Organizational Behaviour In The Team Work Role Commerce Essay Example

gains their willing obedience, confidence, respect, and loyal cooperation in achieving a goal. Leadership focuses on understanding how to tap into the group's shared orientation for future success (Jago 1982). Jago (1982) argues that good leaders are not born but rather made through training, self-assessment, skill development by learning from others.

The evaluation of an individual's capability to 'walk their talk' is influenced by their natural abilities. Charismatic leaders have a tendency to attract more followers due to their charisma. This type of leadership focuses on vision and acknowledges abilities and talents as innate gifts. Natural leaders are typically well-rounded individuals who rely on their internal resources. The contingency theory of leadership suggests that there isn't a one-size-fits-all model for every situation. Instead, success is determined by multiple variables rather than a preferred leadership style. Leadership involves assuming crucial roles and taking action based on evaluating the situation through different means.

Personality research using the trait approach examines individual personalities and proposes that they consist of broad temperaments. If you were describing a close friend's personality, you would likely mention various traits such as exceptional, kind, and calm. Trait theory aims to identify and measure specific features of individual personalities, focusing on differences between people rather than psychoanalytic or humanistic theories. Traits come together and interact to form a unique personality for each person.

According to Offermann, Hanges, and Day (2001), recent discussions on leadership have emphasized values and ethics. The values employed by political leaders to motivate their actions can result in disillusionment and a lack of confidence in their leadership abilities.
The importance of values in effective and successful leadership has gained global awareness. Research shows that

leaders who align their values with those of their employees, and exhibit integrity, honesty, compassion, and assertiveness are more likely to motivate, influence, and gain respect (Ehrhart & Klein, 2001; McShane, 2001). The eventuality leading approach is effective in determining appropriate behavior by considering environmental variables. This theory suggests that there is no one-size-fits-all leadership style for all situations; success depends on the specific variables at play rather than the chosen style. Leadership involves inspiring others, motivating them, setting a vision, communicating effectively, respecting others' opinions,and leading by example. A successful leader must genuinely understand their abilities and knowledge. Different individuals require different leadership styles,and even within a company,some employees may need more supervision compared to experienced ones (Cherry 2010). To be effective,a leader must adapt their actions based on each situation's evaluation. They should focus on convincing followers rather than themselves or superiors.A person lacking motivation requires a different approach from someone highly motivated.Understanding human nature including needs emotions and motivation is crucial.Familiarizing yourself with your employees' characteristics, such as their identity, knowledge, and actions, is crucial. Communication involves the exchange of information and ideas between individuals. It includes a sender transmitting thoughts or feelings to a receiver. How you communicate can impact the relationship with your employees positively or negatively. Each situation is unique, so it's important for leaders to adapt their leadership style accordingly. Determining the best approach and leadership style for each situation is necessary.

For example, when addressing inappropriate behavior from an employee, timing and manner must be carefully considered to achieve effective results. It's important to note that the situation often has more influence on a leader's actions than their

personal traits. While traits may remain consistent over time, they may not always apply in different situations (Mischel, 1968). This is why many scholars argue that the Process Theory of Leadership provides a more accurate understanding compared to the Trait Theory of Leadership.

Organizations can be categorized into two groups: formal and informal (blockquote). From an external perspective, organizations may appear formal due to their well-defined mission statement, policies, processes, and organizational charts.However, beneath the surface lies an informal organization that managers must deal with. This informal organization includes informal leaders who may not have formal authority but still have influence over many employees. It is important for managers to maintain good relationships with these informal leaders as they can sometimes help get things done. Within the organization, there are also various internal groups based on job nature, ethnicity, culture, and language, each with its own norms and opinions. Managers must identify and manage these groups to maintain peace within the organization, acting as mediators for smooth operations.
Additionally, organizations often have counter organizations in the form of labor unions. These unions serve as a check on profit-driven administrations to ensure fair treatment.

Such antagonistic administrations require careful handling. Informal administrations are formed by administrative individuals to satisfy cultural demands, personal individuality, and a sense of belonging. They also highlight shortcomings in the formal administration such as extra time taken to complete a project.

MASLOW THEORY OF MOTIVATION:

Motivation is a fundamental driving force behind people's behaviors and performance. When examining motivation from an organizational behavioral standpoint, different theories or models are utilized to explain the subject.Motivation, defined as the extent to which persistent effort is focused on a

goal, is crucial in understanding various types of motivation theories and their application in groups or organizations. These theories outline individuals' needs and the circumstances under which they seek to fulfill those needs. Motivation can be categorized as internal or external. External motivation, such as deadlines, serves as an example of external factors that drive individuals. On the other hand, internal motivation may stem from fear of losing a contract or failing to complete tasks on time.

Both forms of motivation hold equal power, hence why I am utilizing Maslow's theory to analyze my behavior within group settings. Maslow's theory falls under content theories of motivation and explores the significant relationship between behavior and motive for both groups and individuals. It emphasizes how group motivations can greatly influence individual behavior just as an individual's motive can impact a group dynamic.

The text references Dr.Abraham Maslow's theory proposed in 1943, which provides a comprehensive overview of human motives. Maslow aims at striking equilibrium between biological and societal demands by incorporating diverse motivational constructs. According to his theory, individual needs are organized hierarchically symbolized by a pyramid where basic physiological needs must be met before higher-level needs can be addressed.According to Maslow, there are basic needs that include safety, security, social connections, esteem, and self-actualization. These needs are referred to as "deficiency needs" by Maslow and they drive individuals towards growth and self-fulfillment. It is crucial for these needs to be met in order for overall well-being; failing to do so can result in illness or unethical behavior. Gareth Morgan believes that employees have diverse demands that must be satisfied for them to perform effectively at work. They are

most motivated when their tasks provide rewards that fulfill their personal needs.

Abraham Maslow's theory of motivation is known as the hierarchy of needs which states that human needs are arranged hierarchically and lower-level needs must be fulfilled before higher-level ones can act as motivators. According to Maslow, there are five main categories of human needs: physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization.

The highest level in Maslow's hierarchy is represented by the self-actualizing needs which apply to individuals who possess self-awareness, prioritize personal growth over others' opinions, and strive to reach their potential. Esteem needs encompass aspects such as self-respect, personal value, social recognition, and achievement. Social needs involve a sense of belonging and love but are considered less fundamental than physiological and safety needs according to Maslow.Companionship and acceptance can be achieved through various types of relationships, including friendships, romantic love, and household dynamics. The involvement of the Department of Energy in societal, community, or spiritual groups helps fulfill these needs. Safety and protection are essential for security needs, although they are not as urgent as physiological necessities. Security needs encompass desires like stable employment, health insurance, safe neighborhoods, and shelter from environmental hazards.

Physiological needs are the most fundamental requirements for survival, such as water, air, food,and sleep. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, these basic needs must be met before addressing other needs. Maslow correctly asserted that one need must be satisfied before moving on to the next level. For instance, when I lack sufficient sleep,the only thing my mind focuses on is getting some rest.Similarly,myprioritybecomesfoodwhenIamhungry.However,addressing my daily basic needs enables me to think about other matters without being controlled by those

primary demands.

Security is another crucial priority that includes freedom from physical danger and fears like job loss,housing insecurity,and food scarcity.Being social beings,humans inherently have a need to belong and be accepted by others.Maslow's hierarchy places this need for acceptance as the third demand in importance.Once people fulfill their need for belonging, they shift their focus to esteem needs, which include desires for power, prestige, status, and self-confidence. When all other needs are satisfied, the desire for self-actualization emerges – the longing to reach one's full potential and achieve something significant.

Many organizations have applied this theory to motivate employees by using rewards like monetary incentives or ensuring job security (Koontz & Weihrich 2008; Morgan 2006). A research study conducted by Douglas T Hall and Khalil Nongame examined the hierarchy of needs among a group of managers over a five-year period. They found that as these managers advanced in their careers, their physiological needs decreased while the aspiration for self-actualization increased (H et al., 2008).

Acknowledging Maslow's theory's limitations, there is also the process theory of motivation which focuses on understanding an individual's decision-making process and how their behavior is energized, directed, and sustained. In my classroom activities, I incorporate major process theories of motivation such as expectancy theory, equity theory, goal-setting theory, and reinforcement theory. I encourage students to comprehend their own motivations and how they can be influenced by various factors.

Once in a group setting during a montage presentation opportunity...Our group consisted of five individuals and we had 20 days to prepare for the presentation. Unfortunately, our plan to meet at my place from day one fell through as no one showed up. This situation repeated

itself multiple times, with each member providing a different excuse. It continued for 19 days until we were left with only one day to submit the presentation. At that point, I took charge and assigned tasks to each person in order to divide the workload before the deadline. By doing so, I unintentionally became the leader of the group, which required leadership skills and motivation.

To ensure sufficient rest and meet my need for sleep, I finished my part of the presentation before bedtime. This situation raises questions about whether leaders are born or developed according to trait theory. Different theorists have provided varying perspectives on this question. Understanding motive, wage systems, and their importance in acquiring work from people and decision making is crucial for leaders to be efficient and adapt rapidly to change.

Additionally, understanding human perceptions and their impact on management, as well as recognizing the value of power within an organization are essential factors. Ultimately, these factors lead us to realize that leaders are developed rather than born with innate skills. However, individuals can develop leadership abilities through experience and a desire to learn.
This assignment helps in evaluating past behavior compared to present behavior and finding ways to further develop leadership skills. It also aids in assessing performance within a group using these theories. The oldest theories used serve as fundamental principles that applications should follow. Only a few individuals have reached the self-actualization concept in Maslow's theory of leadership, and I am enthusiastic about personally experiencing that stage. In my view, travel aids me in channeling my efforts and discovering ways to enhance myself. I hold the belief that engaging in group

activities from a young age can greatly benefit individuals in improving their personality and behavior. Additionally, this can contribute to the growth of essential leadership and motivational skills necessary for the future.