Magruder’s American Government
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780133306996
Textbook solutions
All Solutions
Section 6-1: The Federal Bureaucracy
Exercise 1
Step 1
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**Bureaucracies** are grand and wide administrative organizations that are ran by unelected officials (bureaucrats), whose goal is to make sure the system’s laws, rules, and functions are adequately condoned. Almost all large organizations have a bureaucracy, including the American government. It is a structure that has multiple layers and procedures in many different areas. It is based on three principles: job specialization, hierarchical authority, and formalized rules.
Step 2
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**Hierarchical authority** offers clearly defined positions of power and proclamations, or we can say reports, within and about the system. The bureaucrats have specified responsibilities and roles. This brings order because of the possibility of accountability for clearly defined positions and decisions. It offers precision for the content, area and direction of the work.
Step 3
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**Job specialization** provides efficiency because individuals have a clear stretch to focus and improve (knowledge and skills) on.
Step 4
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**Formalized rules** bring secure and stabilize the system because of straight line for the execution of the job. Someone’s actions are based on rules and have nothing to do with someone’s opinions or inclinations. They also provide uninterrupted line of work in case of a replacement of the worker.
Step 5
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The **downsides of the bureaucracy** principles are: wasted and inefficient work due to the numerous levels of the hierarchy. Some argue that the structure limits the level of true productivity. Furthermore, the complicated procedures sometimes bring little benefit, but have to be followed through because of the formalized rules. It sometimes makes an inefficient way to operate.
Step 6
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**Another considered negative trait** of bureaucracy is that bureaucrats have appointive offices and participate in implementing public policies despite them not being elected officials. It’s argued that the problem with this is that bureaucrats are looked at as not being professionally qualified to run such an important role.
Exercise 2
Step 1
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The **bottom level of the bureaucracy** deals with the widest range of simple and necessary occupations, which is due to the **shift of work from more important functions**, meaning fewer employees, **to less important**, meaning more employees.
Step 2
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For example, an owner of a successful groceries franchise is not capable of and is not going to be selling every grocery from the store. For that part of the job, the company has the “workers”. Furthermore, there are not going to be hundreds chiefs of police, but there will be hundreds of officers on the field.
Step 3
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Usually, when there are more employees, the level on the hierarchical ladder is lower. The **employees on the bottom level are occupied with “simple” jobs** and are mostly **less qualified, experienced, knowledgeable, and capable.**
Exercise 3
Step 1
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The federal government needs assistance in enacting the laws, running the system, and that is the sole purpose of bureaucracy. **Administer the rules and regulations to bring coordination in a large-scale system**. Simply put, many people working on achieving the same goal.
Step 2
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**In the Constitution, it is outlined** that all the laws need to be executed with the help of the power that is vested in the government or any department (bureaucracy) or officer. The framers shared a belief that relates to the idea of bureaucracy. It states that popular sovereignty needs to allow to be administered by those who govern, and that is the job of bureaucracy, implemented administration to better the system. Also, relieve the burden from and assist the branches. Moreover, the **government, in executing the laws, establishing structures, et cetera, relies on the bureaucracies so they can be considered indispensable**.
Result
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The government uses bureaucracy as an administration that assists in creating stability in the system.
Exercise 4
Step 1
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Some people see the **federal bureaucracy as undemocratic because its officials are not elected**, but participate in the making of public policies.
Step 2
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**On the contrary**, people argue that the positions and skills in bureaucracy should not be selected with elections. Plus, it is expected that the elected officials from the branches control the bureaucracy.
Result
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Some people argue that the bureaucracy is undemocratic because its officials are not elected. Some people think they should not be elected because the skills and positions should not be up for election.
Exercise 5
Solution 1
Solution 2
Result
1 of 1
The Council of Economic Advisors provides the President with advice and recommendations concerning matters, both international and domestic, of the economy. The group is comprised of three members who advise the President and help create the Economic Report. This document is published every year and outlines the state of the country’s economy.
Step 1
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The Council of Economic Advisors assists and gives valuable advice to the executive branch and the president regarding the economy. The staff agency’s job is to advise and provide the president with valid evidence, research, and data concerning economic development. They analyze and interpret economic matters, develop and suggest economic policies, and promote programs and activities that benefit the economy. They also help the president with making the economic report that is due every end of the year.
Result
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The **staffing agency for economic advisory** analyzes valuable economic data and **assists the president in successfully running economic political matters**.
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