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a) Lincoln says that “four years ago all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil war” (Lincoln, paragraph 2).
b) Lincoln’s second speech is more about slavery and the confederates rather than the war itself.

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Past: Conflict before the civil war. His first presidential term.
Present: the conflict between the union and the confederates.
future: what reparations need to be made for the future.

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The content of the speech tells you that Lincoln intends to give reparations to the previous slaves.

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a) The national issue that Lincoln addresses in paragraph 3 is the religious aspect of slavery.
b) The effect of the speech would have been possibly more unifying if he only focused on this issue.

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The chronological structure of the speech gives a timeless, very intentional, logical feel to the speech.