Bipolar disorder: Causes, symptoms, types, and treatment Essay Example

of 20 years, while self-harm happens in 30-40 percent. Other psychological well-being issues, for example, anxiety disorder and substance use disorder are related.” (McCormick, Murray & McNew, 2015)

What causes bipolar disorder is not obviously understood, but rather both the surroundings and hereditary components play a part in the pathology and origin of the disorder. Numerous genes of little impact add to chance. Environmental factors incorporate a past filled with child mistreatment. “It is isolated into bipolar I disorder if there is no less than one maniac episode and bipolar II disorder if there are no less than both one major depressive and hypomanic episode. In those with less severe side effects of a prolonged duration, the condition cyclothymic disorder might be available.” If because of medications or medicinal issues it is classified independently. Different conditions that may display in a comparable way incorporate consideration deficiency hyperactivity disorder, identity disorder and also various medicinal conditions. Therapeutic tests are crucial in the conclusion of diagnosis. Be that as it may, blood tests or therapeutic imaging should be possible to preclude different issues. ("What you will need to know about bipolar disorder - American Nurse Today", 2011)

Doctors do not entirely comprehend the reasons for bipolar disorder. Be that as it may, they've picked up a more prominent understanding as of late of the bipolar spectrum, which incorporates the elated highs of insanity to the lows of real depression, alongside different mood states between these two extremes. Bipolar disorder appears to keep regularly running in families, and there seems, by all accounts, to be a hereditary or genetic part to this mood disorder. There is additionally developing proof that

environment and way of life issues affect the disorder's seriousness. Upsetting life occasions - or liquor or medication abuse - can make the bipolar disorder more hard to treat. “Specialists believe bipolar disorder is partly brought about by a hidden issue with particular brain circuits and the adjust of cerebrum chemicals called neurotransmitters.”("What you will need to know about bipolar disorder - American Nurse Today", 2011)
“Three cerebrum chemicals - noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, and dopamine - are included in both body and brain functions. Norepinephrine and serotonin have been reliably connected to psychiatric mood disorders, for example, depression and bipolar disorder. Dopamine is commonly related to the pleasure system of the mind. Interruption to the dopamine framework is associated with psychosis and schizophrenia, a severe mental disorder portrayed by contortions in actuality and irrational thought behaviors and patterns.”(McCormick, Murray & McNew, 2015)

The brain substance serotonin is related to numerous body capacities, for example, rest, attentiveness, eating, sexual movement, impulsivity, learning, and memory. Specialists trust that anomalous working of mind circuits that include serotonin as a substance delivery person add to the state of mind issue (discouragement and bipolar disorder).

Numerous investigations of bipolar affected individuals and people from their families have come to show bipolar disorder in families having the gene can keep running in those families. Maybe the most persuading information has originated from a study carried out in twins. In a study of indistinguishable twins, researchers report that one of the two invisible twins is tested positive for bipolar disorder, the unaffected twin has a more prominent risk of creating bipolar disorder in the family than any other child. Scientists presume; the lifetime risk of

an indistinguishable twin (whose other twin has bipolar) to likewise create bipolar confusion is around forty percent to seventy percent.
Studies at Stanford University that investigated the hereditary association of bipolar disorder in families and distinguished children that have a biological father or mother with bipolar I or bipolar II disorder, their probability of getting bipolar disorder is increased. The bipolar individuals in the study who in their childhood, had a history of ADHD will probably have kids who have bipolar disorder instead of ADHD. ("Causes of Bipolar Disorder", 2016)

Mania, the characterizing feature of the bipolar issue, and can happen with various heights of seriousness. With reduced levels of mania, which is referred to as hypomania, people seem lively, volatile, and might be exceptionally productive. As mania gets worse, patients display impulsive and unpredictable behavior, frequently settling on poor choices because of farfetched thoughts regarding the coming years, and rest for a short period. “Biological mechanisms in charge of changing from a manic or hypomanic episode to a depressive scene or the other way around remain inadequate understood.” ("The ups and downs of bipolar disorder", 2016)

Treatment usually incorporates psychotherapy, also the prescription of drugs, such as the state of mind antipsychotics and stabilizers. Samples of disposition stabilizers which are used incorporate anticonvulsants and lithium. Healing center treatment or a psyche ward without the said person’s consent might be required on occasions especially situations where individuals might be a cause of danger to themselves and those surrounding them yet deny treatment. “Severe behavioral issues might managed with short-term antipsychotics or benzodiazepines. In times of lunacy or mania, it is suggested that antidepressants be halted. If the use

of antidepressants is present for periods of depression, they ought to be used with a mood or mindset stabilizer.”

Electric shock therapy might be useful for the individuals who don't react positively to different medications and other modes of treatment. On the off chance that treatment is ceased, it is recommended that this is done slowly. Numerous people have financial, social or business related problems because of the sickness. These troubles happen a quarter to 33% of the time by average. “The risk of death from ordinary causes, for example, heart disease is twice that of the general community. This is because of a poor way of life decisions and the symptoms and side effects from drugs.” (Crowe et al., 2010)

Another mode of treatment is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). This is one of the key types of psychosocial treatments. It is modeled on the relationship between thoughts, emotions and behaviors. This mode corrects inaccurate and distorted thoughts which may lead to more productive feeling and reactions. Family-Focused Therapy (FFT) this is a method of treatment where the patients and family are taught about the nature of the illness. This treatment type focusses on the family and what sort of issues may cause family and patient stress and strive to find a way for the family members to fix the difficulties and conflicts. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy is specially designed for those few individuals that have experienced some mood episodes. This person still do struggle with chronic, pervasive depressive and residual manic symptoms. Group sessions are carried out for this mode of therapy.

The role of nurses

Through psycho-education, nurses can make a positive contribution by assisting the patient not to

relapse. They also take physical care of the patient when the patient gets random maniac episodes. The nurse will also support the patient and pull them through maniac episodes by providing assurance and hope of getting sound mind.

Conclusion

Bipolar disorder is a life threatening disease so people should not be afraid of being diagnosed as bipolar. The best thing to do is to support the individual affected and reassure them that all will be well within a short period. Since one may not know if they have bipolar disorder, it is important if people would take it upon themselves to get tested if they experience some of the symptoms. This is beneficial since one may save themselves from themselves; in that, some people get too violent and may result to injuring themselves or even committing suicide.

References

1. The ups and downs of bipolar disorder. (2016). Nursingcenter.com. Retrieved 7 April 2016, from <http://www.nursingcenter.com/cearticle?an=00152258-201311000-00011=417221=1612433>
2. What you need to know about bipolar disorder - American Nurse Today. (2011). American Nurse Today. Retrieved 7 April 2016, from <http://americannursetoday.com/what-you-need-to-know-about-bipolar-disorder/>
3. Crowe, M., Whitehead, L., Wilson, L., Carlyle, D., O’Brien, A., Inder, M., & Joyce, P. (2010). Disorder-specific psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder—A systematic review of the evidence for mental health nursing practice. International Journal Of Nursing Studies, 47(7), 896-908. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.02.012>
4. McCormick, U., Murray, B., & McNew, B. (2015). Diagnosis and treatment of patients with bipolar disorder: A review for advanced practice nurses. Journal Of The American Association Of Nurse Practitioners, 27(9), 530-542. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2327-6924.12275>
5. Causes of Bipolar Disorder. (2016). WebMD. Retrieved 8 April 2016, from <http://www.webmd.com/bipolar-disorder/guide/bipolar-disorder-causes