Craik And Lockhart Flashcards, test questions and answers
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What is Craik And Lockhart?
Craik and Lockhart (1972) proposed the levels-of-processing model of memory, which states that information is better remembered when it is processed deeply rather than superficially. According to this model, memory performance depends on how information is encoded in the brain, and this encoding can be divided into three levels: structural, phonemic and semantic. Structural processing involves attending to physical features of stimuli such as their shape or size; phonemic processing involves attending to pronunciations of words; and semantic processing involves attending to the meaning of words or other stimuli. The model suggests that these three levels form a hierarchy, with deeper levels being more effective for producing long-term memories. For example, if a person reads a sentence but only pays attention to its physical structure (structural encoding), there is likely to be very little recall later on. However, if they actively think about the meanings behind the words (semantic encoding), then they are more likely to remember it in the future. This idea has been supported by numerous studies that have found deeper forms of processing lead to increased memory recall compared with shallow forms of processing. In addition to explaining why certain strategies are effective for remembering information over time, Craik and Lockhart’s model also provides insight into why some people have difficulty memorizing material despite repeated attempts at studying itthey may not be engaging in deep enough forms of encoding. By understanding this concept, students can use it as a tool when studying in order to ensure that they are properly engaging with material so that they can securely store it in their memory banks for future retrieval purposes.