Home Page Essay samples KIN 259 UIUC Exam 3 Essay Example

KIN 259 UIUC Exam 3 Essay Example

Available Only on StudyHippo

Topics:

Essay samples

Pages: 12 (3158 words)
Published: April 10, 2018

View Entire Sample

Text preview

question

Motor Delay

answer

following a normal course of development; slower progression through milestones Kids may be able to catch up

question

Structural Deficit

answer

structural difference that prohibits children to develop the same as those without disabilities So kids will not catch up

question

Motor delays are characterized by

answer

visual impairments, cognitive disabilities, learning disabilities, and autism

question

Are there any structural deficit/physical impairment in motor delay

answer

question

Neuromaturation Theory

answer

As cortex develops, it inhibits some function of subcortical layers and assume ever-increasing neuromuscular control

question

How is neuromaturation devel

...

oped?

answer

biologically driven

question

What are delays linked to in NMT ?

answer

CNS Damage

question

How to train brain with NMT

answer

Thru Therapy

question

Cognitive Processing Theory

answer

Delays are resulting from problems receiving and processing info

question

Symptoms of cognitive processing theory

answer

difficulty making decisions quickly, choosing wrong movement, failing to use feedback for adjustment, slow and clumsy movement

question

What can rehearsal therapy help with cognitive processing theory

answer

it helps individuals process info quickly and move it to long term memory

View entire sample

Join StudyHippo to see entire essay

class="lbl">question

Dynamic systems theory

answer

movement is the result of the interaction of many systems, environment, nature of the task, and individual

question

What is the goal of therapy in dynamic system theory

answer

identifying and manipulating various organismic, environmental, and task constraints.

question

Spinal cord delay

answer

info to and from brain is compromised

question

paraplegic

answer

lower limbs

question

quadriplegic

answer

chest down

question

Spasticity

answer

muscle spams (sustained muscle contractions/sudden movements

question

Ataxia

answer

Problems producing voluntary coordinated motor movement

question

Symptoms of ataxia

answer

change in speech, difficulty swallowing, difficulty with walking and fine motor task

question

Hypotonia

answer

Low muscle tone

question

Dysmetria

answer

difficulty coordinating a complex motor movement involving several muscle groups

question

People with dysmertia have problems with

answer

Judging distance or scale and appropriate force to use on a task

question

Dydiadochokinesa

answer

Problems with performing rapid alternating moves

question

tremors

answer

rhythmical, involuntary, oscillatory movement of a body part

question

dysarthria

answer

motor speech disorder

question

mediation deficit

answer

something is fundamentally wrong with cognitive processing ability

question

Do strategies to aid cognitive processing work with mediation deficits ?

answer

question

production deficit

answer

no fundamental damage but, individuals don't use cognitive strategies to facilitate performance

question

Will strategies to aid cognitive processing work with people with production deficits ?

answer

Yes

question

What group of people are production deficits common amongst

answer

people with intellectual disabilities

question

cerebral palsy

answer

permanently disabling disorders resulting from damage to the motor-control areas of the brain

question

Symptoms of cerebral palsy

answer

abnormal muscle, heightned persistence of primitive and postural reflexes, limited coordination, abnormal sensory awareness

question

Is cerebral palsy progressive?

answer

no, its non-progressive

question

When does cerebral palsy occur

answer

before/during/right after birth

question

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

answer

Poor performance on timed test/activities, developmental coordination is often impaired, and social impacts

question

Autism

answer

deficits in communication, behaviors, and social skills

question

CNS

answer

Brain, spinal cord and everything in between

question

PNS

answer

everything else like

sensory, autonomic, and motor system

question

Afferent pathways

answer

Ascending, sensory info from the periphery sensory organ to the CNS

question

Efferent pathways

answer

Exiting info out from the CNS

question

3 sub components of motor cortex

answer

Primary Motor Cortex Supplementary Motor Cortex Pre-motor Motor Cortex

question

Primary Motor Cortex

answer

Somatotopic organization, complex task initiated, and control of force production

question

Damage to primary motor cortex results in

answer

paralysis and spasticity

question

Supplementary Motor Cortex

answer

Organization and planning of movement, sequence of movement

question

When the supplementary motor cortex active

answer

when learning

question

When is supplementary motor cortex silent

answer

when movement is automatic

question

Damage to supplementary motor cortex results in

answer

inability to construct movements based on internal motor memory

question

Pre-motor Cortex

answer

Organizing and planning of movement

question

When does pre motor cortex fire movement initiation

answer

fires it prior to movement initiation

question

Damage to pre motor cortex

answer

decreased ability to use external clues to control movement

question

Basal ganglia

class="lbl">answer

Consist of 5 subcorticial nuclei which have no input/output to the spinal cord

question

Function of basal ganglia

answer

Movement planning, memory, and initiation and termination of movement

question

5 subcortical nuclei

answer

caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and sustania nigra

question

Parkinson

answer

Hypokinetic under stimulation of basal ganglia, and decreased dopamine production

question

Symptoms of parkinson's

answer

involuntary tremors at 4-6 hz, bradykiesia (slowness of movement), rigidity, and postural deficits

question

rigidity

answer

increased resistance to external joint movement

question

Huntington's Disease

answer

A hyperkinetic disease where there is an excessive movement as a result of over timulation of basal ganglia

question

Symptoms of Huntington's disease

answer

uncontrollable jerking movement of limbs and facial movements, cognitive deficits, and psychological disorders

question

Cerebellum

answer

It has 2 hemispheres and somatotopic organization

question

2 hemisphere of cerebellum

answer

vermis and medial area

question

function of cerebellum

answer

monitors movment by comparing sensory info from actual movement occuring with the intended movement from cortex

question

What else does cerebellum a play role in?

answer

timing of movements, posture, locomotion, coordination, and learning

class="q_and_img">question

What does the cerebellum have than any other part of the brain

answer

more neruons

question

do neuron in cerebellum make direct contact to motor nuerons?

answer

question

damage to cerebellum results in

answer

intentional tremor, postural tremor, Dysdiadochokinesia, hypotonia, and impaired learning

question

Intentional tremors

answer

large oscillation when limb approaches target

question

Hypotonia

answer

decreased resistance to passive joint motion

question

Brainstem

answer

efferent tracts originating in brainsteam nuclei that are essential for control of posture and locomotion that connects brain to spinal cord

question

What does the brainstem house?

answer

cranial nerves that supply sensory and muscle function of the fact and head with autonomic functions of the body

question

components of brainstem

answer

Pons, Medulla oblongata, midbrain, vesitibular nuclei, reticular formation, tectum, red nucleus, and mesencephalic locomotor

question

Vestibular nuceli

answer

postural control, contraction of anti gravity muscles, and vestibular system

question

Reticular formation

answer

control of posture

question

Tectum

answer

Body orientation

question

red nucleus

answer

voluntary movement control in flexors that isn't well in human

question

Mesencephalic locomotor region

answer

locomotion pattern

question

spinal cord

answer

The simplest part of the nervous system which receives sensory info from periphery and has motor neurons where it extends from base of skull to lumbar region.

question

4 Regions of spinal cord

answer

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral

question

Ventral horns

answer

efferent info

question

dorsal horns

answer

afferent info

question

Monosynaptic reflexes

answer

carried out in spinal cord

question

Monosynaptic reflexes are composed of

answer

Receptor (muscle spindle, cutaneous receptor), sensory neuron (dorsal root ganglia), motor neuron (ventral root), and effector (muscle)

question

Stretch reflex

answer

A reflex that has is done in response to stretching within the muscle. This is done by attempting to resist the stretch.

question

cross-extensor reflex

answer

Step on tack, a flex tacked limb extend opposite

question

Pain receptor inhibit extensor,

answer

excite flexor

question

exite cotra-lateral extensor

answer

inhibit CL Flexor

question

Vision (Falls)

answer

There is an increased reliance on vision for movement with advanced aging

question

Individuals that are 85 yr old+ swing up how much than those that are 50-60 yr old

class="flashcard__img">

answer

38%

question

Vision loss the

answer

3rd most common chronic condition for older adults

question

Visual activity wise what does a score of 6/18 represent

answer

1.5 greater chance of fall risk

question

Visual activity wise what does a score of 6/9 represent

answer

2 times greater risk of falling

question

Reasons for decrease in visual acuity

answer

age-related mascular degeneration, diabetes, and cataracts

question

Diabetes visual acuity

answer

diabetic retinopathy vision

question

cataracts

answer

opacity of the eye lens over 50% of 80+ year

question

Contrast sensitivty (edge detection)

answer

reflect the ability to detect ground level hazards

question

What does edge detection do in older people

answer

predisposes older people to trip over obstacles

question

Contrast sensitivity

answer

ability to detect edges under low contrast conditions

question

What is the strongest fall risk factor

answer

depth perception

question

asymmetrcal visual acuity

answer

poor depth perception

question

Why are multi-focal glasses

answer

because the bottom part are meant for reading and the top are meant for far sightedness so there is 1 in error

for depth perception which makes it them have a 2x greater risk of falling

question

Impaired visual field

answer

22% increased in collision with obstacles

question

Gloucoma

answer

high pressure in the eye that affect side or peripheral vision

question

Muscle Strength (Falls)

answer

Beyond 40 years, muscle strength declines at an accelerated pace, so that hand grip strength is reduced by 5-15%

question

Sarcopenia

answer

Age related muscle loss

question

Reason why muscle strength declines

answer

Motor neuron death, muscle fiber decreased, hormonal factor (decreased testosterone, androgen, and growth hormones), sedentary lifestyle, immunologic, and nutritional factors.

question

Can strength be improved?

answer

Yes its a modifiable factor

question

14% of seniors 75 year old and older are insufficient to do what ?

answer

one leg stance

question

What two other muscles are weaken making it difficult to enough power and unable to stand up from a chair

answer

Ankle and thigh muscle

question

Reaction time (falls)

answer

How fast you respond to stimuli

question

Even after controlling physical health, amount practice, and motivation reaction time will

answer

decline with age

question

What is the percent decrease reaction time from

20-60 yr old

answer

26%

question

Reasons for reaction time being delayed

answer

sensory conduction delay, motor conduction delay, and lack of power

question

Sensory conduction delay

answer

detection of loss of balance

question

Motor Conduction Delay

answer

Central processing and motor command

question

Lack of Power

answer

movement process

question

Can reaction time be trained

answer

Those with concomitant slow reaction times are also less likely to succeed in breaking the fall with an outstretched hand, further increasing hip fracture risk

question

somatosensory/proprioception function

answer

Muscle detection, skin, joint receptor, less blood flow to skin, reduced number of receptor, conduction delay

question

vestibular function

answer

40% reduction in sensory hair cells in people 80+ yr old

question

why is there a loss in sensory hair cells?

answer

This problem occurs when inner ear calcium particles fall into an inner ear semicircular canal

question

Failure to control head eye coordination

answer

30% greater risk of fall.

question

Affective factors

answer

Emotional environment

question

Positive emotional environment

answer

feeling of belong; valued; dignity; activities occur to positive way, acceptance of everyone's abilities, and not top

down

question

Advantages of variability of practice

answer

It promotes problem solving, discovery learning, self-regulation, and promotes adaptability of learning

question

How to successfully motivate learner

answer

Promote achievement, provide choice, promote goal setting, use competition wisely, promote social interaction, and use rewards wisely

question

How to provide choices

answer

promote intrinsic motivation and autonomy

question

How to promote goal setting

answer

personal improvement and include learners input

question

How to use competition wisely

answer

lowers "loser" motivation and frame it correctly

question

How to use rewards wisely

answer

fat dog syndrome

question

3 stages of sport expertise

answer

Sampling, specialization, and investment

question

Sampling

answer

exposure to numerous sports for fun and enjoyment

question

What ages does sampling occur

answer

6-12 years old

question

specialization

answer

fewer sports, development of skill more important, still fun

question

What ages does specialization occur

answer

13-15

question

investment

answer

focusing on being elite

question

Main focus of investment

answer

main focus on skill development, competitive and strategic

question

class="flashcard__q">What ages does investment occur

answer

16 + years old

question

Goal Setting

answer

Allows monitoring of progress towards end state

question

Goals of goal setting

answer

direction attention to important aspect of skill, produce greater effort, promotes learning strategies (self discovery), and influence confidence and anxiety

question

outcome goals

answer

results of performance

question

perfomance goals

answer

focus on relative improvement

question

process goals

answer

focus on specific aspect of the skills

question

explicit learning

answer

conscious awareness of factors like goal attainment and developing relationship between learner and task

question

implicit learning

answer

not conscious like riding a bike

question

stages of social learning theory

answer

Originally focused on social learning of behavior with demonstrations/modeling information processing in 4 stages

question

4 stages of social learning theory

answer

Attention to model, formation of memory (retention), production of model movement, and motivation

question

Attention to the model 2 components

answer

impacted by arousal and complexity of movement which may need cues what to pay attention too!

question

pros of demonstration

answer

Helps cope with difficult emotional situations, learn strategies and decision making, helps

learn a movement sequence, and helps acquire a new pattern of coordination

question

cons of demonstration

answer

They don't promote problem solving, too simple, learner already knows task and requirements, new task involves change in parameters, since the outcome is more important than how movement is done, won't matter when outcome is clear and performance feedback is available.

question

Contextual interference

answer

The more skills that are practiced during a practice session the higher the contextual interference (effecting learning)

question

Contextual interference leads to

answer

Poorer performance during practice, learning increases on retention and transfer test, and task specificity

question

Why Contextual interference works

answer

May need to concentrate more on the learning situation

question

Limiting factors of Contextual Interference

answer

better when the characteristics of the variations of the task are more dissimilar than similar

question

This effect may be due to

answer

elaboration and action plan reconstruction

question

Elaboration

answer

engage in use of more strategies

question

Action plan reconstruction

answer

during variability of practice performer engages in more problem solving activity

question

schema theory

answer

Suggest that a rule developed fr a task thru interaction of 4 schema building parameters

question

4 parameters of schema

theory

answer

Initial conditions, response specifications, sensory consequences, and response outcome

question

Augmented feedback

answer

Feedback or information provided to the leaner that the learner usually doesn't receive from performing task

question

Why use augmented feedback

answer

it can be a source of info when usual info isn't there due to something like injury/disease and when all else is ok it can provide extra help for the beginner leaner

question

guided practice

answer

A type of augmented feedback that uses methods used to guide the action of the leaner so that movement errors are minimized

question

2 Goal of guided practice

answer

to learn the appropriate movement pattern and to do this while not learning wrong patterns

question

3 types of guided practice

answer

Physical restriction, forced responses, verbal guidance

question

Physical restriction

answer

prevention of errors by blocking out incorrect movement patterns by making them physically impossible to make

question

Purpose of this method

answer

performer provides the movement

question

forced response goal

answer

the pattern of the movement is controlled directly by the instructor by transporting the limb/body of the learner thru the movement

question

Point of forced response

answer

the performer is taken thru the movement

question

verbal guidance

answer

the movement occurs slow enough so that verbal cues can be used to guide the movement while it is in progress

question

Purpose of verbal guidance

answer

performer produces movement to the command of instructor

question

Why is augmented feedback good?

answer

prevention of errors (method for error-less learning) and references for development (provides a continuous reference of correctness)

question

Issues with augmented feedback

answer

Withdrawal, it can become a crutch for performance and often need to wean performer off feedback

question

intrinsic feedback

answer

Feedback received from own sensory sources

question

extrinsic feedback

answer

feedback received from external sources

question

knowledge of results

answer

Info provided to the performer which specifies the outcome of the response

question

knowledge of performance

answer

info about the movement pattern

question

Where can knowledge of performance come from

answer

both intrinsic and extrinsic sources

question

4 ways to classify feedback

answer

Mode of feedback, normal vs augmented, intrinsic vs extrinsic, and knowledge of results or knowledge of performance

question

The Neuromaturation Theory of motor delays states that

answer

Delays are linked to damage to the CNS

question

Which of the following is related to cerebellum injury/disbaility:

answer

Tremors

question

As someone ages, they will experience the following

answer

decreased physical ability

question

Aging can be defined as: a process occurring in living organisms with the passage of time that leads to a loss of adaptability, functional impairment, and eventually death.

answer

True

question

According to the exercise-aging cycle, a person will decrease their physical activity after experiencing

answer

Psychological changes

question

Biological age refers to

answer

how old a person is due to their body physiology

question

Which of the following is correctly defined?

answer

Motor delay: following a normal course of development; slower progression through milestones

question

Which of the following rehabilitation plans fits best with the dynamical systems theory:

answer

A child wants to be able to play with his friends on the playground but uses a wheelchair to get around. Instead of going to small playground, the group of friends decides to go to a fully wheelchair accessible playground.

question

Non-linear pedagogy suggests that

answer

learning happens with rather sudden changes in performance

question

Variability within learning a new skill is

answer

helpful for promoting problem solving, discovery learning, and self-regulation

question

class="flashcard__q">Affective factors are

answer

the emotional factors associated with learning, such as a positive learning environment

question

Which of the following most closely resembles a hands-off practicioner approach

answer

learning to swim by being thrown into the deep end

question

A mastery climate is

answer

one that focuses on individual performance (not compared to others)

question

Ecological task analysis model

answer

A 4 step approach to motor learning in which feedback is given to the learner only after they have attempted the skill

question

Instructional factors

answer

include teaching style and motivation

question

Discovery learning

answer

a style of learning in which the learner experiences the environment and the task for themselves at their own pace

question

a way to increase motivation

answer

positive feedback

question

Goal setting is most effective if the goal is:

answer

specific, attainable, challenging, and realistic

question

Define goal setting:

answer

Self regulatory skill that allows individuals to monitor progress toward a self-determined goal

question

Social learning theory involves these 4 steps:

answer

Attention, 2. Retention, 3. Production, 4. Motivation

question

Demonstrations promote problem solving during the learning process

answer

False

question

class="flashcard__q">Massed practice

answer

practice schedule in which the amount of rest between practice trials are short (less than the time of the trial)

question

Distributed practice

answer

practice schedule in which the duration of rest between practice is relatively long

question

Blocked practice

answer

a schedule in which many trials on a single task are practiced consecutively

question

Random practice

answer

a schedule in which practice trials on several different tasks are mixed across the practice period

KIN 259 UIUC Exam 3 Essay Example

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards

KIN 259 UIUC Exam 3 Essay Example

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards

Unfortunately copying the content is not possible

Tell us your email address and we’ll send this sample there.