Fundamentals Of Epidemiology Flashcards, test questions and answers

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What is Fundamentals Of Epidemiology?

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control health problems. It is a science concerned with identifying, measuring and understanding the factors that cause disease, disability or death in populations. Its main purpose is to identify risk factors for diseases and other health outcomes so that preventive measures can be taken to reduce their occurrence. Fundamentals of epidemiology are important for those seeking to understand how diseases spread and how best to prevent them from occurring.Epidemiologists use various methods to track disease outbreaks, analyze data from surveys, conduct laboratory experiments, review medical records and literature reviews on relevant topics. They employ statistical methods such as correlation analysis, logistic regression models and survival analysis in order to determine relationships between different variables pertaining to a certain population or disease state. By doing so they are able to draw conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships between certain exposures or lifestyle choices (e.g., smoking) and particular health outcomes (e.g., cancer). These results can then be used by governments, public health organizations and other stakeholders in order make policy decisions that aim at improving public health through prevention programs as well as effective treatment strategies for those affected by diseases. The fundamentals of epidemiology also include study design principles such as sample size determination in order determine whether results from an experiment or survey sample are representative of a larger population; randomization techniques used for assigning participants into experimental groups; methods for controlling confounding variables; understanding basic concepts related cause-and-effect relationships such as bias; assessing the validity of self-reported data; assessing reporting accuracy among surveillance systems; understanding ethical considerations when conducting research on human subjects; interpreting study results through graphical representation techniques such as bar graphs, pie charts and scatterplots etc.; developing strategies for communicating results effectively among stakeholders involved with public health concerns etc.