Forensic Science Essay Example

the potential addiction for individuals exposed to the drug.

Hallucinogenic drugs have the power to alter an individual's mood, perceptions, and thoughts, thereby affecting their thinking and perception of the world.

Marijuana, which is derived from the cannabis plant and was introduced to the United States in the early 1900s, has a long history of use across different regions in the world. Currently, it is the most popular illegal substance in the United States but is legal for medical purposes in certain states. Along with inducing feelings of contentment and relaxation, marijuana can also alter sensory perceptions.

LSD, also known as lysergic acid diethylamide, is a hallucinogen that comes from ergot, a fungus present on specific plants and grasses. It can cause powerful hallucinations and change mood even when taken in small amounts. Sometimes, LSD is mixed with another hallucinogenic substance called PCP (phencyclidine). The production of PCP is relatively easy, leading to the creation of labs in different places, making them hard to detect.

Forensic scientists analyze and classify a particular type of drugs known as club drugs, which are synthetic substances commonly present in bars, nightclubs, raves, and similar social gatherings. Despite their potential dangers and negative effects, these drugs have become increasingly popular in such environments due to the belief that they can enhance or enrich overall experiences. Club drugs are primarily utilized by teenagers and young adults.

In raves and nightclubs, drugs can be discreetly hidden due to their small tablet form. The constant movement and dancing of the crowd also help individuals who have taken these drugs to avoid attracting attention, even if they are

experiencing their effects.

Originally developed as an appetite suppressant, Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), widely known as Ecstasy, has gained popularity as a club drug. It can induce happiness and hallucinations. However, prolonged usage of this synthetic substance may result in serious health issues like kidney failure, stroke, and seizures.

Another drug commonly used in the club scene is ketamine (also known as Vitamin K or Special K). It produces feelings of happiness and hallucinations. Ketamine is also employed as an anesthesia.

Many club drugs are often linked to criminal activities such as rape, sexual assault, and robbery.

GHB and Rohypnol are drugs that are colorless and odorless, making it easy to secretly add them to someone's drink without their knowledge.

GHB typically causes drowsiness, dizziness, and headaches.

Rohypnol causes a decrease in awareness, relaxation of muscles, and amnesia regarding events occurring after ingestion of the drug.

Alcohol, commonly consumed in the club atmosphere, can enhance the effects of drugs.

Drug samples are collected as evidence.

Forensic scientists analyzing samples to detect illegal drugs require a specimen to determine if a person has been exposed to a drug or if a substance discovered is indeed a drug.

There are various ways to collect a sample for drug exposure testing, whether it is done voluntarily or involuntarily.

Drug traces can be found in urine, saliva, blood, and hair for a certain duration depending on the drug. Samples can be given by both living and deceased individuals, including hair samples.

When examining a corpse, a forensic scientist can analyze the stomach contents, organs like the liver and spleen,

as well as certain parts of the eye in order to detect the presence of drugs or alcohol.

Forensic scientists analyze not only the body but also the bacteria, maggots, and other organisms that have fed on the decomposing body. These organisms may carry evidence of drugs consumed by the individual prior to their death.

Every sampling method has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, a blood sample can reveal the presence of drugs or alcohol and indicates the level at the time it was taken.

Hair samples can be collected to detect drug use within a certain time frame after consumption. Hair grows at a rate of about 1 to 1.5 cm (or approximately half an inch) per month, and by analyzing a cross section of hair, forensic scientists can estimate the period during which particular drugs were taken.

Forensic scientists have limitations in terms of sample availability and time constraints for sample collection. The storage and packing methods vary depending on the substance type. In some cases, the original container of the drug can preserve the evidence and prevent cross-contamination effectively. For example, suspected drugs in a pill bottle or plastic bag can be sealed in an evidence bag and labeled with its chain of custody and additional details.

To collect drug evidence effectively, it is crucial to transmit information from the crime scene to the forensic laboratory. This transmission plays a vital role in later testing procedures. By providing more details about the drug's discovery at the crime scene such as its location, conditions, and results of any screening tests conducted on-site, forensic scientists can gain

a better understanding of what type of drug they are dealing with and determine the required tests.

Identifying Drugs

Forensic scientists may encounter various substances and objects related to the illegal drug trade, such as powders, pills, liquids, syringes, and other materials, including prescribed medications or even over-the-counter items.

While forensic scientists can make certain assessments based on appearances, there is often additional work required. For instance, containers of various "street" drugs may lack any indication of their contents.

Forensic scientists in the lab have to separate the different materials present in drugs, such as quinine, sugar, or starch. Along with the actual drug, these drugs often contain additional substances. It is not uncommon for scientists to find various materials or substances when analyzing the drugs.

Forensic scientists are essential in accurately and definitively identifying drugs, and the reliability of their evidence is crucial in determining the fate of individuals accused of crimes. When someone is arrested for drug possession, law enforcement must present evidence that proves the substance in question is illicit drugs rather than something legal like sugar. In cases involving heroin possession, forensic scientists must scientifically establish that the discovered substance is indeed heroin. Therefore, substance analysis holds great significance.

Once a potential drug substance is brought to the lab, the first task for a forensic scientist is to narrow down the possibilities.

Screening tests are utilized in forensic science to identify specific drugs that a substance is likely to contain.

Screening tests, also known as spotter tests or field tests, can be used both at the crime scene and in the laboratory.