Women’s Employment Essay Example

choose part-time and short-term jobs to take care of family. Due to the nature of HCI industry, there are more part-time Jobs, to balance work and life also explains why the part-time rate of women In hospitality Industry is Increasing obviously than full-time employment rate. This also contributes to the pay gap between men and women.

The continuous interruption and shorter working hour also affects the promotion, which explains why women's employment rate In management options is getting higher these years but still remains low. Omen often choose part-time Jobs in order to better reconcile work and family responsibilities, which and Felix 9).

It also has quantitative evidence that unequal distribution of responsibility to the family based on marital status and mummer of children explains the pay gap. "An Estonian study finds that, for each child,a woman's earnings falls by 3. %, whereas men's earnings are not affected" (10). Figurer: Estimated Percentage of Managers Who were married, 2007 Source: GAO Analysis of American Survey Data Moreover, because of the structural factors discussed above, including irregular irking hour, short-term and seasonal Jobs, married women occupies less in management level than that in other industries, see (figure 2).

Occupational Segregation Because of the disparate nature of HCI industry, work is usually segregated by gender horizontally and vertically (Luis Delft Santos 226).

Women often work in sectors that is lower valued or lower paid such as cleaning and care work. For example, the majority of positions in transport sector in I-J are occupied by man, while, most of woman work in accommodation and catering (Purcell 17). On the other and, even within the same sector, women are always

employed in subordinate posts and occupations that is lower- status and lower-paid. Burgess did a survey within a hotel's financial management department and he found that even women work longer in the company they are still viewed as less qualified than men (Burgess 56).

A longtime segregation of occupation makes the women are under-represented in managerial and senior positions hence be a main reason for the large earning gaps between men and women in HCI industry (Beam 16). Discrimination Even women now make up around 55 percent of labor force in HCI industry, they still ace much discrimination during the process of recruitment and promotion. Most company are more willing to employ and promote men than women when considering about the return on human investment.

Married women bear the heavy work on their shoulders. They have to make more efforts than men to balance their family life and work but those efforts turn them to be the most venerable group that might be laid off. Although the minimum wage legitimating are trying to protect the benefit of low-waged earners, this can also make the low-waged women be more risky to lost their Job if the discrimination still exists.

Traditions and stereotype make the occupational segregation more allowably.

They affect personal choice of education paths and the professional careers that girls and woman make (Beam 16). Women are always considered as family-oriented and innately weak in logic than men. "Only 8.

4 in 1,000 women are graduates in mathematics, science and technology compared to 17. 6 men", which results in "fewer women working in scientific and technical Jobs" that are higher paid in the economy (Beam

16). At the same time, people have the stereotype that "women's role in HCI is n extension of their domestic responsibilities" (Beam 20).

Undervaluation of Women's work Comparing with man, women's work is easily to be undervalued. Even doing the same job with equal value, men always earn more than women. And again, traditions and stereotype of women's competence will make both the employer and women themselves undervalue what they have done.

This can be a vicious circle. Because the under evaluation of women's performance will detriment their payment and career progression which will in turn affect the occupation segregation and people's opinion on women.