Thailand
The hunter-gatherers in Thailand transitioned to farming around 4,000 BC.
Originally, the people in present-day Thailand cultivated rice and used stone tools. However, around 3,000 BC they discovered bronze, and by approximately 500 BC they began using iron. Initially, this region was divided into small states called Meuang. Around 100 AD, the people started practicing Theravada Buddhism. It is believed that the modern Thais' ancestors came from southern China.
During the 10th-13th centuries AD, a migration occurred in Thailand as the Khmers from present-day Cambodia governed a significant part of what is now Thailand from the 9th to the 13th century. Nonetheless, in the 13th century, several small states in Thailand's Mekong River valley combined to establish Sukhothai, considered as the initial Thai kingdom. Regrettably, this kingdom had a short lifespan and deteriorated by the lat
...e 14th century.
Thailand saw the emergence of Ayuthaya, a new kingdom during the 14th century. Ayuthaya went on to conquer the Sukhothai kingdom and expand its domain throughout the 15th century. European presence began with the arrival of the Portuguese in 1511, followed by the Dutch in 1605, English in 1612, and French in 1662. Notably, Constantine Phaulkon, a Greek individual, became a court official in Thailand by 1675.
He allowed France to station troops in Thailand, but he was overthrown in 1688 and the French were forced out. Following this, Thailand implemented an isolationist approach, severing ties with Europe until the early 19th century.
In 1765, the Burmese invaded Ayuthaya and successfully overtook the capital, causing its destruction in 1767. Nonetheless, in 1769, a general called Phraya Taksin assumed the role of king and established a fresh capital at Thoburi, located on the
opposite side of the river from Bangkok. Furthermore, he expanded his dominion by conquering various regions including Laos and other parts of Southeast Asia.
However, King Taksin was removed from power in a coup in 1782 due to his delusions. He was replaced by a general named Chao Phraya Chakri, who became known as Rama I. Rama I had Taksin executed and also relocated the capital to Bangkok. Following Rama I's reign, his son Rama II succeeded him in 1809 and ruled until 1824.
During the reigns of Rama III (1824-1851) and Rama IV or Mongkut, Thai culture flourished. Rama IV permitted British residents in Thailand and facilitated free trade with them. Additionally, he established treaties with various other Western countries and promoted the study of Western science.
Rama V (1868-1901) made several important changes during his reign in Thailand. He eliminated the requirement for subjects to bow down in front of the king, abolished both slavery and corvee, which was a labor tax. Additionally, he implemented significant government reforms. Despite the efforts to avoid European colonization, Thailand had to hand over Laos to France in 1893.
In addition, in 1907 he handed over Cambodia to France, while in 1909 he was compelled to give up territory in Malaya to Britain. Bangkok (Laem Chabang), Thailand: This vast city is the residence of over eight million inhabitants. It is a captivating location where elegant dancers showcase their talents wearing shimmering silk garments, temples with spires covered in gold leaf house graceful Buddha statues, and riverboats navigate through a perplexing network of canals. As the only country in Southeast Asia to avoid colonial conquest, Bangkok serves as the nation's economic,
cultural, and spiritual core. Must-see sites include Phuket, which is Thailand's largest island, pronounced as "phuu get."
Phuket is a peninsula that stretches for 48 km along the west coast of Southern Thailand, facing the Andaman Sea. Connected to the southern tip of Phang Nga Province by two substantial road bridges, it is known for its diverse beaches. The western region of Phuket includes popular areas such as Bang Thao, Kamala, Karon, Kata, Laem Sing, Mai Khao, Nai Thon, Nai Yang, and Patong - which is famous for its vibrant nightlife. On the other hand, the southeastern part of Phuket encompasses offbeat beaches like Chalong Bay, Cape Panwa, Nai Han, Rawai, and Ya Nui. Chalong Bay serves as a major harbor for boats heading to Phang Nga Bay.
The interior of Phuket, which includes Bang Rong, Ko Sire, Phuket Town, Phra Taew National Park, and Thalang, is often overlooked by foreign visitors. However, the popular destination in this region is Phuket Town. The area offers natural beauty such as mangrove forests, fishing villages, rubber and pineapple plantations, small Muslim communities,and shrimp farms. For those who want to avoid tourist crowds,the tranquil escape offered by the Phra Taew National Park and the Gibbon Project is highly recommended.
Phang Nga Bay is famous for its stunning limestone cliffs,caves,mangroves,fishing villages,and James Bond Island. It includes islands like Ko Bon,Ko Hae,Ko Lon,Ko Mai Thon,Ko Maphrao,Ko Racha,and Ko Yao.
Attractions:
One of the popular activities to enjoy in sheltered bays all around Phuket is snorkeling.
The reefs at Patong, Karon, and Kata beaches are easily accessible and provide a particularly enjoyable experience. Visitors can rent fins, masks, and snorkels from shops all over the island on
a daily basis. There are also options for full and half day trips to the surrounding islands of Phuket. Some of the most popular islands to visit are Ko Hae, Ko Racha Yai, Ko Khai (a hidden gem in Phang Nga Bay), and Ko Phi Phi.
There are numerous budget-friendly tour options available that can accommodate up to 65 people on speedboats. It is advisable to do some research and consider your choices before committing to any specific tour. Racha and Phi Phi Islands offer snorkeling trips that can be booked through agencies selling comprehensive day trips within and outside Phuket Island. The price range for group tours varies from 1,400 baht/person to 3,900 baht/person. The quality and safety of the tours generally align with the prices charged. The less expensive speedboat tours typically have a duration of approximately....
Speedboats equipped with 2 engines have a capacity of 30-35 passengers, whereas those with 3 engines can carry 50-60+ passengers. Budget-friendly tours can accommodate over 100 individuals in a speedboat. However, exclusive tours typically restrict the number of passengers to around 15 to 18 on speedboats with two engines. To ensure accuracy, it is crucial to inquire about the precise number of guests on board.
It is advisable to be wary of tour desks that may deceive customers in order to make more money from cheaper tours, as these desks receive large commissions. To guarantee satisfactory service, it is recommended to directly contact the tour company. Moreover, having a larger number of passengers on a boat will lead to longer times for boarding and getting off at each stop, thus reducing the amount of time individuals have off the
boat. Crowded boats can be unpleasant and unsafe, especially when encountering rough waters. Currently, there are only a limited number of private companies that offer small group tours (specifically three; one of them is mentioned below).
The price range for full day tours is between 3,200 baht and 3,900 baht (no discounts are available; bookings must be made directly). These tours include visits to all the main attractions, better quality lunches (ranging from picnic meals to sit-down restaurant meals by the seaside), complete sets of snorkeling gear, transportation by minibus, fresh tropical fruits, snacks, and drinks on board, a foreign owner/guide, small tour groups, a focus on safety, and a national park fee. The marinas can all be found on the eastern side of the island, making them an ideal starting point for exploring the natural wonders of Phang Nga Bay. Many traditional junk-rigged boats are available there for day trips, along with real sailing yachts. Phuket offers sailing yachts of various sizes and for all budgets for those looking to explore the beautiful surrounding islands through a yacht charter.
Sailing Thailand Island Cruises offers a variety of sailing catamarans, ranging from affordable to luxurious options. Most of these catamarans are located in Chalong Bay. The first inhabitants of Cambodia used stone tools for farming. However, around 1,500 BC, they started using bronze tools and weapons. Eventually, around 500 BC, they transitioned to iron tools. The emergence of the first civilization in the region occurred approximately in 150 AD within the Mekong River delta located in South Vietnam. This civilization was known as Fu-nan by the Chinese and played a significant role in Cambodian society's development
through trade relations with China.
During the early 7th century AD, settlements and kingdoms in Cambodia experienced significant expansion, leading to the emergence of a sophisticated society. Initially, Cambodia was fragmented into competing states; nevertheless, in the early 9th century, King Jayavarman II established the Khmer Empire in Cambodia.
The Khmer Empire, similar to other ancient societies, was primarily agrarian with a significant population of farmers. While there were numerous craftsmen, the majority of individuals depended on rice as their primary sustenance. The Khmers held animistic beliefs, perceiving spirits inhabiting natural elements like the earth and trees. Over time, they also adopted Hinduism and Buddhism from India, peacefully coexisting with their customary faiths.
The only stone buildings in Cambodia were fine temples constructed by the rich and powerful. These temples were adorned with exquisite stone carvings. Angkor Wat, built in the early 12th century, is the most renowned among these temples. Cambodia thrived as a prosperous and mighty nation during this time.
In approximately 1000 AD, King Jayavarman V of Cambodia was killed, resulting in a period of internal conflict. Eventually, Suryavarman I established a new dynasty and took control of Cambodia by 1011. However, this dynasty ended in 1080 when it was replaced by another ruling family. In 1177, the Chams from Champa, located on the coast of Vietnam, invaded Cambodia. Nevertheless, King Jayavarman VII successfully expelled them by 1183 and asserted his power over them between 1203 and 1220, ultimately compelling the Chams to acknowledge his authority.
Despite facing decline in the mid-13th century, the Khmer kingdom was captured by the Thais in 1431, leading to the abandonment of Angkor, the Cambodian capital. As a result, a new
capital called Phnom Phen was established. Eventually, Angkor became overgrown with jungle until it was accidentally rediscovered by a Cambodian king. Throughout the 16th century, Cambodian power continued to decrease.
In the late 16th century, Thailand conquered Cambodia and took control of the capital in 1594. Thai forces ruled over the region until Vietnam's influence began to grow during the mid-17th century.
During the early 17th century, a port called Prey Nokor was controlled by Cambodians in South Vietnam. This port was later renamed Saigon. However, Vietnamese rule took over Prey Nokor in the late 17th century.
During the 18th century, Cambodia found itself in a challenging predicament, wedged between powerful Thailand and Vietnam. Both Thailand and Vietnam conducted military campaigns into Cambodia throughout this period. In 1772, the Thais even destroyed Phnom Phen. Towards the conclusion of the century, the Vietnamese also initiated invasions on Cambodia. As a result, the Cambodian king had no alternative but to request protection from the Thais.
In exchange, Thailand gained control of north-west Cambodia. Sihanoukville, situated on the coastal region of Cambodia, halfway between Thailand and Vietnam along the Bay of Thailand, is a popular destination for tourists from both foreign countries and locals nationwide. The town enjoys a scenic setting, with tropical beaches and islands encompassing three sides. Sihanoukville offers a diverse array of attractions including serene and bustling beaches, seafood delicacies, a variety of dining options, bars, Buddhist Temples, casinos, hotels, and numerous other beach-related activities.
In numerous locations, English is spoken while many French speakers are present. Additionally, approximately 30 other languages are spoken in different guesthouses and restaurants. The town of Sihanoukville, which is encompassed on three sides by
the Bay of Thailand, offers beaches and islands as attractions. From these beaches and surrounding hills, one can catch sight of several of the country's small islands. The beaches themselves boast a variety of features, including grass hut restaurants and bars, rocky areas, a few large resorts, and some pristine sandy beaches.
While enjoying your vacation in town, there are numerous activities to indulge in, especially at the beaches. These activities encompass swimming and sunbathing, as well as embarking on trips to the islands for fishing and snorkeling. Moreover, you have the opportunity to explore various themed restaurants and bars that are owned by individuals from different parts of the world. Additionally, visiting Buddhist temples, engaging in mountain biking and dirt biking adventures are highly popular activities. For shopping and immersing yourself in Cambodian culture, it is also recommended to explore downtown and the central market on foot.
Scuba diving is a popular activity in Sihanoukville. There are many nearby stops to explore outside the downtown area, such as the fishing village at Stung Hauv, Kbal Chay Waterfalls, Ream National Park, and the islands for day trips. If you want to venture further, you can even visit the coastal towns of Kampot, Kep, and Bokor Mountain, which are just 2 hours away. The nightlife in Sihanoukville is vibrant as many beach restaurants stay open until the last customer leaves, allowing the vacation to continue even after daylight ends around 6pm here.
Restaurants in Singapore are lively and offer a diverse range of cuisines including French, Japanese, Italian, and Indian. Additionally, there are 24-hour bars and casinos available.
The earliest historical records of Singapore are mysterious. However, a Chinese account
from the third century refers to it as "Pu-luo-chung" or the "island at the end of a peninsula". Later on, it was named Temasek ("Sea Town") when settlements were established between AD 1298-1299. In the 14th century, this strategically positioned island received a new name.
The city known as Singapore, or Singapura in Sanskrit, was founded by Prince Sang Nila Utama from Palembang. Legend has it that he discovered an unknown creature while on a hunting trip and considered it a good omen. Consequently, he established the city at the location where the animal was sighted. The rulers of ancient Singapura, five kings in total, governed the city. Positioned at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, Singapore became a significant trading hub due to its strategic location for sea routes. Various types of sea vessels, including Chinese junks, Indian ships, Arabian dhows, Portuguese warships, and Buginese schooners, frequented the city. The 19th century marked another crucial era in Singapore's history when modern Singapore was established.
Singapore was already a growing trading post along the Malacca Straits, and Britain saw the need for a port of call in the region. British traders needed a strategic location to refresh and protect their fleet, as well as prevent any advancements by the Dutch. Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles arrived in Singapore on January 29, 1819, after surveying nearby islands as the Lieutenant-Governor of Bencoolen. Recognizing the island's potential, he negotiated a treaty with local rulers and established Singapore as a trading station. The island's policy of free trade attracted merchants from across Asia and even from distant places like the US and the Middle East. In 1832, Singapore became the
central government hub for the Straits Settlements of Penang, Malacca, and Singapore.
With the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 and the advent of the telegraph and steamship, Singapore's significance as a hub for the growing trade between the East and West significantly increased. By 1860, the prosperous country had a population that had grown from only 150 in 1819 to 80,792, primarily consisting of Chinese, Indians, and Malays. However, Singapore's peace and prosperity were severely impacted during World War II when it was attacked by Japanese aircraft on December 8, 1941. Despite once being considered an impenetrable fortress, Singapore fell to the Japanese invasion on February 15, 1942. It remained occupied by the Japanese for the next three and a half years, characterized by immense oppression and significant loss of life. Following Japan's surrender in 1945, the island was transferred to British Military Administration until the dissolution of the Straits Settlement, which included Penang, Melaka, and Singapore.
In March 1946, Singapore became a Crown Colony. In 1959, nationalism resulted in self-government and the country's initial general election. The People's Action Party (PAP) emerged victorious with a majority of 43 seats, thereby making Lee Kuan Yew the first prime minister of Singapore. Subsequently, in 1961, Singapore united with Malaya and combined with the Federation of Malaya, Sarawak, and North Borneo to establish Malaysia in 1963.
Despite initial hope for success, the merger between Singapore and Malaysia proved to be a failure, leading to Singapore's independence on 9 August 1965. By 22 December of the same year, Singapore officially became an independent republic. Today, visitors can explore Singapore's rich historical heritage through various national monuments,
museums, and memorials scattered throughout the city. Make sure to walk along heritage trails and visit iconic landmarks for a complete Singapore experience.
Attractions:
Universal Studios Singapore is situated in the Resort World Sentosa, which includes the recently opened Integrated Resort in April 2010.
Each zone in Universal Studios Singapore provides a unique experience. The park is divided into seven zones, including Madagascar, the Palace of Far Far Away from Shrek, The Lost World featuring dinosaurs, Waterworld, Ancient Egypt with mummies, Sci-fi with a futuristic city, and the famous American cities of Hollywood and New York. Universal Studios Singapore is a top tourist attraction in the country.
Singapore Zoo
Singapore Zoo is a major tourist attraction in Singapore. It showcases thousands of rare animals that will fascinate children and provide a unique experience. Additionally, visitors can enjoy the Night Safari for a different ambiance as the sun sets.
Singapore Zoo offers Rainforest Kidzworld, a play area for children. It features a water play area where kids can have fun in the company of lively wildlife. To add to the excitement, both young and old can enjoy a ride on the animal-themed carousel.
Singapore Botanical Gardens
This forest is situated in the heart of Singapore, right next to Gleneagles Hospital.
The Singapore Botanic Gardens houses a diverse array of plants, many of which are endangered or at risk of becoming extinct. Entrance to this garden is free of charge, and it covers an area of approximately 64 acres. Visitors to this popular tourist destination can appreciate the beautiful scenery and abundant greenery.
There is a swan lake called Swan Lake, located not far from the entrance. The scenery was
difficult to find in the city of Singapore.
Boat Quay and Clarke Quay
Boat Quay and Clarke Quay are filled with restaurants, pubs, and clubs. The atmosphere here is crowded and mixed up, with loud music and light jazz blending into one. This place is visited by club-goers, young executives, couples wanting a romantic dinner, and many foreign tourists.
Singapore Flight Experience
Experience the thrill of riding or piloting a Boeing 737-800NG aircraft, the world's most popular and successful aircraft. You can feel the flight with an experienced instructor who will guide you through every aspect of aviation. With over 20,000 airports worldwide in a database and a fully immersive 180-degree visual cockpit, the sound quality is incredibly similar to the original sound. It truly offers an unforgettable experience.
Singapore Flyer
The Singapore Flyer is the world's largest Ferris wheel, reaching a height of 165 meters. It offers an awe-inspiring 360° panoramic view of Singapore and the surrounding region (scheduled to open in early 2008). Situated in Marina Bay, this attraction is located next to the Retail Terminal, which has three levels featuring a diverse selection of shops and dining options. Inside, there is a central atrium that leads to a lush tropical forest, as well as an outdoor theater that will host stage shows. For budding scientists and future experts in science and technology, the Singapore Science Centre is the ideal destination. With over 850 interactive exhibits, this renowned institution will surely stimulate your mind and showcase the wonders and beauty of science.
The science centre is open from
10:00 am to 18:00 pm, while the Omni-Theatre is open from 10:00 am to 20:00 pm. They are closed on Mondays, except for holidays and school holidays.
National Museum of Singapore
The National Museum of Singapore is the oldest museum in Singapore but embodies the spirit of innovation and youthfulness.
The National Museum of Singapore is known for its sophisticated and diverse approach to presenting history, aiming to redefine the conventional museum experience. In addition to exhibitions and artifacts, the museum also hosts festivals and events that promote creativity and celebrate culture and heritage.
Little India Singapore
Little India Singapore is a wonderful place where you can discover new things. From stalls selling fresh fruit and Indian sweets to unique shops offering affordable clothes and shoes, there is something for everyone. Marina Bay Sands, one of Singapore's two Integrated Resorts, opened in 2010.
After the opening of Resort World Sentosa in early April 2010, Marina Bay Sands was established in the Marina Bay area, alongside Singapore's renowned landmarks such as the Merlion statue, Esplanade, and Singapore Flyer. Marina Bay Sands boasts a wide range of amenities, ensuring that everything you need can be found within this vicinity. These include a casino, SkyPark, hotel, restaurant, cafe, and even a Food Kiosk offering local delights such as chicken rice, Indian curry, and Western-style roast chicken and sandwiches. Additionally, this resort is a haven for avid shoppers.
The largest luxury shopping mall in Singapore is equipped with a variety of world-class retailers and restaurants, making it a top destination for luxury shopping.
Malaysia
The earliest inhabitants of Malaya were Stone Age hunter-gatherers who arrived
around 8,000 BC. Subsequently, Stone Age farmers moved in and displaced them, forcing the hunter-gatherers to retreat to remote areas.
The farmers employed slash and burn agriculture, where they would burn rain forest areas to clear land for crop cultivation. After some time, when the land became depleted, they would proceed to clear a different area. Nevertheless, within a few years, the previously abandoned plot would regain fertility and become engulfed by vegetation.
After 1,000 BC, metal-using farmers arrived in Malaya, making tools out of bronze and iron. They chose to settle along the coast and rivers, relying on both fishing and crop cultivation for sustenance. By the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, centralized states emerged in Malaya.
The most significant state in the North was Kedah, where the Malayans achieved a high level of civilization. This civilization was greatly influenced by India, as the Malayans engaged in extensive trade with India starting from the 3rd century AD and continued to have ongoing contact afterwards.
Malayan laws and writing exhibit Indian influence, and Buddhism and Hinduism were introduced to the region at that period. During the 7th and 8th centuries, the state of Srivijaya, located in Sumatra and with its capital at Palembang, emerged as a dominant power in Malaya. Srivijaya ruled over the coastlines of Java, the Malay Peninsula, and a portion of Borneo.
Although the Srivijayans only had control over the coastal areas, their influence did not reach far into the inland regions. The prosperity of Srivijaya relied on trade with both India and China. By controlling the Melaka Straits, which served as the primary route between the Indian Ocean and China Sea, Srivijaya became wealthy and formidable.
It maintained dominance in the region until the 11th century.
Then, in the 13th century, Srivijaya's power declined and lost complete control. Afterward, Melaka emerged as the dominant force in Malaya. Parameswara, a man who founded Melaka in the late 14th century, initially ruled Temasik on Singapore Island. Nonetheless, he was overthrown by the Thais.
Parameswara and a group of followers escaped and established themselves next to a river known as Bertram. The story goes that while Parameswara was out hunting, a mouse deer suddenly turned and kicked one of his dogs. Taking this incident as a sign, Parameswara chose to establish a settlement in that location. Being situated under a Melaka tree during this event, he named the settlement Melaka.
Parameswara, who converted to Islam, witnessed the arrival of Islam in the region during the 8th century. Between the 14th and 16th centuries, it gained numerous followers. As a result, in the 15th century, the settlement experienced significant growth and prosperity.
The city-state of Melaka gained its wealth and power through trade with Arab, Chinese, and Indian ships. The Portuguese became aware of Melaka's immense wealth and sent an expedition led by Alfonso de Albuquerque in 1511 to conquer it. As a result of the Portuguese artillery, Melaka quickly succumbed to their control.
However, the son of the Sultan of Melaka founded Johor. Kuala Lumpur (Port Klang) is the federal capital and the largest city in Malaysia. It is simply called KL by locals and has grown from a small Chinese tin-mining village to a bustling metropolis of around 6.5 million people (with a city-proper population of 1.8 million) in just 150 years. The name Kuala Lumpur means "muddy
river confluence" in Malay.
With its affordable 5-star hotels, affordable shopping, delicious cuisine, and proximity to natural wonders, this multicultural city offers a range of attractions for all visitors. In addition to its renowned dining and shopping scene, Kuala Lumpur also offers activities like golfing, cycling, running, jogging, and horse riding. Rock climbing enthusiasts can explore the Batu Caves in the Northern suburbs. However, for more demanding physical activities, it is recommended to explore other regions in Malaysia due to its stunning terrain.
As part of Malaysia's efforts to promote cultural expression, numerous exceptional theatres and performance halls have emerged. These establishments include the National Theatre (Istana Budaya) and the KL Performing Arts Centre (KLPac) located in the northern area of the city. Additionally, there is the KL Philharmonic situated in the Twin Towers, and the Actors Studio at Lot 10. The city centre also boasts renowned museums such as the National Museum, providing insights into the history of the region, and the esteemed Islamic Arts Museum which houses a captivating collection. For relaxation and rejuvenation, various five-star hotels and independent centers in the Golden Triangle offer pampering services and spas.
There are various options for nail parlors and beauty salons, which vary in price. Additionally, there are higher-end establishments that offer comparable services at a higher cost. Reflexology and foot massage places are abundant, particularly in Bukit Bintang in the Golden Triangle and in Chinatown. Kuala Lumpur boasts numerous theme parks in and around the city, with Sunway Lagoon in the nearby city of Subang Jaya being the most renowned. Sunway Lagoon features rides, a large water park, an extreme park for thrill-seekers, a scream park for
those seeking a fright, and a petting zoo for children. Sunway Lagoon can be reached within 40 minutes from central Kuala Lumpur in favorable traffic conditions and access is possible by bus or taxi.
If you're looking for some local entertainment, why not catch a football match at the KLFA Stadium in Cheras? Kuala Lumpur FA, a football team based in Kuala Lumpur, competes in the Malaysia Super League, the top division of football in Malaysia. You can find the match schedule and fixture details on the KLFA website. Additionally, if you fancy a breathtaking view, the KL Tower offers a cheaper and superior perspective compared to the Twin Towers. Skyscrapers dominate the scenery, but only one pair truly stands out with their impressive glass and steel structures.
While Kuala Lumpur (KL) may be known as a concrete jungle, there are still some natural treasures that can be reached using public transportation. One such gem is the FRIM Forest Reserve. To get there, you can take the KTM Komuter and alight at Kepong before taking a short taxi ride. The trails at FRIM are not too challenging, and for a fee of RM5, you can even experience walking on a canopy walkway and enjoy a stunning view of KL on a clear day. Additionally, within the FRIM compound, there is a charming tea house where you can indulge in various local teas and snacks.
Penang is the second smallest state in Malaysia, both in terms of area and population. It consists of two parts – Penang Island, which is where the government is located, and Seberang Perai (formerly known as Province Wellesley) on the Malay Peninsula. Penang
is highly urbanized and industrialized, making it one of the most advanced and economically significant states in Malaysia. It is also a popular tourist spot. In terms of Human Development Index, Penang ranks third in Malaysia, following Kuala Lumpur and Selangor.
Penang has a diverse population, with different ethnicities, cultures, languages, and religions. The locals are commonly referred to as Penangites.
Attractions:
One of the top attractions in Penang is Penang Hill, also known as Flagstaff Hill or Bukit Bendera. It stands at 821 meters above sea level and offers a refreshing escape from the heat below. A visit to Penang Hill is a must when on the island, as it provides breathtaking panoramic views of the entire island. On a clear day, you can even see as far as Seberang Perai.
A funicular train transports visitors to the top of the hill in thirty minutes. At the summit, there is a restaurant, a Hindu temple, a church, a mosque, and a snake show where you can pay to take pictures with a friendly python. Kek Lok Si Temple, located in Ayer Itam, is widely considered the largest Buddhist temple complex in Southeast Asia. Sitting atop a hill in this small town, the temple complex was established over a century ago and boasts beautifully designed gardens and sacred temples. One notable feature is the seven-tiered Pagoda of 1000 Buddha’s, which showcases a magnificent assortment of Buddha statues crafted from various valuable materials and incorporates elements of Thai, Chinese, and Burmese architectural styles.
Within the temple complex, you can find the statues of The Four Heavenly Kings, who guard the four points of the compass - North, South,
West, and East - with The Laughing Buddha statue in the center. Penang Road, in Georgetown, is similar to Hollywood's Rodeo Drive and is considered the most important road on the island. It
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