Some think it is unfair that a large state like Texas (roughly 25 million residents) gets an equal number of electors like Wyoming (roughly 550 thousand residents).

Some can **consider the Senate to be undemocratic** because all states get **equal numbers of representatives, regardless of their population size**.

The government struck down Bush’s plan because it was not aligned with the separation of powers. The president (the executive branch of the government) is not allowed to constitute courts and tribunals.

Article I gives the authority to Congress to do so. If president Bush used military tribunals to prosecute, he would be **breaking the principle of separation of powers**. It is the role of the judicial branch to hold courts and no other governments branch or individual.

Separation of power.

**Article III** states that the U.S. courts have the right to resolve controversies under the federation’s law.

The law applies to all states because the Constitution empowered judicial system that is the same for all. This is to create and **preserve balance and good relations** between the states.

Article III, see the explanation for it.

Judges whom the Senate favors are usually the most capable and reliable ones.

Even though the president should pick judges based on their political philosophies, beliefs, and intuition, it is a “safe bet” to pick the **certified judges who have Congress’s approval.**

Judges favored by the Senate are probably the most capable ones and will have approval from Congress.

The Confederation system before the ratification of the Constitution worked in no one’s favor. Circumstances in the states embodied acts of violence and unfriendliness with other states.

Before federation came to life, there was an idea of states as independent units that protected one another and did not tax other states. The **economy was assumed to flourish in the union**, while states retain their identities. It was to create a balance between order and freedom while avoiding tyranny with the separation of power.

The framers perhaps thought, if there were no federation, states would continue to mistreat one another. Also, there is a **much bigger political force as one (union)** than when the states are their own supremacy.

Framers believed that the states would flourish and create a strong union with a properly set up federal system.