Ancient World
19 October 2020
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“civilization”
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Urbanism, writing, cohesive religious system, government, social classes
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Mesopotamia
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Sumer: people who started civilization Flood myth: epic of gilgamesh Levees, reservoirs, canals and crops 30:1
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Sumerian scribes & literacy monopoly
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Priestly class invented writing. Used 2,000 symbols, which meant that literacy remained a tightly held monopoly of professional scribes
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Nile flooding & optimism
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…
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Tigris & Euphrates flooding & pessimism
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…
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polytheism
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Many gods & goddesses
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anthropomorphism
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when you assign humanlike qualities to nonhuman things
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ancient world chronology
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paleolithic-neolithic-bronze age-iron age
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greek history chronology
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dark ages-archaic-classical- hellenistic
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king nefertiti
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a monotheist (one god) who worshipped sun-god Aton
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Hammurabi’s code
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Babylon ruler: water rights, property rights, marriage law
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pharaoh hatshepsut
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remembered for mortuary temple she had constructed at Deir el-bahri
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social stratification
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a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy
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origin of historic info-europeans
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north of the black sea
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Hittites
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settled throughout Asia Minor but initially settled in Anatolia (modern day turkey). Traded weapons and metal vessels
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Ahura Mazda & Persian Zoroastrianism
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zoroaster claimed to have received a vision of “wise lord,” Ahura Mazda, who preached & was the one true and eternal god, wise and good.
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Pheonicians’ sea network
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Sailors that took to the sea and established a network of trading colonies that stretched across Mediterranean islands; started the alphabet
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Nebuchadnezzar
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neo-babylon kings that led his army into jerusalem to destroy the first temple
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Diaspora
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(“exile” or “scattering”) Under the ruler of Nebuchadnezzar, the Chaldeans destroyed the Temple at Jerusalem and took Jews eastward into Babylonian Captivity
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Persian emperor Cyrus the Great
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Released the Jews and allowed them to return to Jerusalem. Beginning of 2nd temple period: questions are about role of rabbis
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paleolithic
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-hunting,fishing -control of fire -practiced religion -nomadic
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neolithic
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-sedentary -built “cities” -systematic agriculture -true social hierarchy -pictographs
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the sumerian government
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came to view of kings as agents of their gods
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the original indo-europeans possibly came from?
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north of the black sea
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the economy of ancient egypt relied most heavily on?
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agriculture
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Which is not an indo-european language?
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babylonian
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punishments for crimes under the Code of Hammurabi:
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were more severe for the lower classes
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Akhenaten is best known for his unsuccessful attempt to reform Egypt’s?
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Religion
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The hittite empire was situated in?
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Asia Minor
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the epic of hammurabi is the tale of the ruler of uruk some 800 years before the babylonian conquest. T or F?
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False
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the phoenicians took to the sea and established a network of trading colonies across the Mediterranean. T or F?
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True
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Persian temples drew freely on Hittite architectural styles to emphasize Ahura Mazda’s universality. T or F?
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False
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monotheism & universalism
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-believe that there is only one God. -claims that religion is a universal human quality. A belief that all humankind will eventually be saved.
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the chosen people
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Hebrews are depicted as them. They are chosen and held responsible for maintaining a standard of moral behavior and pursuing justice on earth
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Documentary hypothesis
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holds that the texts as they survive result from the intertwining of several writers’ work