Overweight And Obese Individuals In The Society Nowadays Essay Example

face-face clinic sessions, alternated with three telephone sessions. Positive effects were recorded for both the children and parents.

The rise in obese and overweight children has been followed closely by an increased occurrence of obesity related illness. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main risk factors of obesity in paediatric and adult patients and is the leading cause of mortality in the USA. CVD is a term used to describe a number of heart diseases. Obesity is one of the major risks factors for CVD. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is another serious complication of obesity during childhood; it is caused by insulin deficiency. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in individuals of less than 20 years is 1 in 40. Gastrointestinal diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux and constipation are exacerbated by obesity.

Obstruction sleep apnea is mostly found in obese individuals. Acanthosis nigricans is a skin condition characterised by areas of dark, velvety discolorations in body folds and creases, it is present in 10percent of white children and 50% of black children. Lastly there are psychological and social implications from obesity, obese individuals have low self-esteem and behaviour problems. They are at risk of being stigmatized, discriminated and marginalized. Long-term stigmatization can lead to dropping out of school.

Many children and adolescents are not attaining the recommended moderate to vigorous activity requirement. For those with a BMI>85%, a 4-staged approach management is recommended by the America Medical Association, however, many of these recommendations are beyond the scope of the primary healthcare provider but stage 1 entails making specific dietary and physical activity recommendations which are within the scope of primary care practitioners. USTPF, the United States preventive service task

force found that comprehensive weight management programs incorporated counselling and behavioural intervention. There have been several trials conducted with overweight and obese adults, which have compared remote persons versus in-person intervention strategies for weight loss, with promising results. Advantages of remote interventions are: time saving, convenience, diminished impact on family job and lifestyle and reduced estimated cost of travel.

Jacobson and Melnyk choose cognitive theory which seeks to help the patient overcome difficulties by choosing and changing dysfunctional thinking, behaviour and emotional responses. It helps patients to develop skills for modifying their beliefs, relating to others in different ways and changing behaviour. Cognitive behaviour knowledge building can support behaviour change by increasing awareness of the persons personal evaluation process in regard to their thoughts and behaviour. This project intervention was created on knowledge and acquisition, modelling, goal setting, problem solving and lastly cue recognition.

Organizational planning proposed for this research included: information technology, financial budget, physical resources and time. The project’s success was dependent on support from all staff employed at this practice. The budget was low and included the cost of physical supplies.

Twelve patients were enrolled in the project. The patients and their families received seven weekly contacts; data from one child was eliminated because he did not meet the set BMI criteria. Of the 12 patients only 9 completed all the sessions. Face to face visits took place, motivational interviewing, telephone calls and handing of educational hand-outs.

Overall goals and objectives of the intervention were to reduce BMI through patient education, regarding healthy activity and nutrition, the outcome was a decreased BMI (Body mass index) of the patients and a decrease in YPANS correspondents with an

increase in nutritional knowledge and physical activity. Appropriate assessment of obese individuals has increased. Once identified the treatment methods and counselling intervention needed to facilitate behavioural change in the population. The study upon which this project was based brought to light one of the first theory based interventions to address overweight and obesity. This project demonstrates the remote education related interventions such as the one used here are effective when translated clinically and can be implemented in a timely, cost effective and efficient manner.