UK Evidence Based Approach to Breast Feeding Essay Example

cells. Additionally, during pregnancy and childbirth, the areola surrounding the nipple darkens and enlarges.

According to Geddes (2007, p.556), the Montgomery glands in the areola generate fluid that functions as a lubricant and cleanser for the area. When a baby suckles, milk is released through a small opening in the nipple, stimulating the pituitary gland to release prolactin hormone, which initiates milk production in the glands. Furthermore, after childbirth, oxytocin hormone is secreted by the mother's body, promoting relaxation and causing contractions in the milk gland to expel milk from the nipple. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for babies from birth until they reach 6 months old and suggests mothers continue breastfeeding while introducing other foods into their baby's diet after this period.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2009, p.3), nutrition is essential for the growth and development of both the mother and the baby. The volume and composition of breast milk determine the baby's nutritional intake during the first six months (Amir et al., 2010, p.5). Throughout the day, this intake varies based on the mother's nutritional status. Newborn babies rely solely on breast milk for achieving good health. For instance, breast milk contains immunoglobulins from the mother that aid in developing the baby's immune system and other factors that combat pathogens, thereby reducing infection risks (Cabinian et.al, 2016, p.1).

In addition to being essential for the growth and development of infants during their early stages, the nutrients in milk are advised to be consumed by babies in approximately 850ml per day for the first three months. However, if there is a lack of breast milk due to psychological factors and the

mother's nutritional health, it may be challenging to meet this recommendation. Hormonal changes associated with anxiety and depression can contribute to a decrease in breast milk production.

According to The British Nutrition Foundation (2015, p.2), if the mother's nutritional needs are compromised, it significantly affects the milk provision for the baby. For infants aged 0-9 months, males require 598k/Cal and females require 552k/Cal in terms of nutritional requirements. It is important to note that as the baby grows, their nutritional needs also increase because their developed body system requires more energy for its activities.

Weaning should not be initiated before six months as it can increase the risk of infection and allergies since organs like the digestive system and kidneys are still developing during this time (Thurnham, 2012, p.28). McGuire & Beerman (2011, p.638) suggest starting weaning by mixing new foods with either the baby's formula or breast milk.

There is a range of foods appropriate for babies, including baby rice, fruits like bananas or avocado, and mashed or pureed vegetables such as carrots, potatoes, or yams. Babies can eat these meals until they are 10 months old before transitioning to regular family food. While breastfeeding is rewarding for mothers, it can also create problems for both the mother and the baby. These complications may result in early discontinuation of breastfeeding.

According to Jones (2014, p.1), breastfeeding mothers frequently encounter the issue of inadequate milk production. This can be caused by factors such as incomplete breast development during pregnancy, prior breast surgery or radiation treatment for cancer, hormonal imbalance, and medications that impact milk production. The insufficiency of milk production can have adverse effects on the baby's health and

well-being. To address this problem, Jones recommends utilizing galactagogues as medicinal solutions to stimulate sufficient milk supply.

Furthermore, Renfrew (2012, p.19) explains that nipple and breast pain is a common complication experienced during breastfeeding. Various factors contribute to this pain including nipple injury, blocked milk ducts, excessive milk supply, infections, skin disorders, and nipple vasoconstriction where the blood vessels become constricted resulting in minimal milk release. Nipple injury often occurs due to incorrect nursing techniques such as poor positioning during feeding or using harsh cleaning products on the breasts. It can also happen from biting by the baby or using a breast pump.

Fortunately, the mother can address and avoid numerous issues by adopting appropriate practices. It is essential for her to acquire knowledge about comfortable nursing positions and stay in touch with a lactation consultant for guidance (UNICEF, 2013, p. 86). Personally, I strongly believe that breastfeeding is vital and it is the responsibility of every mother to ensure their child receives natural milk in the initial period. Certain mothers, particularly those who have jobs, may question the need for breastfeeding because they have limited time available. Nonetheless, I am confident that establishing a schedule that prioritizes nursing duration can be beneficial.

Breast milk is essential for the baby's immune system, even though the baby may feel at ease using formulas. The maternal exchange of elements helps ensure the child's healthy and rapid growth.