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Lincoln says that 87 years ago (from the date 1863) that our fathers brought America a new nation and created liberty which proposed that all men were equal (take note here that it’s all “men”. Women were not included in this definition of liberty and a new nation. Neither were black men and women. “all men” is just referring to white men.)

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Lincoln sees the Civil war as a test to the nation to see how long it can last.

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This speech was given at Gettsyburg battlefield because it is the site were the bloodiest battle of the Civil war occurred and Lincoln needed to gain support for the war. The site of the speech established good pathos for his argument.

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Lincoln says this because, according to him, the soldiers who struggled on this battlefield consecrated it already.

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He urges his audience to honor the dead, have them not have died in vain, by giving an increased devotion to the cause. The cause being the new birth of freedom.

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Lincoln is addressing the people at the battlefield of the bloodiest battle of the Civil War to gain continued and increased support for the war to establish freedom for all by the people for the people.