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a) Thoreau relies on the assumption that money always corrupts the soul.
b) I think the assumption can be valid, but I don’t think it is fair to generalize and say that money always corrupts the soul because there are people who do wonderful things with their money. On the other hand, there are billionaires that are not doing anything to help save the world from climate change, so maybe it does corrupt the soul.

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a) The assumption in “Civil Disobedience” is that the US would be better off with little governmental help.
b) A counterargument to this assumption could be “how would we repair roads” “how would we be protected from other countries?” “how do we get medical assistance?”

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Thoreau assumes that commitments can be reversed easily, evidence for this would be the simple reversal of the farm transaction in the beginning of “Walden”.
Thoreau assumes that simplicity of life has to be related to nature and poverty.
Thoreau assumes that nonconformity is also ideal and achievable.