**The Great Depression** is a global economic crisis that lasted from 1928 to 1939 and represents an event that led to an increase in the role of the Federal Government in the country’s economy.

In the pre-economic crisis, the Federal Government played a weak role in the economy and did not regulate most of its aspects.

The economic crisis began with the fall of the stock market in the United States, which led to a decline in the production of goods and services, deflation and high unemployment.

After these events, the federal government decided to become more actively involved in regulating the economic processes in the country in order to bring them under adequate control and to try to prevent the events that led to the Great Depression in the future.

There are three key economic goals that the Federal Government is trying to achieve:

**1. Full employment
2. Price stability
3. Economic growth**

**Full employment.** It is very important to provide enough jobs so that as many people as possible work and in that way enable themselves and their families to survive, and at the same time contribute to the state through taxes. If people cannot find a job, they can leave their country in search of work, or worse, they can become beneficiaries of social programs.

**Price stability.** Price oscillations are normal, but excessive oscillations that lead to inflation and deflation have a bad effect on the state’s economy. These cases can lead to a situation where the purchasing power of citizens is reduced or that citizens are unable to borrow and invest.

**Economic growth.** If GDP increases, the economy grows and leads to a better standard of living.

**Fiscal policy** is one of the most important methods used by the government to influence the economy. Fiscal policy determines how the government will raise funds in the budget and how those funds will be spent.

Congress and the Federal Government formulate and implement fiscal policy, but they do so very cautiously. Given the complexity of economic processes, the application of fiscal policy can cause some unwanted or unexpected effects. In economics, however, certainty is more desirable.

Also, the application of fiscal policy can lead to tax increases. If the government wants to be more involved in certain processes, it must have the funds to enable it. One way to increase them is to increase revenues through taxes, which is always an unpopular measure among citizens.

What is also unpopular in American society is the excessive interference of the government in economic processes, given that America is a capitalist society with a democratic character and a free market of goods and capital.

**Both of the policies have a goal to regulate the national economy** just through different channels.

**Fiscal policy** regards taxation, budget, and spending, which has an influence on employment and income. Employment enables consumers to invest and spend.

**Monetary policy** regards the cash supply to the market and economy. Thus, monetary policies influence the rates of interest and the rate of inflation.

A steadily growing economy is achieved by efficiently using monetary and fiscal policies to provide lower employment and preserve currency value.

The government must coordinate with the central bank because if not, it might lead to the policies working against each other.

Therefore, the use of monetary and fiscal policies largely influences the national economy. They are used to achieve national economic goals.

The agencies that regulate American economic activities are:
1) **Federal Reserve System**
2) **Security and Exchange Commission**
3) **Occupational Safety and Health Administration**. 

1) **The Federal Reserve System** (known as the Fed) is an important governmental tool that helps regulate the economy. It is a part of the executive branch that consists of the Board of Governors, 12 regional banks, and other member banks. The gathering of these important economic’s individuals is to strategize and achieve economic growth, full employment, and price stability, which would hardly be manifested into action without the Fed. The Fed’s role is to ensure stability and safety in the monetary system. 

2. **The Securities and Exchange Commission** (SEC) is a crucial regulatory agency that is also in the executive branch. The SEC ensures the security of trading by administering stock market and behavior from big corporations. It also ensures a righteous disclosure of finances that the companies publicly trade and protects investors. The power of the SEC is that it can demand court actions for frauds that regard economic matters. So its role is simple; regulate fairness, order, and effectiveness of the financial market.

3. **Occupational Safety and Health Administration** (OSHA) protects workers’ rights and administrates the rightfulness and safety of the employment. Death at the workplace, wages, and contracts are all the concerns of OSHA. Furthermore, OSHA ensures safety and health conditions for the workers by administrating and providing education and assistance.