See answer below

a.United States, American, nation, national, America
b.Appeal to emotion: by repeatedly referring to the audience’s homeland Roosevelt aims to show deference to anything related to the USA and its people and as such speak to their existing patriotism.

See answer below

a. to paint his own ideology as objective
b. By directly establishing his worldview as objective he promotes that the only way to deal with the dangers of the monolithic global dictatorship is to be judicious. This judiciousness he proposes will naturally reflect his own beliefs on the matter.

Appeal to Logic

How it Shapes or Refines the Central Idea

“While the Napoleonic struggles did threaten interests of the United States because of the French foothold in the West Indies and in Louisiana, and while we engaged in the War of 1812 to vindicate our right to peaceful trade, it is nevertheless clear that neither France nor Great Britain, nor any other nation, was aiming at domination of the whole world.” (270)

Reveals to audience that we have fought in wars for far less important causes (i.e. for personal gain, rather than to preserve worldwide human rights).

“We should remember that the Peace of 1919 was far less unjust than the kind of “pacification” which began even before Munich, and which is being carried on under the new order of tyranny that seeks to spread over every continent today” (271).

Reveals to audience that while we have taken the peaceful route before, to take a peaceful route now would be extremely unjust.

“As long as the aggressor nations maintain the offensive, they—not we—will choose the time and place and the method of their attack” (272).

Suggests to the audience that the longer America does not engage in the war against Germany, the more dire the situation may become.

Central Idea: America should join the war against Germany in order to fight for the rights of people worldwide.

See sample answer below.

He uses emotional appeals, because the majority of the speech was full of logical appeals and appeals to authority. By adding emotional appeals at the end, he avoids making the speech seem cold and impersonal.