Air Pollution in Prishtina Caused by Emission Essay Example

increase in the number of cars in Pristina, with many of them being old and lacking catalytic converters. The lifespan of vehicles in Pristina ranges from 5 years to over 15 years.

Power Plants. The main source of pollution in Pristina is the Kosovo An and B control plants. These plants contribute significantly to the contamination of air with the mentioned gases. The vitality consumed in Pristina is primarily generated by the Kosovo An and B control plants, accounting for 97%, while only 3% comes from water. According to the state report for environmental conditions in Kosovo, both power plants have exceeded the air limit of 400 mg/Nm3, the NO2 limit of 500 mg/Nm3, and the dust emission limit of 50 mg/Nm3.

Termokos is a heating company in Pristina that uses oil and gas for operation. They have coverage in most neighborhoods of the city. However, there are certain problems associated with Termokos. These include the loss of water and energy during distribution, incomplete coverage of central heating throughout the entire city, and the absence of alternative energy sources like solar heating. In Pristina, households mainly rely on wood for heating purposes. It is a common practice for households to utilize old sofas without filters, which leads to the release of pollutants into the air.

The main focus of this paragraph is to discuss and compare the actions taken by the government of Kosovo in addressing air pollution, specifically related to vehicle emissions. The paragraph also explores the importance of investing in renewable resources and emphasizes the role individuals can play in reducing pollution. Governments have implemented strict measures to combat the significant contribution of vehicle emissions to

air pollution. Research suggests that reducing charges for importing new vehicles could encourage people to buy cars that are less polluting. However, imposing higher taxes on older vehicles may not be effective due to affordability constraints. It is crucial for governments to implement mandatory periodic emission tests.

In America, driver's licenses must be renewed every year, while in Italy cars are required to undergo a review test every two years and have any problems fixed before they can be driven on the roads. Moreover, cities like Rome promote car sharing through mobile apps, enabling people with similar routes to connect and share a vehicle. This helps save money on fuel and maintenance as well as reduce traffic congestion and emissions. As a result, car sharing has become a significant industry for specialized companies in large urban areas.

The utilization of a mobile phone application allows multiple individuals to rent a single car within the same day. The cars, which belong to a specific company, can be easily identified by their color and logo and are parked at various locations in the city center. Users have the capability to reserve, unlock, and pay for the car through the app for only the necessary duration and distance. After the rental period ends, users can conveniently park the car in a nearby designated area so that it is easily accessible for the next user. This system helps reduce traffic congestion and emissions while providing transportation options for individuals who don't own their own vehicle.

In Rome, as well as other capital cities, a measure called the Limited Traffic Zone (ZTL) is implemented. In a ZTL, vehicles that emit high levels of

pollution are prohibited, such as those labeled Euro 0, 1, and 2. However, vehicles with Euro 3 or higher labels, as well as hybrid and electric engines, are allowed to enter the ZTL. Taxis and buses are also exempt from the restrictions. This encourages people to use public transport or buy cars that have lower emission levels. In addition, incentives are created to promote the use of bicycles and electric scooters, particularly during the summer.

One way to achieve this is by transforming car parking areas into green parks and implementing pedestrian zones in the city center. In Helsinki, these measures have been successfully implemented on various inner city roads. Furthermore, there has been an increase in investment in public transportation, making it more affordable and reducing ticket costs. Although investing in renewable and sustainable energy presents a significant challenge, it remains one of the most effective measures to take.

Extensive research has led to the development of multiple methods for producing relatively clean energy, including wind mills, solar panels, hydroelectric plants, wave power systems, bioenergy, landfill gas, and waste incineration (although the latter is becoming outdated and still emits some pollutants). Recycling is now widely embraced.

In 1999, Kosovo had four hydroelectric power plants with a capacity of 70MW. However, these power plants stopped working after the war and their renovation is still pending. If the Government of Kosovo decides to recondition the hydroelectric power plants of Lumbardhi, Dikanci, Radavci, and Burimi, it will significantly reduce air pollution in the country. Currently, 97% of national electricity production in Kosovo relies on coal combustion, while only 3% comes from renewable resources.

The government has proposed various solutions in recent

years to address this issue. For example, Luan Shllaku, the director of Kosovo Foundation for Open Society, suggested replacing the aging Kosovo A lignite power plant with a new plant located in the Dukagjini valley. This location has ample reserves of lignite and sufficient water supply to sustain the plant's operations. Additionally, its distance from Pristina would help mitigate dangerous emission levels.

In October 2018, Valdrin Lluka, the Minister of Economic Development emphasized the importance of replacing and rehabilitating conventional generator capacities in Kosovo. This includes replacing the oldest lignite power plant (Kosovo A) and attracting investments to reduce emissions from Kosovo B power plant. Lluka highlighted that current emissions from Kosovo B are twenty times higher than what is considered acceptable under existing standards.There is a growing trend in Kosovo towards enforcing regulations and legislation on the construction of eco-friendly buildings, which are more efficient and sustainable. These green buildings aim to reduce their environmental impact significantly.

Currently, in Kosovo, the majority of buildings lack modern design and proper insulation, resulting in excessive heat in summer (such as the Prime Minister Office Building with its large glass facade) and coldness in winter. This leads to increased energy consumption for air conditioning and heating. While government intervention is necessary, individuals should also adopt good practices to reduce emissions and protect the environment. One way is by investing in green areas and gardens on our properties using plants that eliminate harmful particles and improve indoor and outdoor air quality. Additionally, we encourage greater use of public transportation instead of relying on private vehicles on a daily basis.

Public transportation, such as buses, should not be considered a source of

embarrassment. Rather, it represents advancement and an efficient means of utilizing resources while mitigating environmental impact. Nations like Hong Kong (with 80% usage), Kenya (with 63% usage), and Russia (with 57% usage) have embraced public transportation. In summary, we initially tackled the issue of pollution and its adverse effects on health. Subsequently, we examined various causes of pollution. Lastly, we proposed potential solutions for decreasing pollution. Our aim was to raise awareness about the significant problem of air pollution and implore society to take action.

It is a global issue with effects not limited to one person or community. Will other countries and NGOs find solutions for Kosovo, or will Kosovo find solutions for itself?