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Assessments Ch 25 – Anus, Rectum and Prostate Essay Example

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Published: August 20, 2018

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Constipation

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decrease in stool frequency, with difficult passing of very hard, dry stools.

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Fissure

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painful longitudinal tear in tissue, e.g. in the superficial mucosa at the anal margin.

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Hemorrhoid

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Flabby papules of skin or mucous membrane in the anal region caused by a varicose varicose vein of the hemorrhoidal plexus.

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Melena

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blood in the stool

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Pruritus

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itching or burning sensation in the skin

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Steatorrhea

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excessive fat in the stool, as in gastrointestinal malabsorption of fat

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Valves of Houston

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set of three semilunar transverse folds that cross half the circumference of the rectal lumen

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1. State the length of the anal canal and the rectum in the adult, and describe the location of these structures in the lower abdomen.

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anal canal- 3.8 cm; outlet of the GI tract rectum- 12 cm; distal portion of

the large intestine

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2. Describe the size, shape, and location of the male prostate gland.

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In front of the anterior wall of the rectum, 2 cm behind the symphysis pubis -2.5 cm long, 4 cm in diameter -Bilobed with round or heart shaped, lateral lobes separated by median sulcus

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3. List a few examples of high-fiber foods of the soluble type and the insoluble type. What advantages do these foods have for the body?

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Soluble: vegetables, fruits, legumes Insoluble: seeds and skins of fruits and vegies Advantages: normalize BMs, maintain bowel health, decrease cholesterol levels, help control blood sugar levels, aids in achieving healthy weight

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4. List screening measures that are recommended for early detection of colon-rectal cancer and of prostate cancer.

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Colorectal: colonoscopy every 10 years, annual fecal immunochemical test Prostate: blood test for prostate-specific antigen and physical examination

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5. State the method of promoting anal sphinter relaxation to aid palpation of the anus and rectum.

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Have patient take a deep breath and hold it Place pad of index finger gently against anal verge Will feel sphincter tighten then relax As relaxes, as patient to exhale and flex tip of finger and slowly insert it into the anal canal in direction towards umbilicus.

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6. Describe the normal physical characteristics of the prostate gland that would be assessed by palpation:

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Size: 2.5 cm long, 4 cm in diameter, should not protrude more than 1 cm into rectum Shape: heart shaped with palpable central groove Surface: smooth Consistency: elastic, rubbery Mobility: slightly movable Sensitivity: nontender

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7. Define the condition benign prostatic hypertrophy, list the usual symptoms experienced with this condition, and describe the physical characteristics.

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Caused by hormonal imbalance that leads to benign proliferation of benign adenomas. Gradually will impede urine output

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7a. Fill in the labels indicated in the following illustrations (rectum).

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Peritoneum, Anal Canal: -column, -valve, -crypt, Interphincteric groove, External sphincter, Internal sphincter, Anorectal junction, Levator ani muscles, Rectal ampula, Valves of Houston, Rectum, Rectosigmoid junction, sigmoid colon.

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1. The gastrocolic reflex is:

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A. a peristaltic wave.

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2. Which population has the highest incident of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)?

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B. African Americans.

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3. Select the best description of the anal canal.

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C. 3.8cm long outlet of the gastrointestinal tract

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4. Foods that may be beneficial to reduce the risk for colon cancer include:

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A. Foods high in fiber.

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5. Which finding in the prostate gland suggests prostate cancer?

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D. Diffuse hardness

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6. Which is true regarding the bulbouretral gland?

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C. It can be palpated during an examination of a male patient.

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7. Normal stool is described as:

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B. Brown in color and soft in consistency.

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8. Which symptoms suggest benign prostatic hypertrophy?

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C. Difficulty initiating urination and week stream.

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9. A patient states that he is frequently constipated, and when he has a bowel movement he has rectal bleeding and pain. He does not feel any mass at his anal opening. "Do I have hemorrhoids, or is there something else wrong with me?" The examiner completes a rectal examination and explains that:

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C. The symptoms are consistent with internal hemorrhoids.

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10. A patient states that he has frothy, foul-smelling stools that float on the surface of the water in the toilet bowl. What type of stool is this patient describing.

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A. Steatorrhea

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11. Which of these is the correct technique to assess patency of the anal sphincter?

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B. Palpate the anus with a gloved finger to elicit sphincter control.

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12. Which is a structure that secretes a thin, milky alkaline fluid to enhance the viability of sperm?

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B. Prostate gland

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13. A newborn infant has a dark green stool 2 days after birth. How should you interpret this?

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A. This type of stool would indicate anal patency.

Assessments Ch 25 – Anus, Rectum and Prostate Essay Example

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