question

Persuasion Technique: Blend ____ with opinion.

answer

"fact"

question

In a persuasive paper, express your _______ in the thesis statement.

answer

opinion

question

Thesis statement

answer

usually stated at the end of the first paragraph

question

Body

answer

supports thesis with reasons and evidence

question

conclusion

answer

sums up writers main points and revisits the thesis

question

Persuasive appeal elements: 1. Logos: ? 2. Pathos: ? 3. Ethos: ?

answer

Logos: Appeal to logic Pathos: Appeal to emotions Ethos: Present yourself as trustworthy and credible

question

Logos

answer

Logical appeal; Holds the argument up; reasoning; evidence; testimonies from experts

question

Pathos

answer

emotional appeal; appeals to impulses, feelings; uses emotionally charged language, examples, and anecdotes

question

Ethos

answer

How you present yourself to the reader. How are you qualified? Reasonable, trustworthy, authoritative, respectful to other opinions, stay focused on the issue, use accurate info, and never misrepresent the facts

question

Persuasive Writing states an _______ on a subject and uses facts, reasons, and examples to convince readers.

answer

opinion

question

In the____________ , capture the audiences attention, present the issue, and express your opinion in a thesis statement.

answer

introduction

question

In the ______________________, present reasons, facts, examples and expert opinions to support your opinions.

answer

body of supporting paragraphs

question

In the _________, present a summary or strong conclusive evidence--logically drawn from the arguments--that drives home the writers opinion.

answer

conclusion

question

Strong persuasive text:

answer

-considers a whole range of info and views on the topic and represents them honestly and accurately -offers counter-arguments based on evidence to anticipate and address objections -analyzes the relative value of specific data, facts, and ideas.

question

Persuasive essays are primarily made up of two types of statements:

answer

facts and opinions.

question

fact

answer

statement that can be proved

question

opinion

answer

belief or judgement that cannot be proved; personal judgments, interpretations, preferences, predictions that differ from person to person.

question

In persuasive essays, the soundest opinions are those supported by factual evidence, logical arguments, or ____.

answer

both

question

Create a local argument by fitting the facts together so they lead to a reasonable ________.

answer

conclusion

question

generalization

answer

state a rule or a principle based on fact and experience; helps you develop a strong thesis statement for your essay.

question

hasty generalizations

answer

Reasoning, with broad generalizations based on insufficient evidence. Often lead to misleading or false conclusions. To avoid this you must examine particular experiences so that you can draw a sound conclusion. You can make hasty generalizations more sound if you limit them to some, many, or most cases instead of all cases.

question

Avoiding Hasty Generalizations

answer

-Examine several facts or examples. -Be sure your examples represent the whole group. -Check reliable authorities to confirm your generalization. -Be able to explain any exceptions. -Avoid words like all, complete, always, never, & none, because they suggest that there are no exceptions. -Limit your generalization by using words like some, many, most, probably, often, and sometimes.

question

Proper adjectives are formed from proper nouns.

answer

...

question

Capitalize most proper adjectives.

answer

Hawaiian pineapples Roman citizen Danish accent American cities

question

Capitalize only the part of a compound adjective that is a proper noun or proper adjective.

answer

pro-American Mexican American Japanese-made

question

Use capital letters in titles of persons, written works, and other works of art.

answer

...

question

Capitalize a title showing office, rank, or profession when the title come directly before a persons name. The title is usually not capitalized when it follows a name.

answer

Senator Ames. Harnold Ames, our new senator.

question

Capitalize a title that is used alone when it is substituted for a persons name in direct address. The titles President, Vice Present, Chief Justice, and Queen of England are capitalized when they stand alone.

answer

President and vice president are capitalized when they stand alone only if they refer to the current president and vice president.

question

Capitalize a title showing a family relationship when it comes directly before a persons name, when it is used as a name, or when it is substituted for a persons name.

answer

Did you call Uncle David? Is Dad going too? May I go with you, Mom?

question

Do not capitalize titles showing family relationships when they are preceded by a possessive noun or pronoun--unless they are considered part of a persons name.

answer

Jerry's aunt is visiting from Utah. Jerry's Aunt Mildred is visiting from Utah.

question

Capitalize the first, the last, and all other important words in the titles of books, stories, poems, newspapers, magazines, movies, plays, television productions, musical compositions, and other works of art.

answer

Do not capitalize a short preposition (under five letters), a conjunction, or an article in these works unless it is the first word in a title.

question

The word "the" as the first word in a newspapers or magazines name is usually not capitalized, except in The New Work Times.

answer

...

question

For persuasive presentations, you have to consider not only how the information is organized rationally, but how it will appeal emotionally to your reader or viewer. You have to pay attention to the overall appeal of your message.

answer

...

question

monroe's motivated sequence

answer

arranging information to motivate the audience to respond positively to your purpose.

question

Monroe's motivated sequence steps

answer

1. attention 2.need 3. satisfaction 4. visualization 5. action

question

attention

answer

most important step, will grab your audience.

question

need

answer

demonstrates the audience needs something. Where the bulk of your supporting material is. Statistics, anecdotes and facts. feel like they know something.

question

satisfaction

answer

answer and solution to need. what your telling them will satisfy the need you brought up. statistics, illustration, makes solution appealing.

question

visualization

answer

intensify the audiences feelings and beliefs... visualize the way their situation might be if they were to "see it your way." take it beyond present time and place. you can use a positive or negative visualization of might happen.

question

action step

answer

"home stretch." make sure need is satisfied, and get people off their booties.

question

In a persuasive essay, your want to persuade your audience to __________ and perhaps to take an action that you suggest.

answer

adopt your point of view

question

Your first step, is to develop a logical and ________ argument that supports your opinion.

answer

reasonable

question

The subject you choose should be ______________--one about which people tend to disagree.

answer

controversial

question

Guidelines for Choosing a Subject

answer

-Choose a subject related to an issue that is important to you. -Choose a subject about an issue on which people hold very different opinions. -Choose a subject that you can support with examples, reasons, and facts from your own experiences or from other reliable sources. -Choose a subject for which there is an audience whose beliefs or behavior you would like to influence.

question

Why know your audience?

answer

Learn as much as possible about that audience in advance in order to decide whether you can successfully persuade them or move them to action. Knowing your audience well also helps you choose the best material to support your argument.

question

Questions for Analyzing an Audience

answer

-What does my audience already know about my subject? -What is my audiences point of view about my subject? -Do they already agree or disagree with my position? -What are the opinions and behavior of my audience? -Are there any sensitive issues I should be aware of?

question

thesis statement

answer

A statement of the point of view you will argue for in your essay. Avoid a statement of fact or of personal preference. Often it will take the form of a recommendation for action.

question

guidelines for development a thesis statement

answer

-choose a debatable opinion--one that has two sides -state the thesis simply and directly in one sentence -avoid hasty generalizations by limiting your statement. -give a supportable opinion or a recommendation for action as you consider the whole range of info on the topic, continue to revise the thesis statement until it is clear cut and defensible and covers all the evidence.

question

Be sure to select factual evidence that supports your opinion, and also evidence that refutes it so that you can address opposing views in your essays. whats the pro and con in this process?

answer

supports your opinion=pro evidence that refutes it=con

question

guidelines for development an argument

answer

-List pros and cons in separate columns in your notes. Be prepared to address the opposing views point by point. -Use facts and examples rather than more opinions to support your opinions, but evaluate them to determine their relative value. -If those with the opposing view have a good point, admit it. Then show why the point isn't enough to sway your opinion such an admission is called conceding a point, and it will strengthen your credibility. -Use polite and reasonable language rather than words that show bias or overcharged emotions. -Refer to respected authorities who agree with your position.

question

conceding a point

answer

when those with the opposing view have a good point, admit it. then show why the point isn't enough to sway your opinion.

question

counter-agrument

answer

an answer to each objection.

question

Order of importance

answer

beginning with the least important point and working up to the most important, to help your audience remember your most convincing points.

question

Strong transitions that are great when conceding a point or showing contrasting ideas

answer

although, admittedly, however, instead, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the other hand, still ,while it is true that

question

Tips for Organizing and outlining a persuasive text

answer

-revise the thesis statement, if necessary, to express your view. -analyze the relative value of the data, facts, and examples in the supporting evidence you prepared. then list at least three points that support your position in the order of least to most important. leave two blank lines under each point. -assign each of your three points a roman numeral, as in an outline. -add at least two supporting points under each roman numeral

question

introduction

answer

explain the relevance of the topic to youraudience... how topic relates to them... preview the main points, summarize what is coming

question

conclusion

answer

end of the speech, draws everything together, indicates what to do or believe a. summarize main points b. restate purpose c. Call to action d. round off

question

restate purpose

answer

brief restatement of purpose, tell em' what you told them

question

call to action

answer

Calls them to act

question

round off

answer

balanced circular feel... connecting everything back to the attention getter

question

Usually if you give the ______in the introduction, your statement of purpose is also revealed.

answer

thesis

question

Precise, vivid language

answer

helps to sketch a writers message in the readers mind.

question

Specific words

answer

help readers visualize what they read and bring written descriptions to life.

question

Specific words leave a deeper impression than dull, _______ words do.

answer

general

question

An effective way to capture your audiences attention is to begin with a startling ____ or a probing _____.

answer

fact;question

question

Appeals to ____ (the audiences sense of right and wrong), appeal to _____ (the audiences sense of logic), and appeals to ____ (the audiences emotions).

answer

ethos;logos;pathos

question

Devices for making appeals

answer

descriptions, anecdotes, case studies, analogies, illustrations

question

Descriptions

answer

well crafted descriptions that help give your persuasive writing the punch of a visual documentary

question

Anecdotes

answer

stories that illustrate a point in a personal way

question

Analogies

answer

comparisons between two things alike in important ways but differ in many others

question

Illustrations

answer

Verbal or graphic representations of specific aspects of the controversy

question

Case studies

answer

a close look at individual cases involved in a controversy as a way to provide depth.

question

fallacy

answer

statement that can be proven logically but isn't actually true, is used either on purpose or accidentally to obscure your sense of reason. An error in logic.

question

Two considerations you need to make when delivering an effective speech are the _____, or way you arrange your words, and ________, or the phrases you use to connect and move between parts of your argument.

answer

style; transitions

question

transitions

answer

flow, helps the audience figure out where you are.... bridge between two differ parts of a speech... briefly summarize whats been discussed briefly preview whats coming up next provide a link between two ideas... not only, but also... in addition too, furthermore...however...

question

sign posts

answer

cues that indicate where you are in the structure of a speech first, second, third...pauses...changes in rate, pitch or volume

question

style

answer

pattern of choices in the use of language

question

Revising Your Speech: Is it appropriate to your purpose, audience, and context or occasion?

answer

-Does your introduction challenge your audience? -Is your thesis statement a strong and clear statement of your position on the issue? -Can your facts be strengthened by better examples? -Have you overlooked any important points? -Have you conceded a point? In other words, have you admitted that an opposing point has validity but is not strong enough to sway you? -Are there words you might use that have more impact? -Does your conclusion work?

question

argumentum ad hominem/ Ad hominem "argument against the man" fallacy

answer

criticize the character of their opponent instead of concentrating on the issue.

question

Ad Hominem Fallacy

answer

Its illogical for a writer to use positive aspects of a persons personaility as a basis of the argument.

question

Either-or Fallacy

answer

When a writer assumes that there are only two sides to an argument. In fact, there may be many alternative opinions situated between the two extremes.

question

Cause-Effect Fallacy

answer

When writers assume that whatever happens after an event was caused by that event. In many cases the relationship between the two events is merely coincidental.

question

Analogy

answer

comparison between two things that are alike in some important ways. To communicate an unfamiliar idea by showing how it is very much like a more familiar one.

question

false analogy

answer

attempt to compare two things that are alike in some ways but too far apart in others to be logically compared.

question

A writer or speaker may use __________ to distort or misrepresent information or to disguise opinions as facts. __________ can also be used to appeal to readers and listeners emotions by using strongly biased language, stereotypes, and exaggerations.

answer

propaganda; Propaganda

question

bandwagon appeal

answer

tries to get people to do or think the same thing as everyone else. Try to make consumers feel inferior if they do not conform.

question

testimonial

answer

a famous persons endorsement, or support, of a product, candidate, or policy. can be misleading because it suggests that a famous persons opinions must be right or that a product must be good if a celebrity recommends it.

question

glittering generalities

answer

words or phrases most people associate with virtue and goodness. democracy, family, motherhood, values, moral, education

question

Questions for Analyzing Propaganda

answer

-What does the virtue word really mean? -does the idea in question have an legitimate connection with the real meaning of the word? -Is an idea that does not serve my best interests being "sold" to me merely by its being given a name that I like? -Leaving the virtue word word out of consideration what are the merits of the idea itself?

question

declarative sentence

answer

makes a statement or expresses an opinion and ends with a period.

question

imperative sentence

answer

gives a direction, makes a request, or gives a command. It ends with either a period an exclamation point.

question

interrogative sentence

answer

asks a question and ends with a question mark.

question

exclamatory sentence

answer

expresses strong feeling or emotion and ends with an exclamation point.

question

Use a period after most abbreviations.

answer

Titles with names, initials for names, times with numbers, addresses, organizations and companies

question

Many organizations and companies are known by abbreviations that stand for their full names. The majority of these abbreviations do not use periods. A few other common abbreviations also do not include periods.

answer

...

question

Use a period after each number or letter that shows a division in an outline.

answer

...

question

Clarity

answer

more concrete words and images that help make your speech come alive for the listener; easier to grasp

question

Rhythm

answer

the movement or pacing you can sense within a speech

question

Increasing Clarity

answer

Limit technical terms and jargans; especially if your audience is unfamiliar with the message. Dont dumb it down. Dont be too wordy. Have an active voice, not a passive voice.

question

active voice

answer

focuses on who does what

question

passive voice

answer

focuses on what was done.

question

Perfecting your Rythm

answer

It is the sense of movement or pacing within the speech There should be some repetition, not repeating your points over and over and over again, but repeating your purpose...

question

Repetition within your Speech

answer

emphasizes key points, enhances the ability of the audience to remember, and comprehension

question

antithesis

answer

the pairing of opposites to suggest a choice between them flows of the tonque, moves the speech forward, and makes a point "It's not what your country can do for you, it's what you can do for your country!"

question

Parallel Wording

answer

word pattern thats easy to anticipate, recognize and creates rythm that moves the speech forward "I will not eat it with a nun, I will not eat it with a sun, I will not eat it in the south"

question

audiovisual aids

answer

training or educational materials directed at both the sense of hearing and the sense of sight; films, recordings, photographs, etc., used in classroom instruction, library collections, or the like. maps, power presentation slides, CD's, DVDs

question

clarity

answer

:the quality of being easily understood : the quality of being expressed, remembered, understood, etc., in a very exact way : the quality of being easily seen or heard

question

Two Basic Types of Speeches

answer

Those purely for entertainment, and those to provide information

question

Rules for All Speeches

answer

1. Tailor your voice to the type of speech. Sound confident and definitive when delivering an instructional lecture. Use a conversational voice for one that is more entertaining. 2. Vary the pitch and volume (loudness) of the voice to emphasize points. 3. Speak in complete sentences and don't hesitate between words. 4. Be friendly. Look at the audience and make eye contact with differ individuals in it; speak to them. 5. Ask questions to engage the audience's attention 6. Avoid extreme mannerisms such as continuously waving your hands back and forth, the "fig-leaf" clutch (clasping both hands together, down in front), keeping your hands in pockets, leaning on the podium. 7. Know what to say and be prepared.

question

Rules for Formal Lectures

answer

Know the subject. Show that the subject is exciting. Be entertaining. First, grab the audiences attention, then inform them. Be enthusiastic. Keep it simple. For the most part, details are easier to learn if they are read from a book than heard in a speech. Determine the main points and stress them. Make sure all important parts are covered. Keep slightly too much(but less important) material available for the speech. Less important speech can be used at the end to fill up some time. It can be omitted. Never apologize for any mistakes unless they are important technical mistakes that you realize while giving the speech, and then correct them as soon as possible. Rehearse the speech.

question

When Showing Illustrations

answer

Don't face the pictures while speaking Use pictures only when applicable. Not to entertain merely during a formal lecture or kill time. Do not use pictures as an outline for a speech. Choose pics wisely and don't show all that you have. Consider whether projecting the main points and subpoints as text on a screen really aids the speech. It is possible to emphasize points verbally by a change in the pitch or volume rather than projecting text. Don't read projected text to the audience. Its insulting. Use pictures to show a specific point, not generality the audience is familiar with. Showing a specific feature of a particular slip can be done if it will add to the speech. Don't show pictures that would be meaningless to the audience. Don't show text or diagrams that are complicated or too small to be seen. If such pictures must be shown then the speak must interpret them for the audience. Depending on the type of the speech and the order of presentation, slides and handouts might best be shown after speaking. Show each picture for a min of 5 sec. If it is worth showing, than it should be seen for a reasonable amount of time.

question

Rules for making pictures

answer

All illustrations should be bold and simple Don't show long formulas or equations Its best to show 1-2 curve on a diagram. 3-4 is the max if they are well separated. don't use more than 3-4 vertical columns in an illustration; 6 to 8 horizontal lines.

question

Strategies for Considering Audience and Purpose

answer

Whats your purpose? What are your audiences interests? Be very familiar with your subject.

question

Limit your subject to...

answer

enable you to present it fully to a given audience with a defined period of time.

question

Strategies for Limiting a Subject

answer

-choose one aspect of the subject. -know what your audience already knows about your subject, and consider what you're audience expects to hear. Limit to suit your listeners expectations. -Limit subject to suit your purpose.

question

Purpose: ? Explain how to save your work on the computer.

answer

to inform

question

Purpose? Convince computer users to save their work.

answer

to persaude

question

Purpose? Tell how your essay was lost when your computer crashed because you forgot to save your work.

answer

to entertain

question

Commas

answer

to separate items and to enclose items

question

Use commas to separate items in a series.

answer

...

question

series

answer

three or more similar items together...words, phrases, or clauses

question

If conjugations connect all the items in a series, no commas are needed.

answer

For breakfast I ordered juice, ham and eggs, and a muffin.

question

Sometimes a comma should separate two adjectives that are not connected by a conjugation.

answer

We followed the steep, narrow road to their beach house.

question

It is sometimes necessary to use a comma to separate two adjectives that precede a noun and are not joined by a conjunction.

answer

Don't lean on that old, rickety boat.

question

Usually no comma is needed after a number or after an adjective that refers to size, shape, or age.

answer

two short messages round green eyes a tall elderly man large red apples

question

compound sentence becomes a run-on sentence when indep clauses are not separated. Using a conjugation is one way to correct run-on sentences.

answer

...

question

use a comma to separate indep clauses of a compound sentence if the clauses are joined by a coordinating conjunction.

answer

...

question

A comma is usually placed before the conjugations "and," "but," "or," "nor," "for," "so," and "yet" in a compound sentence

answer

...

question

A comma is not needed in a very short compound sentence--unless the conjunction separating the indep clauses is "yet" or "for."

answer

I waited, for I was curious. The turtle moved but I stayed.

question

imagery

answer

can consist of the uses of similes, metaphors, or anything that invokes the use of a sense, like creating pictures in your audiences heads or asking them to imagine a certain smell.

question

onomatopia

answer

words that sound like their meaning moo, wolf, bubble, buzz

question

Denotative Meaning:

answer

This is the common definition of a word, shared by all or most speakers of the language. This meaning is often the answer to the question: What does the word mean at a basic level?

question

Connotative Meaning:

answer

This is an emotional or subjective association that a word carries with it, which may be shared by many speakers of the language but not necessarily by all of them. Think about whether the word seems positive or negative, or what emotions the word carries with it.

question

Technical Meaning:

answer

This is similar to denotative meaning, but with the additional elements of context and topic. In other words, the technical meaning of a word is the precise definition of that word as it is used in a specific piece of writing.

question

Impact on Meaning and Tone:

answer

The combination of denotative, connotative, and technical meanings causes individual words to carry a great deal of importance.

question

Certain words, phrases, and clauses that come at the beginning of a sentence need to be separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma.

answer

...

question

use a comma after certain introductory structures

answer

Why, surely you have studied the material. (no, now oh, well, and yes are other intro words, unless they are part of the sentence.)

question

never place a comma after phrases followed immediately by a verb.

answer

In the center of the room were the rests.

question

use commas to separate the elements in dates and addresses.

answer

On Saturday, March 9, 1991, my parents were married in a small ceremony.

question

When only the moth and year are stated, the commas may be omitted.

answer

My parents were married in March 1991. By July 1976, my aunt and uncle were married as well.

question

Commas are also used to separate the salutation and the closing from the body of a letter.

answer

...

question

Use a comma after the salutation of a friendly letter and after the closing of all letters.

answer

Dear Mom, Dear Kathy, Love, Sincerely yours,

question

When you give a public presentation, you want to make sure that your physical presence is a benefit to your speech, not a distraction. Factors like dress, hair, posture and balance should be like background music at a doctors office--you don't notice its there, but it helps you be calm.

answer

...

question

An audience should never be agitated by the speakers appearance--unless, of course, it is _________.

answer

purposeful

question

aspects of presentations

answer

attire, body postures and movements, gestures, facial expressions.

question

Critical Listening

answer

pay close attention to what you hear...comprehend, evaluate, and remember the info. critical, reflective, and appreciative listening...emphatic listening, or listening with feeling...

question

Oral interpretation

answer

performance or expressive reading of a written work. employs pauses, changes in volume, variations in tone and pitch, and gestures to emphasize the message and highlight important elements such as rhyme and imagery.

question

Listening Appreciatively

answer

-Alert to the expressive power of a pause. -observe the use of gestures, voice and facial expressions to the message. -Listen for changes in volume, intonation, and pitch sued to emphasize important ideas. -listen to rhymes, repeated words, and other sound devices. -listen for theoretical strategies and other expressive uses of language -take time to reflect upon the message, and try to experience with empathy the thoughts and feelings being expressed.

question

Listening to Directions

answer

write down directions while speaker is presenting them -after listening to directions, ask specific questions to help clarify the instructions -review directions after finishing an assignment.

question

Listening for Info

answer

attention to what they're saying determine the speakers purpose, whether to inform, instruct, motivate or to persuade. verbal clues to identify speakers main ideas. nonverbal clues, gestures, pauses, changes in the speaking pace. determine speakers values and point of view about the subject. organize thoughts to remember details. clear and relevant questions to monitor understanding of ideas. reflect

question

Critical Listening

answer

evaluate info in a speech. judge whether the info and ideas are valid.

question

informal discussions

answer

freely express your views and share your experiences.

question

formal discussions

answer

present info you researched or use evidence to argue an issue

question

directed discussions

answer

a group appoints its own leader to focus the discussion and keep it on track

question

cooperative learning group aka task groups

answer

members work together to achieve a goal. each member of the group is assigned to task to help meet the goal.

question

commas are used to set off some phrases or clauses that interrupt the flow of a sentence

answer

...

question

names, titles, or other words used to address someone directly are set off by commas. These expressions are called _____ of direct address.

answer

nouns.

question

Use commas to set off nouns of direct address.

answer

Randy, do you know who got the part? The players, Mr. Director, are ready. Thanks for the theater tickets, my friends.

question

A parenthetical expression provides additional info that can easily be removed without changing the meaning of a sentence.

answer

...

question

Use commas to set off parenthetical expressions.

answer

Consequently, the show started two hours late. Mona, like Samantha, is a soprano. Reserved seats are extra, according to the brochure.

question

Occasionally, one of the parenthetical expressions listed in the box above does not interrupt a sentence. In that case, the expression should not be enclosed in commas.

answer

The actors, I believe, are not ready. I believe everything you said.

question

Contrasting expressions

answer

usually begin with "not" are also considered parenthetical expressions.

question

appositives

answer

with its modifiers identifies or explains a noun or pronoun in a sentence.

question

Use commas to set off most appositives and their modifiers.

answer

Mr. Roberts, our drama coach, just got married. We listened to "Memory," a song from Cats.

question

Titles and degrees that follow a name are set off by commas.

answer

Lawrence T. Mahoney, Jr., was elected drama club treasurer. Jennifer Moragan, Ph.D, will introduce the show.

question

Commas are not used with an appositive if it identifies a person or thing by answering the question Which one? or Which ones? Usually these appositives are names and have no modifiers.

answer

The enjoyed the play Hamlet. The color blue has many shades.

question

Use commas to set off nonessential participial phrases and nonessential clauses. A particular phrase or a clause is nonessential, nonrestrictive, if it provides extra, unnecessary info.

answer

...

question

No commas are used if a participial phrase or a clause is restrictive or essential to the meaning of a sentence.

answer

...

question

An essential phrase or clause usually identifies a person or thing and answers the question Which one? Adjectival clauses that begin with that are usually essential.

answer

...

question

The audiences sense of right and wrong

answer

ethos

question

the audiences sense of logic

answer

logos

question

the audiences emotion

answer

pathos

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