for its industrial goods.
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Which of the following was a significant outcome of the Indian rebellion against British rule in 1857 and 1858?
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It greatly widened the racial divide in colonial India.
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How were the lives of African women altered by colonial economies?
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Women were forced to take on traditionally male tasks in addition to their normal responsibilities.
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Which of the following was a reason for the increasing sense of "African identity" that had developed by the end of the nineteenth century?
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Africans from many states increasingly felt a sense of common experience in the face of colonial oppression.
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In what way could imperialism solve class conflicts within industrializing Europe?
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Class conflicts could be solved by providing markets for European manufactured goods and thus keeping workers within Europe fully employed.
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Why did Australia, New Zealand, and Hawaii become settler colonies, in which Europeans became the vast majority of the population
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The native population in these places had been largely destroyed by European disease.
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Cultural reactions of indigenous peoples to European rule included
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cooperation with the imperial power by many members of the indigenous ruling classes.
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Which of the following was a distinguishing characteristic of wage labor in Africa as compared to Asia
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More so than in Asia Africans migrated to European farms or plantations for work
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What made imperialism so broadly popular in Europe in the last quarter of the nineteenth century?
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The growth of nationalism in Europe made the acquisition of empires popular.
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What contributed to changing European views of Africans and Asians in the nineteenth century?
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Europeans developed a new secular arrogance based on their economic accomplishments associated with industrialization.
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What about the European colonial empires of the nineteenth century reflected earlier European imperial creations of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
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They enlisted the cooperation of subject peoples.
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What is "social Darwinism"?
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The belief that superior Europeans will inevitably destroy or displace "unfit" races
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What made imperialism so broadly popular in Europe in the last quarter of the nineteenth century?
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Europe needed the raw materials of its colonies to fuel its factories.
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Which of the following was a reason for Europe's colonial expansion in the long nineteenth century?
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The need for markets to sell European manufactured products
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What made imperialism so broadly popular in Europe in the last quarter of the nineteenth century?
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Imperialism promised to solve the class conflicts of an industrializing society.
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Which of the following reflects a European colonial policy in the late nineteenth century that ran counter to their practices at home
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European reluctance to encourage urban growth, industrialization, individual values, and religious skepticism in their colonies
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Which of the following statements is true about gender attitudes with regard to nineteenth-century imperialism?
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European colonizers took pride in their "active masculinity" and defined subject peoples as soft and effeminate.
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When European imperialists attacked, what was the fate of decentralized societies that did not have a strong ruler or government, such as the small kingdoms and chiefdoms of West Africa
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They faced protracted, brutal warfare and mass destruction, village by village.
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between European colonial policies and core political values at home?
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Europeans did not spread their political values in any meaningful way to their colonies
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Over time, on whom did the Europeans increasingly depend to rule their colonies, often at the expense of traditional elites?
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They depended on Western-educated members of the local society.
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Which of the following statements is true about European imperialism?
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It led to European secular arrogance, as Europeans grew to despise the peoples they dominated.
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Why did ordinary Europeans come to care whether their country gained new territories around the globe?
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Many Europeans became swept up in mass nationalism
