Social disorganization is when society members are unable to establish social values and solve prevalent community problems. Its origins can be attributed to certain conditions, typically found in urban centers, where low-income individuals must reside due to mass rural-urban migration. The mixing of people from different cultural backgrounds contributes to residential instability. As a result, the community creates certain structural characteristics that are linked to delinquency and crime. (Cree E.)
According to Viviene (2000, pp 34), the dynamics of cites are governed by competition, similar to that in any other ecosystem under the principles of Darwinian evolution. As the population of different activities grew within certain areas, competition for resources resulted in scattering. The subsequent reorganization saw the emergence of distinctive zones that shared equivalent ecological pressures. With natural growth, new elements invaded and led to further re
...organization to accommodate the incoming pressure.
Cree E. Viviene (2000, pp 67) explains that disorganization initially occurs due to disruption and subsequent breakdown of normal structure leading to deviant behavior. Social disorganization theories assume that having well-networked social organizations can prevent crime and delinquency in society by providing neighborhood members with good information about each other and maintaining good relationships. This is essential as it greatly influences children who will shape the future of society. As the community expands, informal surveillance increases since residents become more isolated from outsiders.
Areas with high poverty and diverse ethnicities have higher rates of delinquency, which is primarily found in urban areas but can also occur in rural locations. Rural communities may be affected by the criminal behaviors of urban residents, although they may not face as many issues with alienation and mental
health challenges. The increase in population reduces opportunities for socialization and surveillance due to decreased familiarity between individuals. A community's ability to establish and maintain social relationships may be impacted by factors such as residential instability, ethnic diversity, family disruption, economic status, population growth, and proximity to urban centers. Overall, there is a direct correlation between societal variables and crime rates (Bush M.).
According to L (1992, pp 89), crime in urban areas is commonly attributed to young people who join teenage peer-groups, particularly street gangs, and eventually become dedicated criminals. The lack of effective social control to curb their delinquent behavior during their developmental years contributes to this trend. To make matters worse, children from families with poor bonding are more likely to become entrenched in violent gang activities. This risk is compounded when these families do not provide adequate supervision and incomplete social guidance.
According to Mcallister Ian (2003, pp 57), disorganized societies are hotbeds for illegal activities like drug dealing, gambling, prostitution, and firearms trade. Organized crime thrives in these areas and even have the support of law enforcement and politicians. This makes it challenging to eradicate organized crime from disorganized societies, making it a formidable force to contend with in these communities.
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