Historical Perspectives of Supervision Timeline Essay Example

for the observation. During this phase, the teacher and supervisor planned the specifics of the observation. Phase 2—Classroom Observation: During this phase, the supervisor observed the teacher using the framework articulated in Phase 1.

Phase 3—Analysis: Data from the observation was organized by the supervisor with the intent of helping teachers participate in developing evaluations of their own teaching Phase 4—A Supervision Conference: The teacher and supervisor engaged in a dialogue about the data. The teacher was asked to reflect upon and explain his or her professional practice. Phase 5—Analysis of the Analysis: The supervisor's practice was examined with all of the rigor and for basically the same purposes that Teacher's professional behavior was analyzed theretofore (Marzano, Frontier, & Livingston, 2011, Chapter 2)

This, combined with the Hunter model of lesson design, was another pivotal moment in the history of educational supervision because we still use this form of evaluation and lesson design to this day. The Developmental/Reflective models of supervision offered alternatives to the clinical approach. It was a way to differentiate the evaluation process, as it was believed that not all teachers would benefit from one form of evaluation.

Finally, the 90’s saw the creation of the Danielson Model of Supervision/Evaluation. Danielson's model includes four domains: Planning and Preparation, the Classroom Environment, Instruction, and Professional Responsibilities. Within each of these domains, she describes a series of components that further describe the knowledge/skills required to demonstrate competence in the classroom (Marzano, Frontier, & Livingston, Chapter 2, 2011). This model remains in use in American school systems today.