Cuban Missile Crisis
The key factor in comprehending the missile crisis in autumn of 1962 is the correlation and timing between the American actions, and the Soviet/Cuban choices in positioning nuclear arms on the island capable of attacking regions within America.
In September 1962, the Moscow-Havana agreement was established by Che Guevara in response to the Bay of Pigs invasion. The Soviet Union intended to provide Cuba with a variety of weapons such as surface-to-air missiles (SAMs), intermediate-range (SS-5) missiles, medium-range (SS-4) missiles, IL-28 bombers, and nuclear weapons. In October 1962, the US's efforts to disrupt the Cuban Revolution and assassinate Castro were accompanied by Soviet-Cuban missile deployment aimed at preventing American intervention. Some argue that if not for these US actions, Khrushchev would have had no reason to place nuclear arms in this area. On October
...14th, a U-2 reconnaissance plane captured images revealing sites being developed for constructing medium-range missiles.
On October 16, the Soviet Union was reported to have placed missiles in Cuba. The US President responded by forming a group called the Executive Committee of the National Security Council (Ex Comm). This committee consisted of experienced diplomats and intellectuals from Truman's era such as McNamara, Robert Kennedy, McGeorge Bundy, Dean Acheson, Paul Nitze and Robert Lovett. At first, the Ex Comm focused on military action rather than negotiations. A suggestion for an air strike was made by Acheson but it was uncertain if all missiles could be destroyed. The Joint Chiefs of Staff suggested a full-scale invasion which could lead to war with Cuba resulting in heavy US casualties and retaliation by Soviet forces on Berlin.
Adlai Stevenson, the US Ambassador to the United Nations,
suggested proposing a proposal.
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