What is psycholinguistics?

the study of the comprehension, production, and acquisition of language More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/cognition-12/

What is sociolinguistics?

Pretty much anything related to language can be sociolinguistics, since we speak in a social context. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/sociolinguistics-exam-1/

Suppose that you hear about a research project in linguistics that is exploring the topic called discourse. Which of the following would be the most likely topic for this research?

the conclusions that students draw about how a story should end 22 More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/practice-quiz-1/

The study of how people use language in its cultural context is known as: a. descriptive linguistics. b. paralanguage. c. ethnology. d. sociolinguistics. e. participant observation.

D. Sociolinguistics More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/anth-211-ch-1/

Erica and Ryan are both taking a linguistics class in which their professor was discussing how the words “spinach” or “heart” could have been used to represent the idea of “love.” They are most likely discussing the __________ property of language in their class.

IS NOT A. generative More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/psychology-language-problem-solving-topic-test/

your professor researches the Turkana pastoralists of Kenya, investigating both the genetic changes that allow them to easily digest milk and the role that dairy animals have played in their history. Your professor most likely uses which of the following methods in her research? a) sociolinguistics b) interdisciplinary science c) the biocultural approach d) archaeological excavation

____ the biocultural approach More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/anthropology-2051-ch-1-quiz/

Kinesics, paralinguistics, time (chronemics) and space (proxemics), haptics, appearance and artifacts

What are the 5 aspects of non-verbal codes? More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/chapter-6-nonverbal-communication-31731/

Sociolinguistics looks at differences in speech production, and also…

how these differences are perceived More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/sociolinguistics-exam-1/

TRUE or FALSE: Linguistics is learning a language to communicate it?

FALSE! – This is not a goal that linguists have More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/linguistics-test-1/

Applications of Sociolinguistics Learning Theory

*Literature circles *Shared reading *Buddy reading *Reading and writing workshop *Author’s chair More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/essay-praxis-5622-principles-of-learning-and-teaching-plt-grades-k-6/

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Business Communications Linguistics The Eye Times New Roman

Chapter 6: Business Comm – Flashcards 50 terms

Noel Macdonald

50 terms

Preview

Chapter 6: Business Comm – Flashcards

question

The main tasks in completing a business message consist of all except

answer

forecasting

question

Messages sent via IM, text messaging, email and blogging

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should be revised, even if it involves nothing more than a quick review before sending

question

When revising a document, you should

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first read through it to evaluate its overall effectiveness

question

Putting your first draft aside for a day or two before you begin the revision process

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is often helpful, especially with more complex messages

question

When reviewing your document for content, you should be concerned with

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the accuracy and relevance of the information

question

When evaluating the work of others, you should

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make sure you understand the writer's intent before you begin suggesting or making changes

question

If a message draft scores well on a readability index, you should

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still revise it since there may be other factors you need to address

question

As a general rule, if a document you have written scores well on a readability index,

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you should not assume that it is well-written

question

Which of the following is not a technique for helping readers who skim your document?

answer

keeping all sentences the same length

question

Skilled business writers

answer

vary the length of their sentences to maintain reader interest and convey information effectively

question

In business messages, varying the length of your sentences

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helps you control the emphasis given to major and minor points

question

When it comes to paragraph length, you should

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use one-sentence paragraphs only occasionally, for emphasis

question

When creating a list for a business document

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be sure to introduce it clearly

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Informative headings and subheadings

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guide readers to think a certain way about the topics covered

question

Which of the following is an informative heading?

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Redesigning material flow to cut production costs

question

"If the figures are in by the end of the month we will hopefully be able to begin planning for the upcoming year's budget, but if they are not then the planning process will most definitely have to wait until later" is an example of

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an overly long sentence

question

Which of the following is an example of a hedging sentence?

answer

The employee's performance appears to be less than satisfactory

question

What is wrong with the following sentence? "To waste time and missing deadlines are bad habits."

answer

similar ideas are not parallel

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What is wrong with the following sentence? "Having sat on them for two days, the figures Marcy provided were already too late to help."

answer

It contains a dangling modifier

question

"Environmental impact consultant study results" is an example of

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a long noun sequence

question

Which of the following sentences contains a camouflaged verb?

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The recommendation of the committee is to proceed as planned.

question

"The above-mentioned book" is potentially an example of

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an awkward reference

question

Editing for conciseness is

answer

helpful to readers, and can make them more likely to read your documents

question

Which of the following sentences is the most concisely worded?

answer

Before the project begins, the engineers need the revised specifications from the project manager

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"Visible to the eye" is an example of

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redundancy

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Starting a sentence with "It is" or "There are" is

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usually a sign that the sentence could be shorter and more active

question

The "replace all" feature in word-processing programs

answer

is characterized by all of the above

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A spell checker

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highlights words it doesn't recognize

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A computer thesaurus

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can help you find just the right word for a given situation

question

When using a computer thesaurus, you

answer

should be careful to use only those words that convey your intended meaning

question

In revising an important report, you want to make sure all numbers are written with numerals rather than being spelled out. Which of the following tools can help with this task?

answer

style checker

question

Which of the following is not discussed in the chapter as an important principle to follow in designing business documents?

answer

variety

question

For effective document design, you should

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balance the space devoted to text, artwork, and white space

question

Using white space in a document

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provides visual contrast and important resting points for your readers

question

The default margin setting for most word processing software is _________, with the left margin aligned vertically and a ________ margin on the right.

answer

flush-left, ragged

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Justified type is type that is

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set flush on the left and flush on the right

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Justified margins

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make messages look more formal

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Centered type in business documents is

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rarely used for text but commonly used for headings

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Typeface refers to

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the physical design of letters, numbers, and other text characters

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Serif typefaces are generally preferable to sans serif fonts for (times new roman)

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regular paragraph text

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When selecting typefaces for most business documents, you should

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generally avoid using more than two typefaces on a page

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Boldface, italic, underlining, and color are all examples of

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type styles

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Using a variety of type styles in a document

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generally slows your audience's progress through the message

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Multimedia documents

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can allow recipients to personalize the communication process to their own needs

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When using graphics, photos, video clips and other online content in multimedia documents

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it is vital to make sure you can legally use them

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One challenge of creating multimedia documents is

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the freedom readers have to take multiple, individualized paths through your material

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Compared to word processing software, desktop publishing applications

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offer more advanced and precise layout capabilities

question

Which of the following techniques can help you proofread more effectively?

answer

read each page backward, from the bottom to the top

question

If you're sending extremely large files, you should

answer

consider using recordable media such as DVDs or a file-hosting site

question

Using overnight delivery for a business message

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is usually a waste of money unless the audience truly needs to receive it right away

STUDY

Interpersonal Communication Linguistics Small Group Communication Symbols Verbal And Non Verbal

Speech-Final – Flashcards 60 terms

Alice Rees

60 terms

Preview

Speech-Final – Flashcards

question

The process of acting upon information is the definition of

answer

Communication

question

The study of communication is important because of which of the following?

answer

Communication is the primary social process.

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The aspect of communication that focuses on WHAT is said, including new information, ideas, and suggested actions, is referred to as

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Content

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All communication involves rules that define appropriate behavior. What factors influence these rules? (ex. raise hand in class)

answer

Context, Culture.

question

Alfonso is very tall and thin and cannot seem to add any muscle, although he works out in the gym four days every week. While at the gym, Alfonso compares his lack of muscle with the muscles of other men who work out at the gym. Alfonso's concern with this discrepancy is attributed to his focus on

answer

Self-Image

question

Jaclyn thinks life exists on other planets. This example illustrates which component of self-concept?

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Belief

question

Athena thinks that killing animals for food is morally wrong. Athena's convictions would be which of the following?

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Value

question

Priscilla feels that she is unattractive and unlovable following a break-up with her boyfriend. Prior to this incident, Priscilla had a healthy view of her worth. Priscilla experienced a decrease in which of the following?

answer

Self-esteem

question

________ meaning conveys the content of what a word means, and the ________ meaning contains the feelings behind words.

answer

Denotative, Connotative

question

A new word introduced into a language is called a _______.

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Neologism

question

Bias in language can be directed against ________.

answer

Race, Ethnicity,Nationality, Religion,Age,Sex,Ability,and Gender

question

Using the terms "husband and wife" rather than "partner" demonstrates

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Heterosexist Language

question

Nonverbal communication may best be defined as ________.

answer

behavior other than written language that creates meaning for someone.

question

The reason we say that nonverbal communication is more believable than verbal communication is that ________.

answer

They communicate feelings and attitudes

question

A strategy for checking the accuracy of your interpretation of another person's nonverbal behavior is called ________.

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Perception Checking

question

The statement, "Nonverbal communication is non-linguistic" means that ________.

answer

It isn't spoken,

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Hearing is ________.

answer

the physiological process of decoding sounds

question

Listening involves the processes of:

answer

a complex process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to verbal and nonverbal messages, which involves five steps: selecting, attending, understanding, remembering, and responding

question

Michael is thinking about what he wants to tell Amanda about what happened at his new job rather than listening to the story she is telling. This is an example of which of the following barriers to listening?

answer

Self-Focus/talk

question

Which of the following is included in the skills needed to listen with empathy?

answer

Understand your partners feelings, ask appropriate questions, paraphrase message content, paraphrase emotions.

question

The sense of confusion, anxiety, stress, or loss experienced when encountering a culture different from one's own is referred to as ________.

answer

Culture Shock

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of an individualist culture?

answer

a cultural perspective that values individual achievement and personal accomplishments

question

Stereotyping is ________.

answer

to place a person or group of persons into an inflexible, all-encompassing category

question

Social decentering is the ________.

answer

cognitive process in which we take into account another person's thoughts, values, background, and perspectives

question

William Schutz identified three interpersonal needs that motivate us to form and maintain relationships with others. Those needs are _____________.

answer

Inclusion, Control, Affection

question

In the Johari window, information that you know and you have disclosed to other people represents which quadrant?

answer

Open

question

A common pattern in this culture is for one person's self-disclosure to be followed by a similar self-disclosure from the other person. This is the characteristic of self-disclosure known as ________.

answer

Reciprocity

question

When considering what kinds of information should and should not be disclosed to Miriam on their first date, Ronald has to consider the________________ of each bit of that information.

answer

Approptiateness

question

According toSatir, which of the following is a characteristic of a healthy family?

answer

Listen Actively, they treat their children as people, they touch one another affectionately regardless of age, they openly discuss disappointments, fears, hurts, angers, as well as joys and acheivements.

question

Which of the following is the most highly valued when considering hiring someone for a job?

answer

the ability to communicate effectively with others.

question

Which of the following is the most notable contributing factor to a destructive conflict?

answer

lack of flexibility when responding to others. People change.

question

A cooperative approach to conflict is one in which we ____________________________.

answer

have a lose and the other wins.

question

Which of the following describes the difference between a team and a group?

answer

a team is a coordinated small group of people organized to work together to achieve a specific common goal. a group is more people with a common purpose, and each person has a sense of belonging.

question

What is the importance of team ground rules?

answer

They are operating procedures that are clearly identified to help the team work efficiently and effectively

question

Teachers who use bonus points to get students to attend public speeches outside of class are making use of what type of power?

answer

Reward Power

question

Which of the following is a typical assumption of a collectivist culture?

answer

a culture that places a high value on collaboration, teamwork, and group achievement."all for one and one for all"

question

Dewey's problem-solving process, called reflective thinking, includes which of the following?

answer

identify and define the problem, analyze the problem , generate creative solutions, select the best solution, take action

question

If group members examine the causes, effects, and history related to issues of importance to the group, the group is conducting ________.

answer

Force field analysis technique

question

Sumit's group begins brainstorming ideas. Becky states an idea and Sumit says, "I think that's the best idea I've heard yet." Based on this example, what should Sumit keep in mind while brainstorming?

answer

Nominal group/silent brainstorming works for his group.

question

The major advantage of a decision reached by consensus is that ________.

answer

the group members will not stand in the way of what the froup has decided. All group members can verbalize support for the decision.

question

Which of the following statements illustrates a difference between public speaking and writing?

answer

delivery, nervousness. etc.

question

According to your book, the most central element in all aspects of preparing your speech is ________.

answer

Remember to be an audience centered presentational speaker.

question

When faced with the prospect of speaking anxiety, it is important to remember ________.

answer

That you dont look as nervous as you are. create the illusion of transperancy.

question

Which of the following would be an appropriate central idea for a presentation?

answer

"Foreign language education should begin with the elementary grades"

question

A verbal or nonverbal signal that indicates you are moving from one idea to the next is known as a ________.

answer

sign post

question

What aspect of standard outlining procedure is NOT CORRECT in the following example?

answer

Roman numeral, "A" , "1" use at least two subdivisions. line up outline correctly.

question

Factual examples and statistics make up __________ evidence.

answer

Hard evidence

question

A way for the speaker to signal to the audience that s/he is moving from one idea to another is by using a/an __________.

answer

sign post

question

According to your book, the delivery style that is appropriate to most circumstances is ________.

answer

...

question

The rhythm of language is called_________________.

answer

...

question

Which of the following is true of effective verbal delivery?

answer

...

question

Which of the following is a recommendation for eye contact?

answer

...

question

When teaching a process, it is helpful to follow the acronym T-E-A-C-H, which stands for the following:

answer

...

question

One of the methods used to make your presentation interesting is to ________.

answer

...

question

An effective method for helping your audience relate new information to old is to ________.

answer

...

question

What does your book suggest about building in redundancy in presentations?

answer

...

question

The primary difference between a persuasive speech and an informative speech is that a persuasive speech ________.

answer

...

question

Credibility is the audience's perception of a speaker's ________.

answer

...

question

The perception the audience forms of you as you present your speech is ________ credibility.

answer

...

question

Visualization is a step that is included in the ________ organizational pattern.

answer

Motivated Sequence

STUDY

Conversation Data Databases Face Linguistics Marketing Perception Small Business Owner

BOA CHAPT 3 – Flashcards 21 terms

Ember Wagner

21 terms

Preview

BOA CHAPT 3 – Flashcards

question

Cho needs to prepare a short report detailing his company's progress in implementing an new customer tracking system. As plans his message, what is the first step he should think through in the planning and preparing process?

answer

consider the contextual forces

question

The way that time influences interactions is which dimension of context?

answer

chronological context

question

Which of the following channels is NOT relatively inexpensive?

answer

face-to-face meeting

question

Zhenyu wants to select a channel of communication that will allow him the greatest degree of control over his message. Which channel generally provides the greatest control?

answer

written

question

The perception of reality of both the sender and the receiver

answer

is limited by signals we receive through our five senses.

question

Which of the following is FALSE about how perceptions can affect the communication process?

answer

People tend to support ideas that are different from their own.

question

The sender of a message should analyze the audience before developing the message in order to do all but which one of the following?

answer

Assure that perception of reality is the same for everyone

question

Zelda realizes that writing a solicitation for a charity project to a small business owner must be different than a request to a representative from a major corporation. Which audience characteristic is Zelda most apt to be considering?

answer

economic level

question

To project a positive, tactful tone in a written message,

answer

avoid using second person when stating negative ideas.

question

Which of the following sentences best expresses the receiver's point of view?

answer

Congratulations on your recent promotion to regional manager.

question

Jacquelyn wants to attach a memo to the report that her supervisor requested concerning a new employee health care plan. She is generally in favor of the new plan. Select the best opening sentence for that memo.

answer

The attached report on the new health care plan offers some definite advantages.

question

Which of the following statements is MOST sender-centered?

answer

I want to take this opportunity to offer my thanks for the service provided.

question

An investment manager enthusiastically reports that his client's stock portfolio has experienced 24 percent growth but does not reveal that the stock market as a whole grew by 32 percent during the same period. Which of the following ethical guidelines has the investment manager ignored?

answer

Honest and fair expression of the idea

question

Which of the following statements is ethically questionable?

answer

Facts can be exaggerated as long as the purpose of the message reflects the reader's best interest.

question

Christopher told his new employee that he developed a marketing campaign in his previous position. In fact, he actually was assigned to the marketing campaign after it was developed. Which ethical guideline did Christopher violate?

answer

The message should not embellish or exaggerate the facts.

question

Communicating with and about others with the same kindness and fairness that you wish others to use when communicating with and about you is referred to as what?

answer

Adapting to audience's needs and concerns

question

Organizing a message before writing it

answer

ensures that ideas are presented clearly and logically.

question

The writer of a long report that contains many ideas and sections will likely benefit from

answer

the preparation of a planning outline.

question

Which of the following is NOT part of the three-step process to determine an appropriate order for a business document?

answer

Start with the most difficult points first.

question

In a deductive message, the most important information should be

answer

placed at the beginning of the message.

question

When creating a message about a series of events or a process, the minor details should be listed

answer

in order by process.

STUDY

Linguistics

Legal Research, Analysis, and Writing – Flashcards 75 terms

Tommy Mason

75 terms

Preview

Legal Research, Analysis, and Writing – Flashcards

question

A statement in which the actor (the subject) performs some action or describes a state of being (the predicate).

answer

Sentence

question

Composed of the verb and object of the verb, such as a direct object

answer

Predicate

question

Have a SUBJECT and a PREDICATE.

answer

Sentence must (minimum)

question

Requires a NOUN and VERB

answer

Simpliest sentence

question

Keep as close as possible

answer

SUBJECT&VERB

question

THERE IS NO RULE!!! RECOMMENDATION ONLY: 15 to 25

answer

Sentence length

question

Which one is prefered "active" or "passive" voice?

answer

active voice

question

The SUBJECT of the sentence is the ACTOR.

answer

Active voice

question

The SUBJECT of the sentence is ACTED UPON.

answer

Passive voice

question

Select verbs that are active instead of verbs that show a state of being or are passive.

answer

Action verbs

question

Connects sentences and serves to establish the relationship between the subject of the sentences.

answer

Transitional words

question

however, even so, but, clearly, finally, in contrast, etc.

answer

Examples of transitional words

question

a group of sentences that address the same topic

answer

Paragraph

question

TOPIC, BODY, CLOSING SENTENCE

answer

Elements of Paragraph

question

Identifies the subject of the paragraph

answer

Topic sentence

question

the SUBJECT & PROVIDES the focus of the paragraph for the reader.

answer

What does the TOPIC SENTENCE introduce?

question

Where is the topic usually placed

answer

at the begining

question

Cosists of a sentence or sentences, that support or develop the subject, introduced by the topic sentence.

answer

Paragraph Body

question

Should summarize the topic addressed in the body or apply the subject discussed to the facts of the case.

answer

Closing sentences

question

words, phrases, or sentences are required to connnect the SUBJECTS discussed in the different paragraphs.

answer

Transitional Sentences

question

THERE IS NO RULE; However usually 3 to 6sentences; paragraph topics can be covered to 6 to 7 sentences

answer

Paragraph length

question

a group of related words used to convey information.

answer

Noun-verb string

question

a noun crated from a verb

answer

Nominalization

question

terms of art used in the legal profession that are not generally known outside the profession.

answer

Legalese

question

words or phrases frequently used in the past that are being phased out of legal writing.

answer

Archaic term

question

any form of writing, use of gender-specific language is prejudicial and inappropriate unless it refers to a specific person and the gender is known

answer

Sexist language

question

To render sentence in gender neutral

answer

he/she

question

when you intend to refer to one sex

answer

Appropriate reference to gender

question

a verb meanig "to influence"

answer

Affect

question

to briing about or cause;

answer

Effect (Verb)

question

Effect (noun)

answer

Result

question

is used in regard to a list of words, all the items listed are included and required.

answer

And

question

all the items listed are not required to be included. Any one or all of the items are included

answer

question

An INTRANSIVE verb that means "to rest or recline."

answer

Lie

question

Verb that does not take a direct object

answer

Intransive verb

question

a transitve verb that means "to put or place"

answer

Lay

question

takes a direct object

answer

transitive verb

question

used to impose a duty that is mandatory

answer

Shall

question

indicates that the performance of an act is not mandatory

answer

May

question

used to introduce restrictive clauses

answer

That

question

used to inroduce nonrestrictice clauses

answer

Which

question

A clause that is not nessary to the meaning of the sentence.

answer

restrictive clauses

question

a clause that is not necessary to the meaning of the sentence; can be set off from the rest of the sentence w/o changing the meaning of the sentence

answer

Non restrictive clause

question

govern the construction of sentences

answer

rules of grammer

question

Should agree in PERSON & NUMBER

answer

SUBJECT&VERB

question

pronouns that do not refer to a specific person or thing. such as anyone, everybody, nobody, etc.

answer

Indefinite pronouns

question

a noun that refers to a group

answer

Collective noun

question

refers to another noun in the sentence. which, who, and that.

answer

Relative pronoun

question

The noun to a relative pronoun

answer

Antecedent

question

the time in which a verb's action occurs

answer

Verb tense

question

when presenting your POSITION or LEGAL ANALYSIS

answer

Use present tense

question

When addressing a COURT OPINION that has already been decided

answer

Use past tense

question

when discussing a LAW or RULE still in effect

answer

Use present tense

question

Means that in sentences that include (a list, a group of activities, and so on,) each of the items must use the SAME grammatical form, that is, [[all the items or members of the group should agree in verb tense, number, and so on.]]

answer

parallel construction

question

avoid the use of verb constructions that are unnecessarily wordy

answer

superfluous verbs

question

word or phrases that provide descriptions of the subject, verb, or object in a sentence

answer

Modifier

question

Misplaced, dangling, and squinting, and split infinitives.

answer

problems with modifiers

question

a word or phrase that is placed in the wrong location in a sentence.

answer

misplaced modifiers

question

does not modify any other part of the sentence

answer

dangling modifiers

question

A modifier located in a position in the sentence that makes it unclear whether, it modifies the word that precedes it OR the word that follows it.

answer

squinting modifiers

question

a verb form that functions as a noun or as an auxiliary verb, such as TO ARGUE, TO UNDERSTAND, and TO CONSIDER.

answer

split infinitives

question

Designed to make writing clear and easy to understand.

answer

Punctuation

question

used to separate the parts of a sentence so that the meanig is clear

answer

comma

question

one that could stand alone as a complete sentence

answer

independent clause

question

use when you want to introduce or call attention to information that follows, such as lists, conclusions, explanations, and quatations

answer

colon

question

is used to separate major elements of complex sentences OR items in a series if the items are too long or if one of the items has internal commas

answer

semicolon

question

serves to indicate possesion OR to form a contraction

answer

Apostrophe

question

use to identify and set off quoted material

answer

quatation marks

question

quotations of 50+ words

answer

block quotations

question

is used to indicate the omission of part fo a quotation

answer

ellipses

question

to show changes in or add information to quotations, OR to indicate an error in the original quotation

answer

brakets

question

used to add additional information to the sentence that is outside the main idea of the sentence or of lesser importance

answer

parentheses

question

is required to form compound modifiers and compound nouns

answer

hyphen

question

often referred to as the em dash or long dash. used to EMPHASIZE someting; to SET OFF LIST or briefly summarize materials containging commas; to SHOW an abrupt change of thought or direction.

answer

dash

question

not frequently used in legal writing but may be used to SEPERATE one option form another, when writing DATES, SEPARATE LINE BREAKS in poetry.

answer

slash

STUDY

Business Communications Business Law Human Resources Department Linguistics

BUS 130. Exam 1: a Speaker’s True Feelings, Informal Communication Channel – Flashcards 115 terms

Julie Noel

115 terms

Preview

BUS 130. Exam 1: a Speaker’s True Feelings, Informal Communication Channel – Flashcards

question

Communication skills are... A) not as important in technical fields.B) critical to effective job placement, performance, career advancement, and organizational success.C) required only for high-level positions. D) not as important in a down economy

answer

B) critical to effective job placement, performance, career advancement, and organizational success.

question

Which of the following statements about writing skills is most accurate? A) Writing skills in today's workplace are an advantage, but they are not a necessity.B) You are born with the skills to be a good writer.C) Having good writing skills can improve your chances for promotion and can result in higher earnings. D) Today's communication technologies have made writing obsolete.

answer

C) Having good writing skills can improve your chances for promotion and can result in higher earnings.

question

Today's economy is based on... A) information and knowledge.B) physical labor.C) a supply of raw materials. D) capital

answer

A) information and knowledge.

question

Knowledge and information workers must be able to think critically, make decisions, and... A) design effective Web pages.B) communicate information to others.C) install software programs. D) lift heavy objects.

answer

B) communicate information to others

question

Thinking creatively and critically means... A) agreeing with your supervisor at all times.B) going with your gut instinct.C) being able to make decisions quickly. D) having opinions that are backed by reason and evidence.

answer

D) having opinions that are backed by reason and evidence.

question

Which of the following statements is least accurate? A) Workers at all levels need to think creatively and critically.B) Employees should expect employers to provide them with a clearly defined career path.C) Most workers today will not find nine-to-five jobs or receive predictable pay increases. D) Workers must be willing to continually learn new skills.

answer

B) Employees should expect employers to provide them with a clearly defined career path.

question

The most significant trends in today's dynamic workplace include team-based projects, flattened management hierarchies, and... A) union participation and regulation.B) more homogeneous workforces.C) global competition. D) stricter clothing and dress codes.

answer

C) global competition.

question

Which of the following statements about global competition is least accurate? A) Only medium and large companies compete globally.B) Many traditional U.S. companies generate more profit abroad than locally.C) Saturated local markets have encouraged companies to search for emerging markets around the world. D) Successful communication in global markets requires developing new skills and attitudes.

answer

A) Only medium and large companies compete globally.

question

For years businesses have been flattening their management hierarchies. This flattening means that... A) information must flow through more layers of management.B) it takes longer to make decisions.C) various areas within an organization have little contact with one another. D) employees at all levels must be skilled communicators.

answer

D) employees at all levels must be skilled communicators.

question

Which of the following statements about team-based management is least accurate? A) Companies use team-based management as a way to empower employees and boost their involvement in decision making.B) When individuals on teams don't share the same background or training, working relationships can become strained.C) Some companies must hire communication coaches to help team members get along. D) Companies that use team-based management prefer to train employees in these skills rather than hire new workers who already possess these skills.

answer

D) Companies that use team-based management prefer to train employees in these skills rather than hire new workers who already possess these skills.

question

Shondra has clients located throughout the world, and she would like to schedule a real-time meeting with them to present information about a new product. Which of the following communication technologies should she choose? A) Teleconferencing or videoconferencingB) E-mailC) A blog or a wiki D) Text messaging

answer

A) Teleconferencing or videoconferencing

question

Which of the following statements about today's work environments is least accurate? A) The "anytime, anywhere" office requires only a mobile phone and a wireless computer.B) Many companies now have unassigned workspaces that are up for grabs as employees arrive to the workplace each day.C) Most communication in today's work environments is oral. D) Working from home or on the road makes communication skills even more important.

answer

C) Most communication in today's work environments is oral.

question

Which of the following statements about workplace diversity is the most accurate? A) Teams with diverse membership are more likely to create the products that consumers demand.B) The number of older workers is decreasing.C) The white non-Hispanic population of the United States continues to grow. D) A diverse staff is less able to respond to changes in customer base in local and world markets.

answer

A) Teams with diverse membership are more likely to create the products that consumers demand.

question

Select the best definition of communication. A) Communication is the transmission of information from one individual or group to another.B) Communication is the transmission of data from one individual or group to another.C) Communication is the transmission of information and meaning from one individual or group to another. D) Communication is the transmission of ideas from one individual or group to another.

answer

C) Communication is the transmission of information and meaning from one individual or group to another.

question

The process of communication is successful only when... A) the fastest communication channel is used.B) the sender pronounces all words perfectly.C) positive feedback is given. D) the receiver understands an idea as the sender intended it.

answer

D) the receiver understands an idea as the sender intended it.

question

The process of communication begins when.. A) a message is put into words.B) a message is sent over a communication channel to the receiver.C) the sender has an idea. D) the receiver actually receives the message and decodes it.

answer

C) the sender has an idea.

question

When promoters of Kentucky Fried Chicken in China used their successful "finger-lickin' good" slogan, they didn't realize it would translate to "eat your fingers off." To avoid similar problems, the sender of the message must... A) select a proper communication channel.B) provide means to ensure reliable feedback.C) decode the message properly to facilitate comprehension. D) choose appropriate words or symbols as part of the encoding process

answer

D) choose appropriate words or symbols as part of the encoding process

question

The U.S. Army carefully selected the words used in its slogan, "Be all you can be," while... A) selecting the channel.B) encoding the message.C) decoding the message. D) evaluating the message

answer

B) encoding the message.

question

E-mails, cell phones, spoken words, letters, Web pages, and reports are all examples of... A) messages.B) channels.C) encoding tools. D) decoders.

answer

B) channels.

question

Zachary needs to deliver a sensitive message to a colleague and decides to deliver it face to face. Zachary is in the process of... A) encoding the message.B) decoding the message.C) preparing for feedback. D) selecting the channel for the message

answer

D) selecting the channel for the message

question

Robert must send an e-mail message to a client in Turkey. He is carefully selecting his words to ensure that his Turkish client, who speaks English as a second language, will understand them. He is involved in which part of the communication process? A) Message encodingB) Idea formationC) Message transmission D) Message decoding

answer

A) Message encoding

question

While reading an e-mail message from her boss, Mallory is distracted by numerous typographical and spelling errors. These errors that detract from the message and make it difficult to read are called A) bypassing.B) feedback.C) noise. D) frame of reference.

answer

C) noise.

question

Suzanne has just received an e-mail message from a client and is reading it carefully to determine her client's needs. She is involved in the ____ part of the communication process. A) encodingB) channel selectionC) decoding D) feedback

answer

C) decoding

question

Which of the following is an example of an internal disruption in the decoding process? A) Loud construction sounds outside prevent Eric from hearing the message.B) Brianna finds her mind drifting during a lecture as she thinks about her upcoming trip to Paris.C) Giorgio is finding it hard to pay attention during the interview because the interviewer's phone keeps ringing. D) Sierra finds it difficult to read her colleague's e-mail message because it's filled with grammatical errors and typos.

answer

B) Brianna finds her mind drifting during a lecture as she thinks about her upcoming trip to Paris.

question

Jeanette is offended when she notices that only masculine pronouns are used in the company's human resources manual. What type of decoding problem does this cause? A) Closed communication climateB) BypassingC) External disruption D) Semantic obstacle

answer

D) Semantic obstacle

question

Thomas includes the sentence "Let me know whether I can answer any questions" at the end of his e-mail message as a way to encourage A) decoding.B) feedback.C) frame of reference. D) bypassing.

answer

B) feedback.

question

As her supervisor explains the new procedure, Rachel nods her head. Rachel's response is an example of A) verbal feedback.B) noise.C) evaluation. D) nonverbal feedback.

answer

D) nonverbal feedback.

question

____ helps the sender know whether the message was received and understood. A) FeedbackB) NoiseC) Bypassing D) An evaluative response

answer

A) Feedback

question

You are talking with the president of your company about a possible merger. Which of the following is the most useful feedback you can provide during the conversation? A) I just don't understand why you think we should go through with this merger.B) If I understand you correctly, your recommendation is that we go through with the merger.C) There's no way this merger can possibly work. D) Are you insane?

answer

B) If I understand you correctly, your recommendation is that we go through with the merger.

question

Ryan says that he will answer his client's questions "soon." Ryan plans to answer the questions by early next week; his client expects the answers by the end of the day. This misunderstanding results from A) bypassing.B) differing frames of reference.C) noise. D) using the incorrect communication channel.

answer

A) bypassing.

question

Differences in frames of reference are especially significant when A) working on improving one's listening skills.B) communicating with persons from a different culture.C) overcoming physical barriers to communication. D) dealing with conflicting emotions.

answer

B) communicating with persons from a different culture.

question

An American sales team offended a group of Brazilian businesspeople by starting its sales presentation without first engaging in informal conversation as expected in the Brazilian culture. The communication barrier in this instance could be attributed to A) bypassing.B) a lack of listening skills.C) failure to recognize different frames of reference. D) emotional interference caused when senders or receivers are distracted by internal feelings.

answer

C) failure to recognize different frames of reference.

question

Jessica sends her résumé to several companies. Unfortunately, it is poorly formatted and contains several typographical errors. What kind of communication barrier may this cause? A) BypassingB) Differing frames of referenceC) Emotional distraction D) Physical distraction

answer

D) Physical distraction

question

Aleksandr is having trouble concentrating on a report he is reading because his cell phone keeps ringing and his colleagues keep sending him text messages and tweets. What kind of communication barrier is this? A) Differing frames of referenceB) Digital interruptionsC) Lack of language skill D) Bypassing

answer

B) Digital interruptions

question

While conducting an orientation session for new employees, Clayton noticed looks of confusion on the faces of some listeners. He then paused and asked his audience, "What questions do you have so far?" Clayton was striving to overcome interpersonal communication barriers by A) questioning his assumptions, biases, and prejudices.B) improving his language and listening skills.C) creating an environment for useful feedback. D) reducing physical distractions.

answer

C) creating an environment for useful feedback.

question

Naoko has just moved to the United States and is taking a class to improve her English skills. What interpersonal communication barrier is she trying to overcome? A) Lack of language skillB) BypassingC) Differing frames of reference D) Digital interruptions

answer

A) Lack of language skill

question

Which of the following is an example of an internal organizational communication? A) A tweet sent to a customer about a private sale that will take place tomorrowB) A Web site advertising a company's productsC) A meeting of all department managers D) An annual report sent to company stockholders

answer

C) A meeting of all department managers

question

Which of the following is an example of external organizational communication? A) An employee performance appraisalB) A brochure sent to a prospective customerC) A report recommending a change in company procedure D) An e-mail message to employees about an upcoming training seminar

answer

B) A brochure sent to a prospective customer

question

The three basic functions of business communication are to A) inform, entertain, and impress.B) inform, persuade, and promote goodwill.C) inform, persuade, and explain. D) inform, instruct, and entertain.

answer

B) inform, persuade, and promote goodwill.

question

Which of the following statements about communication in today's business organizations is most accurate? A) Memos and letters still make up the dominant forms of communication in the workplace.B) Text messaging is considered unprofessional and is rarely used by business organizations.C) Web chat is becoming the preferred communication channel for online customer service. D) A company intranet can be accessed by anyone with Internet access.

answer

C) Web chat is becoming the preferred communication channel for online customer service.

question

Kenna is communicating with a colleague in real time over the Internet using a private chat room. Kenna is using a communication technology called A) instant messaging (IM).B) blogging.C) e-mailing. D) text messaging.

answer

A) instant messaging (IM).

question

Which of the following statements comparing oral and written communication is least accurate? A) Written communication is preferred when a permanent record is needed.B) Written messages are generally more organized and well-considered than oral messages.C) One advantage of oral communication such as a face-to-face meeting is that it allows for immediate feedback. D) Oral communication is preferred when presenting formal or complex ideas.

answer

D) Oral communication is preferred when presenting formal or complex ideas.

question

Which of the following is an example of horizontal communication in an organization? A) Four payroll clerks meet to discuss a new payroll processing procedure.B) A supervisor submits a progress report about a current project to the vice president.C) An employee suggests a way to improve customer service. D) A supervisor sends an e-mail message to all division employees detailing the newest procedure for submitting expense account reports

answer

A) Four payroll clerks meet to discuss a new payroll processing procedure.

question

Which of the following is an example of an informal organizational communication channel? A) A supervisor gives a performance appraisal to her subordinate.B) An employee suggests to his supervisor a way to increase productivity in his department.C) Sales team members hold a virtual meeting to discuss potential customers. D) An employee starts a blog to share her personal work experiences, opinions, and observations.

answer

D) An employee starts a blog to share her personal work experiences, opinions, and observations.

question

Which of the following statements about formal and informal communication channels is most accurate? A) All relevant organizational information should flow through formal communication channels.B) Ideally, the heaviest flow of information within an organization should be downward from decision makers to workers.C) Managers should do everything possible to avoid grapevine communication within an organization. D) The longer the lines of communication, the greater the chance for message distortion

answer

A) All relevant organizational information should flow through formal communication channels.

question

Covering up incidents, abusing sick days, lying to a supervisor, taking credit for a colleague's ideas, and inflating grades on a résumé are examples of A) breaking the law.B) actions necessary to get ahead today.C) unethical actions. D) workplace distrust

answer

C) unethical actions.

question

Which of the following statements about laws is least accurate? A) People in accounting and finance should be aware of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.B) Anything published on the Internet is in the public domain and can be used freely.C) Assume that anything produced privately after 1989 is copyrighted. D) The concept of fair use gives individuals limited rights to use copyrighted materials without requiring permission.

answer

B) Anything published on the Internet is in the public domain and can be used freely.

question

Ethical business communicators strive to tell the truth, label opinions so that they are not confused with facts, are objective, write clearly, use inclusive language, and A) ensure that communication flows upward, downward, and horizontally.B) give credit when using the ideas of others.C) encourage feedback. D) choose appropriate channels of communication.

answer

B) give credit when using the ideas of others.

question

Jamie has been asked by her boss to sign off on financial statements that she believes are false. Although she feels uncomfortable doing this, she's afraid that she'll be fired if she doesn't comply. Into what ethical trap has Jamie fallen? A) Rationalization trapB) Ends-justify-the-means trapC) False necessity trap D) Doctrine-of-relative filth trap

answer

C) False necessity trap

question

Because your department has not reached its sales quota, your boss has asked you to change figures to show that sales were higher than they actually were. Which of the following questions is not important as you decide what to do? A) Is the action you are considering legal?B) Are there other alternatives?C) Can you discuss the problem with someone whose advice you trust? D) What is the best channel of communication to use in responding to your boss?

answer

D) What is the best channel of communication to use in responding to your boss?

question

Which of the following is an example of a soft skill? A) Being able to work well as part of a teamB) Knowing how to engage in appropriate small talk at a business social functionC) Having good listening proficiency D) All of these choices

answer

D) All of these choices

question

Alexandra knows that her soft skills will be evaluated during her job interview. Which of the following skills should she practice to prepare for her interview? A) Shaking hands appropriatelyB) Exhibiting posture that shows confidence and professionalismC) Speaking clearly and giving concise answers to interview questions D) All of these choices

answer

D) All of these choices

question

Organizations form teams because teams are able to respond faster, demonstrate increased productivity, and A) are used extensively in every culture.B) are proficient in using technology.C) experience less hostility among team members. D) make better decisions.

answer

D) make better decisions.

question

Eric is part of a team developing a new product idea aimed at a specific target market. Because team members are located throughout the country, they don't meet in person. Instead, they use communication technology to collaborate on the project. Because members use technology to stay connected, Eric is part of a A) group.B) cross-functional team.C) virtual team. D) self-directed team.

answer

C) virtual team.

question

A task force charged with reducing overhead costs meets to define their roles and responsibilities and ways to reach the group's goals. Tension is fairly high among group members. The team is in the ____ phase of team development. A) formingB) stormingC) norming D) performing

answer

B) storming

question

A committee has been formed to rewrite the company's mission statement. The committee members are just starting to get to know one another and are attempting to bond. What phase of team development are they experiencing? A) FormingB) StormingC) Norming D) Performing

answer

A) Forming

question

The most effective groups and teams have members who are willing to A) establish rules and abide by those rules.B) do everything necessary to avoid conflict.C) use e-mail and other technology to communicate. D) let the group leader make all decisions.

answer

A) establish rules and abide by those rules.

question

Hannah has just been appointed to a committee and wants to be a positive member. Which of the following is the best advice you can give her? A) Ignore members who are being silent to show respect for them.B) Tell a lot of jokes throughout the meeting to ease tensions.C) Share her ideas with other team members, even if they might not be adopted. D) Hannah should do all of these.

answer

C) Share her ideas with other team members, even if they might not be adopted.

question

Which of the following statements about conflict is most accurate? A) Conflict is a normal part of every workplace and every team.B) Even when managed properly, conflict decreases group cohesiveness and increases tensions.C) Conflict should be avoided because it destroys morale and reduces productivity. D) Conflict is always negative.

answer

A) Conflict is a normal part of every workplace and every team.

question

During a meeting Matthew and Jennifer get into an argument about how to prepare a proposal. What is the first step they should take to try to resolve this conflict? A) Look for common ground.B) Understand the other's point of view.C) Listen carefully to make sure they understand the problem. D) Show concern for the relationship

answer

C) Listen carefully to make sure they understand the problem.

question

Raymond has been appointed team leader of a group that will develop his company's five-year strategic plan. He wants to ensure that his team avoids groupthink. What should he do? A) Choose team members with similar backgrounds.B) Develop systematic procedures for the team to follow.C) Demand that his team make decisions quickly. D) Make sure his team knows what outcomes he favors.

answer

B) Develop systematic procedures for the team to follow.

question

A team must decide whether to adopt a new procedure for submitting expense claims. Team members have decided to continue their discussion until all team members have aired their opinions and, ultimately, agree. What method for reaching group decisions is this team using? A) MajorityB) ConsensusC) Authority rule with discussion D) Averaging

answer

B) Consensus

question

A team of top-level executives is rewriting the company's bylaws. Because this decision will have far-reaching and long-term effects, members want to have the most creative, high-quality discussion possible. What group decision-making method should they use? A) MajorityB) ConsensusC) Authority rule with discussion D) Averaging

answer

B) Consensus

question

Nadia is putting together a team to brainstorm product development ideas. Because she wants her team to be successful, the team should A) be as homogeneous as possible.B) develop procedures to guide them.C) avoid conflict. D) be as large as possible, with at least ten members.

answer

B) develop procedures to guide them.

question

Sarah has agreed to be a team leader in her organization and wants to make sure that the team is ethically responsible. What advice would you give her? A) Make sure that the team represents her organization's view.B) Respect the organization's privileged information.C) Avoid advocating actions that would endanger members of society at large. D) Sarah should do all of these as team leader.

answer

D) Sarah should do all of these as team leader.

question

Select the most accurate statement about meetings. A) Most people look forward to meetings.B) Meetings should be viewed as opportunities to demonstrate leadership, communication, and problem-solving skills.C) Because of advances in technology, the number of face-to-face business meetings is declining rapidly. D) Meetings are an excellent way to communicate information that does not require immediate feedback.

answer

B) Meetings should be viewed as opportunities to demonstrate leadership, communication, and problem-solving skills.

question

Allan manages the Human Resources Department for his company. The due dates for payroll reports will be changing slightly, and he needs to communicate this information to all company managers. Allan should A) send an e-mail or text message to inform the management staff.B) prepare an agenda and call a meeting.C) consult key people to help him decide whether to call a meeting. D) use the grapevine to convey the message.

answer

A) send an e-mail or text message to inform the management staff.

question

Tracey is planning a meeting to develop a new procedure for handling employee grievances. How many participants should she invite? A) At least one representing each of the company's 16 departmentsB) Five or fewerC) Ten or fewer D) 30 or fewer

answer

B) Five or fewer

question

Which of the following statements about meeting agendas is most accurate? A) An agenda of meeting topics should be distributed at least ten days before the meeting.B) An agenda should include as many items as necessary to accomplish your purpose.C) An agenda should not include an allotment of time for each agenda item because doing so can make a meeting too regimented. D) The agenda should include any premeeting preparation expected of participants.

answer

D) The agenda should include any premeeting preparation expected of participants.

question

Deborah will be leading a committee meeting and wants to make sure it is effective and efficient. What should Deborah do to get the meeting started? A) Wait until all participants arrive before beginning the meeting.B) Give a quick recap to anyone who arrives late.C) Go over ground rules at the beginning of the meeting. D) Deborah should do all of these.

answer

C) Go over ground rules at the beginning of the meeting.

question

Sandra is leading a meeting and wants to make sure that they stick to the agenda and end on time. What should she do to move the meeting along? A) As the leader, she should say as much as possible during the meeting.B) Generate a list of important but divergent topics that should be discussed later.C) Not worry so much about time; the most important thing is to make sure that all agenda items are discussed fully. D) Kick anyone out who monopolizes the conversation.

answer

B) Generate a list of important but divergent topics that should be discussed later.

question

Miguel has been invited to attend his first sales meeting and wants to be an active and productive member from the very beginning. Which of the following should he do to make a good impression? A) Keep his cell phone on so that he doesn't miss an important call during the meeting.B) Come prepared to the meeting by doing any preliminary work required.C) Use body language to show whether he's bored; the meeting leader will appreciate his honesty. D) Wait to share his views after the meeting so that the meeting can move along efficiently.

answer

B) Generate a list of important but divergent topics that should be discussed later

question

Which of the following statements about ending a meeting is most accurate? A) The meeting should not end until all agenda items have been fully discussed.B) If minutes are taken, they should be distributed at the next meeting.C) Because all participants should be responsible for paying attention during the meeting, a summary at the end of the meeting would be a waste of time. D) No one should leave the meeting without a full understanding of what was accomplished.

answer

D) No one should leave the meeting without a full understanding of what was accomplished.

question

Which of the following statements about virtual meetings is most accurate? A) Virtual meetings are rare in today's workplace.B) It is almost impossible to exchange ideas, brainstorm, build consensus, or develop personal relationships virtually.C) Two of the most significant reasons for the shift to virtual meetings are saving travel costs and reducing employee fatigue. D) Virtual meetings are generally held to coordinate team activities but not for any other purposes.

answer

C) Two of the most significant reasons for the shift to virtual meetings are saving travel costs and reducing employee fatigue.

question

Angelina uses her computer to access an online meeting room where she takes part in meetings with her department members. In this meeting room, participants are able to present PowerPoint slides and Word documents, share spreadsheets, demonstrate products, visit Web pages, and use a white board. Angelina and her colleagues are using what type of collaboration technology? A) AudioconferencingB) Web conferencingC) Instant messaging D) A blog

answer

B) Web conferencing

question

Devon is responsible for planning a virtual meeting. What should he do before the meeting takes place to ensure that it is productive? A) Make sure the technology being used is accessible to all meeting participants.B) Set the meeting time using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).C) Encourage members to log on 15 minutes early. D) Devon should do all of these.

answer

D) Devon should do all of these.

question

Elizabeth will be taking charge of her first virtual meeting. What should she do to make sure all participants are collaborating successfully during the meeting? A) Use complex language to get her points across.B) When presenting, she should project an upbeat, enthusiastic, strong voice.C) Do most of the talking to reduce confusion. D) Ask leading questions such as "Does everyone agree?" to keep the meeting moving along.

answer

B) When presenting, she should project an upbeat, enthusiastic, strong voice.

question

Which of the following statements about listening is most accurate? A) Listening is a hard skill that employers seek when looking for well-rounded candidates who can be hired and promoted.B) Three quarters of high-quality communication involves listening.C) Everyone knows how to listen because listening is an automatic response to noise. D) Listening skills become less important as one moves up the career ladder.

answer

B) Three quarters of high-quality communication involves listening.

question

Experts say that we ignore, forget, distort, or misunderstand A) less than 10 percent of everything we hear.B) 25 percent of everything we hear.C) 50 percent of everything we hear. D) 75 percent of everything we hear.

answer

D) 75 percent of everything we hear

question

Several factors may cause poor listening habits. Which of the following is not one of these factors? A) Lack of trainingB) Large number of competing sounds and stimuli in our livesC) Physical hearing disability D) Ability to process speech faster than others can speak

answer

C) Physical hearing disability

question

Jonathan was just hired as a human resources assistant and wants to make a good impression in his new position. What should he do when listening to his supervisor? A) Don't ask questions because doing so may make him look ignorant.B) Show his interest by leaning forward and striving for good eye contact.C) Feel free to answer the phone if he receives a call to show how busy he is. D) Rely on his memory for the details rather than take notes to show how sharp he is.

answer

B) Show his interest by leaning forward and striving for good eye contact.

question

Christina spends a lot of time listening to her colleagues during meetings. Because she must remember what they say, she is always careful to identify main ideas and recognize the purpose of their messages. Christina is engaging in A) discriminative listening.B) critical listening.C) lag time. D) efficiency listening.

answer

A) discriminative listening.

question

Which of the following statements about listening to customers is least accurate? A) Listening to customers can result in increased sales and profitability.B) Companies should hire employees who already possess good listening skills because training employees in this area is usually ineffective.C) As the U.S. economy becomes increasingly service oriented, customer service becomes even more important. D) Listening can be a strong customer acquisition and retention tool.

answer

B) Companies should hire employees who already possess good listening skills because training employees in this area is usually ineffective.

question

Cameron is a customer service representative and has just gone through training to improve his listening skills. Which of the following skills was he most likely taught that will make him a better listener? A) Mentally criticize grammar, voice, tone, and speaking style to get a better sense of what the customer is like.B) If you already know what the answer is, you can tune out some of what the customer is saying.C) Remain silent for a few seconds after a customer finishes to be sure the thought is completed. D) Because listening is automatic, you can divide your attention among two or more tasks to be more productive.

answer

C) Remain silent for a few seconds after a customer finishes to be sure the thought is completed.

question

Molly wants to become a better listener in the workplace. Which of the following is the best technique she can do to improve her listening skills? A) Don't maintain direct eye contact because doing so may distract the speaker.B) Interrupt whenever she has an opinion on the topic to share with her speaker.C) Rephrase and summarize the speaker's message in her own words. D) Avoid asking any questions because doing so may distract the speaker.

answer

C) Rephrase and summarize the speaker's message in her own words.

question

In listening to nonnative speakers in the workplace, you should not show impatience, finish sentences, judge accented speech negatively, or A) correct grammar and pronunciation.B) smile or maintain eye contact.C) tell the speaker you're having trouble understanding, D) all of these choices.

answer

A) correct grammar and pronunciation.

question

Which of the following is not a form of nonverbal communication? A) The appearance of a business documentB) Showing up late for a job interviewC) The adjectives used in a sales letter D) Raising one's voice when angry or frustrated

answer

C) The adjectives used in a sales letter

question

Isabella has a habit of giving a thumbs-up sign every time she agrees with something. This functions as what type of nonverbal message? A) To complement and illustrateB) To replace and substituteC) To control and regulate D) To reinforce and accentuate

answer

B) To replace and substitute

question

Jose is describing his new iPhone and uses his thumb and forefinger to demonstrate how thin it is. Jose's action functions to A) complement and illustrate.B) replace and substitute.C) control and regulate the situation. D) contradict.

answer

A) complement and illustrate.

question

Select the most accurate statement about eye contact. A) Communicators consider the eyes to be the most accurate predictor of a speaker's true feelings and attitudes.B) Nonverbal cues, including eye contact, have identical meanings in most cultures.C) Sustained eye contact signifies fear or stress. D) Eye contact cannot be learned; it's an innate trait.

answer

A) Communicators consider the eyes to be the most accurate predictor of a speaker's true feelings and attitudes.

question

Which of the following statements about nonverbal communication is the least accurate? Question options:A) Very few people can control their facial expressions well enough to control the nonverbal messages they send.B) Standing up straight can make a person look arrogant. C) The way you organize your office tells others something about you and your objectives. D) Arriving late repeatedly to meetings can communicate that you are self-centered or have little self-discipline

answer

B) Standing up straight can make a person look arrogant.

question

When your department head Ms. Kruse arranges chairs informally in a circle during a meeting, what kind of message is she sending? Question options:A) A nonverbal message that she is encouraging an open, egalitarian exchange of ideasB) A nonverbal message that she prefers to be separated from others C) A nonverbal and verbal message regarding her aloofness and preference for restricted communication D) A verbal message that she is wary of visitors and indifferent to communication

answer

A) A nonverbal message that she is encouraging an open, egalitarian exchange of ideas

question

Which of the following sends the least positive nonverbal message? Question options:A) An employee wears clothing to work that covers her tattoos.B) A job candidate arrives for an interview dressed in a conservative charcoal gray business suit. C) An employee sends an e-mail message to her colleagues that contains several misspellings and grammatical errors. D) A job candidate uses a high-quality printer to make copies of her résumé and cover letter

answer

C) An employee sends an e-mail message to her colleagues that contains several misspellings and grammatical errors.

question

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about casual apparel in the workplace? Question options:A) Casual dress has become the norm in today's workplace.B) Casual dress policies have led to reduced productivity and lax behavior in some workplaces. C) If you're competent, it doesn't matter what you wear. D) When meeting customers, dress down to make them feel superior.

answer

B) Casual dress policies have led to reduced productivity and lax behavior in some workplaces.

question

Which of the following is an effective way to improve your nonverbal communication skills? Question options:A) Ignore facial expressions and body language; instead, focus only on the verbal message.B) Ask friends and family members to give you feedback on your nonverbal behavior. C) Try to avoid associating with people from diverse cultures since you might misunderstand their nonverbal messages. D) All of these choices.

answer

B) Ask friends and family members to give you feedback on your nonverbal behavior.

question

Which of the following statements about manners and business etiquette is most accurate? Question options:A) Good manners and professional demeanor are hard skills that employers value in employees.B) Because you aren't born with the ability to be courteous, civil, and professional, learning these skills is difficult. C) Employers are more likely to hire and promote someone who is courteous and professional. D) All of these choices are accurate statements.

answer

...

question

Which of the following is the best advice for sending professional e-mails on the job? Question options:A) Use complete sentences and proper punctuation.B) Use IM abbreviations to make your messages more concise. C) Check grammar and spelling only when sending external messages to save time and increase productivity. D) Use a lot of exclamation points to show your enthusiasm.

answer

A) Use complete sentences and proper punctuation.

question

Kelly is about to start her first full-time job after earning her degree and wants to appear as professional as possible. What advice would you give her? Question options:A) Change her current e-mail address, which is [email protected], to something more businesslike.B) Use her cell phone only when conversations can be private. C) Avoid texting during meetings. D) All of these choices will help Kelly appear more professional.

answer

D) All of these choices will help Kelly appear more professional.

question

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about etiquette and civility in today's workplace? Question options:A) Etiquette is not as important in today's fast-paced, high-tech offices.B) Most people don't mind rudeness or poor manners because they make the workplace more interesting. C) Bad manners and incivility are rare in today's workplace. D) Etiquette is more about attitude than about formal rules of behavior.

answer

D) Etiquette is more about attitude than about formal rules of behavior.

question

Daniel will be starting a new job soon and wants to exhibit proper business etiquette in his new workplace. What is the best advice you can give him? Question options:A) Agree with everyone with whom he interacts.B) Talk about his personal relationships and finances as a way to appear human and to establish relationships with other employees. C) Send written thank-you notes to express sincere appreciation and praise. D) Tell as many jokes as possible to put his colleagues at ease.

answer

C) Send written thank-you notes to express sincere appreciation and praise.

question

Which of the following statements about business writing is least accurate? Question options:A) Business writing is different from writing done in high school and college classes.B) When writing business documents, quantity enhances quality. C) Business writers should have a definite purpose to fulfill in each message. D) Business writing should be focused on the reader.

answer

B) When writing business documents, quantity enhances quality.

question

The best business writing is purposeful, persuasive, audience oriented, and Question options:A) technical.B) economical. C) aggressive. D) feelings oriented.

answer

...

question

In Lisbeth's new job, she will be writing many professional business messages. What is the best advice you can give her? Question options:A) To make writing easier, follow a systematic process when preparing and writing business messages.B) Include many references to your feelings to humanize your messages. C) Make your business messages and reports fairly lengthy to show how much work you put into them. D) Draw on your prior writing experience and imagination to produce creative ideas for your business messages.

answer

A) To make writing easier, follow a systematic process when preparing and writing business messages.

question

Business writing should do which of the following? Question options:A) Show your thought processes and prove that you internalized the subject matter.B) Present information clearly and concisely. C) Look at problems and situations from the writer's perspective. D) Strive to impress the reader with your extensive knowledge, powerful vocabulary, and graceful phrasing.

answer

B) Present information clearly and concisely.

question

How can one become a better business writer? Question options:A) Follow a systematic process such as the 3-x-3 writing process.B) Study models of successful business messages. C) Practice writing a variety of business messages. D) Do all of these choices.

answer

D) Do all of these choices.

question

Which of the following takes place during the first phase of the 3-x-3 writing process? Question options:A) Edit the message to make sure it is clear, conversational, concise, and readable.B) Write the rough draft. C) Gather any needed information through formal or informal research techniques. D) Decide what techniques you will use to adapt your message to the audience.

answer

...

question

Which of the following occurs during the second phase of the 3-x-3 writing process? Question options:A) Decide on the purpose of your message.B) Profile your audience. C) Conduct research to gather the data you need to provide facts. D) Evaluate whether your message will achieve its purpose

answer

...

question

Which of the following takes place during the third phase of the 3-x-3 writing process? Question options:A) Edit the message to make sure it is clear, conversational, concise, and readable.B) Proofread the message for spelling, grammar, punctuation, names, numbers, and formatting errors. C) Evaluate the message to decide whether it will achieve its purpose. D) All of these choices

answer

D) All of these choices

question

As a customer service rep, Joseph is responding to a customer's question sent to him via e-mail. What is the very first task Joseph should do? Question options:A) Hit the "Reply" button.B) Determine the purpose of the message he will send as a response. C) Start composing his reply. D) Conduct any necessary research.

answer

B) Determine the purpose of the message he will send as a response.

question

Jenny is an event planner and is responding to an e-mail request from a client. What should Jenny do during the second phase of the writing process? Question options:A) Check the format of the message.B) Proofread for spelling and grammar errors in the message. C) Determine the best organizational pattern for her reply message to the client. D) Analyze the situation and anticipate how her client will respond to her message.

answer

C) Determine the best organizational pattern for her reply message to the client.

question

Jorge is working on a sales brochure to promote a new product. Which of the following will Jorge do during the third phase of the writing process? Question options:A) Anticipate how customers will react to the message.B) Proofread the brochure carefully for correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors. C) Conduct all necessary research to make sure that the brochure will meet his customers' needs. D) Decide how to organize the brochure to make it most persuasive to his customers.

answer

B) Proofread the brochure carefully for correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors.

question

Which of the following statements about the 3-x-3 writing process is most accurate? Question options:A) Experienced writers usually spend the most time on the third phase of the writing process.B) The steps of the writing process must always be followed in order. C) The 3-x-3 writing process is useful only for longer, more complex documents. D) The writer decides whether a document achieves its purpose in the first phase of the writing process.

answer

...

question

Emma is writing a proposal to solicit business from a potential client. She should expect to spend the most time on Question options:A) analyzing the purpose of the message and anticipating the needs of the client.B) revising, proofreading, and evaluating the proposal. C) composing the first draft of the proposal at her computer. D) researching the information to include in the proposal.

answer

B) revising, proofreading, and evaluating the proposal.

question

The primary purpose of messages that explain procedures, announce meetings, answer questions, or transmit findings is to Question options:A) persuade.B) inform. C) promote goodwill. D) sell.

answer

C) promote goodwill.

question

The primary purpose of messages that sell products, convince managers, motivate employees, and win over customers is to Question options:A) persuade.B) inform. C) promote goodwill. D) educate.

answer

...

STUDY

Business Communications Business Management Linguistics

COM 351 – Flashcard 380 terms

Adrien Vincent

380 terms

Preview

COM 351 – Flashcard

question

Strong ________ skills are necessary for job placement, performance, career advancement, and organizational success.

answer

Communication

question

Which statement about writing skills in today's workplace is most accurate?

answer

Writing skills are more important today than ever.

question

The first step in the three-step plan for effective problem solving involves ________ .

answer

identifying the challenge or issue and gathering information

question

Which statement about employees in today's workplace is most accurate?

answer

Employees must be wary of their online presence and manage and guard their reputations.

question

In a tough employment market, job seekers need to meet the employer's expectations for skills and attributes. Which of the following skill sets is most demanded by employers?

answer

Written and oral communication

question

Which of the following is not a trend in today's workplace?

answer

Reduced global competition

question

What is one reason today's companies use communication technologies?

answer

To collect information

question

Telecommuting employees now represent ________ percent of the workforce, and this number increases annually.

answer

question

Which of the following is not a function of most business communications?

answer

To entertain

question

When internal communication must be written, you will probably use ________ .

answer

e-mails

question

Which communication channel represents the richest communication medium and also produces the highest degree of probable communication effectiveness?

answer

Face-to-face conversation

question

Which of the following is an example of downward communication?

answer

A supervisor sends a memo to all division employees detailing the newest procedure for submitting expense account reports.

question

The six goals of ethical business communicators are ________ , telling the truth, labeling opinions, being objective, communicating clearly, using inclusive language, and giving credit.

answer

abiding by the law

question

When individuals justify their unethical behavior by comparing themselves to the worse behavior of others, they are displaying what kind of ethical trap?

answer

Doctrine-of-Relative-Filth Trap

question

Before responding to an ethical dilemma, you should ask yourself (a) whether the action you are considering is legal, (b) how you would look at the problem if you were on the opposite side, (c) whether you can think of alternate solutions, (d) how you would feel if your friends and family learned of your action, and (e) whether ________ .

answer

a trusted advisor would agree

question

We are all born with the abilities to read, listen, and write effectively.

answer

False

question

To be competitive in today's business environment, employees must have strong communication skills.

answer

True

question

The 21st-century economy depends mainly on information and knowledge.

answer

True

question

In today's marketplace only large companies find themselves competing in global markets.

answer

False

question

In response to intense global competition, businesses have been cutting costs and flattening management hierarchies.

answer

True

question

Business communicators are moving from one-sided, slower forms of communication channels such as memos and letters to more interactive, instant, less paper-based communication such as e-mail, instant messaging (IM), texting, and social media.

answer

True

question

Information flowing upward generally moves from decision makers, including the CEO and managers, through the chain of command to workers.

answer

False

question

Effective managers ignore the information generated and passed within a company's grapevine of communication.

answer

False

question

Ethics refers to conventional standards of right and wrong that prescribe what people should do.

answer

True

question

Effective business communicators should always give credit to the ideas of others.

answer

True

question

During her job interview, Jasmine should try to convince the employer of her potential, learn about the job and the company, and ________ .

answer

expand on the information in her résumé

question

Which is the most common type of interview?

answer

One-on-one

question

A ________ interview is usually conducted by a people who will be the job candidate's supervisors or colleagues.

answer

panel

question

To make a positive first impression during your first phone conversation with a potential employer, what tip should you practice?

answer

Have a copy of your résumé near the phone.

question

Prior to a job interview, you should develop success stories that demonstrate all of the following except ________ .

answer

admitting your weaknesses

question

To manage your online presence, which of the following tips should you practice?

answer

Remove any incriminating, provocative, or distasteful photos, content, or links.

question

To send positive nonverbal messages and to act professionally during an interview, which suggestion should you follow?

answer

Avoid chewing gum.

question

One of the first questions you may be asked in an interview is "Tell me about yourself." What is the best advice for answering this question?

answer

Relate educational, professional, or business-related strengths.

question

Which of the following is an example of a behavioral interview question?

answer

Describe a time when you worked effectively as part of a team

question

Which of the following interview questions is illegal and inappropriate?

answer

Do you have any children?

question

When writing an interview thank-you message, what is the best advice to follow?

answer

Reference the interview date, the precise job title, and the specific topics discussed in the interview.

question

When you must contact your references following an interview, what advice should you follow?

answer

Write an e-mail or letter informing your reference about the position, its requirements, and the recommendation deadline.

question

When completing an application form, you should be prepared to explain the reasons for leaving previous positions. Avoid words or phrases such as ________ .

answer

Quit

question

When writing an application or résumé follow-up message, you should open the message by ________ .

answer

reminding the reader of your interes

question

When turning down a job offer, show your professionalism by ________ .

answer

thanking the employer for the job offer

question

The job interview is a one-way street. You are being judged by the employer.

answer

False

question

Because a screening interview is typically short, you need not worry about selling your qualifications.

answer

False

question

You should research the target company after you have been offered the position.

answer

False

question

You can expect to be nervous during an interview.

answer

True

question

During an interview reveal two to three of your weaknesses to make yourself look human.

answer

False

question

When responding to behavioral interview questions, you should briefly explain the situation and describe the problem or task, your action, and its results.

answer

True

question

When asked whether you have any questions, the worst thing you can do is say "No."

answer

True

question

Follow-up letters are most effective if sent immediately after the interview.

answer

True

question

When completing a job application form, leave blank the sections that don't apply to you.

answer

False

question

Although you will likely discuss your resignation in person with your supervisor, it is a good idea to document your resignation by writing a formal letter.

answer

True

question

Which of the following is the best example of a soft skill?

answer

Following proper business etiquette when speaking with a customer

question

Which of the following is not a reason why companies rely on teams to conduct business?

answer

Increased market shares

question

Which statement about teams is most accurate?

answer

Poorly functioning teams avoid conflict.

question

A meeting should be called only if the topic is important, the topic requires an exchange of ideas, and ________ .

answer

the topic can't wait

question

Saving travel costs and ________ are significant reasons for virtual meetings displacing business travel.

answer

reducing employee fatigue

question

________ allows collaborators to access an online virtual meeting room where they can present PowerPoint slides, share files, demonstrate products, and interact with participants in real time.

answer

Web conferencing

question

Most people listen at ________ percent efficiency.

answer

question

When listening to your superior on the job, ________ .

answer

show interest by leaning forward and striving for good eye contact

question

To improve your listening efficiency, you should ________ .

answer

paraphrase a speaker's message

question

Which statement about nonverbal communication is most accurate?

answer

Effective communicators make certain that their nonverbal messages reinforce their spoken words and their goals.

question

Social interaction involves four space zones. The category of distance that defines the social zone is ________ .

answer

4 to 12 feet

question

Coua has just started a new job. To ensure that she sends positive nonverbal signals in the workplace, Coua should do all of the following except ________ .

answer

stare at others when she is communicating with them to demonstrate her attentiveness and respect

question

When using technology to communicate with others in the workplace, how can you demonstrate professionalism?

answer

Turn off your phone and message notification during meetings.

question

To be a professional employee, you should ________ .

answer

be selective in sharing personal information

question

Which statement about professionalism on the job is most accurate?

answer

By projecting and maintaining a professional image, you will more likely to be taken seriously and to be promoted.

question

All teams, at some point, reach the final phase of team development: performing.

answer

False

question

Decisions by majority generally produce the most team commitment.

answer

False

question

At least two hours in advance of a meeting, you should distribute an agenda that includes the date and place of the meeting, the start time and end time, and a brief description of each topic.

answer

False

question

More and more companies are using virtual meetings to conduct business in today's workplace.

answer

True

question

Because Joseph has trouble hearing the keynote speaker, he changes seats to increase his mental focus on the speaker. The powerful listening skill Joseph is using is controlling external and internal distractions.

answer

True

question

Discriminative listening involves judging and evaluating what you are hearing.

answer

False

question

The meanings for nonverbal messages are the same in all cultures.

answer

False

question

The appearance of a letter, memo, e-mail, or report can have either a positive or a negative effect on a receiver.

answer

True

question

As workloads increase and face-to-face meetings decline, bad manners and incivility are becoming alarmingly common in the American workplace.

answer

True

question

When sending e-mails in the workplace, employees should send messages void of any punctuation or capitalization to save time.

answer

False

question

Which of the following statements about the global business economy is most accurate?

answer

To be competitive, many businesses have formed multinational alliances.

question

Which of the following is not a factor influencing today's business globalization?

answer

Increased profits in domestic markets

question

Which of the following sentences about culture is inaccurate?

answer

Culture is shaped by attitudes learned in adulthood.

question

Which country represents a high-context culture?

answer

Japan

question

Communicators in low-context cultures ________ .

answer

tend to value individualism

question

Melinda's organization has expanded into an Arab country, and Melinda expects her Arab colleagues will appreciate her work style: she doesn't waste time on coffee or social rituals before beginning the business portion of the meeting. Melinda's misconception is the result of ________ .

answer

Ethnocentrism

question

To improve tolerance, you will want to ________ .

answer

Show empathy

question

Which statement about the use of social media and its relationship to intercultural communication is most accurate?

answer

Social media offers a rich opportunity for intercultural engagement.

question

Jeff will be traveling to Mexico on business and wants to be able to communicate effectively with his Hispanic counterparts. He already knows that they speak English as a second language, but he's not sure at what level. Which of the following is the best advice for Jeff?

answer

Ask probing questions, and encourage the listener to paraphrase what has been said.

question

In written communications with businesspeople in other cultures, it's wise to adopt local formats, use short sentences, and ________ .

answer

include relative pronouns such as that, which, and who for clarity in introducing clauses

question

As his company globalizes its business, Jordan faces cultural challenges related to differing ethical standards. To make ethical decisions across borders, Jordan should become more sensitive to the values and customs of other countries, find alternatives to government payoffs, and ________ .

answer

embrace transparency and conduct all negotiations as openly as possible

question

Select the most accurate statement.

answer

Most industrialized countries, including the United States, have formally agreed to a ban on the practice of bribery of foreign government officials

question

The future U.S. workforce is expected to ________ .

answer

include more African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, and other minorities

question

Which of the following statements about workplace diversity is inaccurate?

answer

Companies embracing diversity will automatically enjoy harmonious work environments.

question

To improve communication among diverse workplaces, companies and individuals should ________ .

answer

look for common ground in shared experiences, mutual goals, and similar values

question

To succeed in today's interdependent global world, companies must adapt to other cultures.

answer

True

question

The most significant factor affecting globalization is the development of information and communication technologies.

answer

True

question

Culture can be defined as the "complex system of values, traits, morals, and customs shared by a society."

answer

True

question

Almost every culture understands the value of time, correlating it with productivity, efficiency, and money.

answer

False

question

Ethnocentrism, which involves the belief that one's own race is superior to others, is a natural belief inherent in all cultures.

answer

True

question

Prejudice can be defined as "an oversimplified behavioral pattern applied uncritically to groups."

answer

False

question

Learning the nonverbal skills of another culture is much more difficult than learning its verbal skills.

answer

True

question

The United States has taken the global lead in fighting corruption in business.

answer

True

question

A diverse staff is better able to read trends and respond to the increasingly diverse customer base in local and world markets.

answer

True

question

Because diversity is always a positive force within organizations, companies can increase their diversity without fear of negative impacts.

answer

False

question

According to your text, communication can be defined as "the transmission of ________ from one individual or group to another."

answer

information and meaning

question

The process of communication begins when ________ .

answer

the sender has an idea

question

________ is a communication barrier that occurs when individuals associate different meanings to words.

answer

Bypassing

question

Which of the following statements about business writing is most accurate?

answer

Business writing should be focused on the audience.

question

Following the process 3-x-3 writing process helps a writer because it ________ .

answer

takes the guesswork out of writing, making it easy to plan, organize, and complete any message

question

In what phase of the writing process should you spend the most time?

answer

Revising

question

The primary purposes for sending business messages are ________ .

answer

to inform and to persuade

question

Mark is planning a business message. He is deciding what kind of language is appropriate, what depth of explanation is needed, and whether his tone should be formal or informal. What prewriting task is Mark completing?

answer

Responding to the audience profile

question

Marcee must evaluate each of her employees yearly. What communication channel should she use to convey the results of her evaluation?

answer

Face-to-face conversation

question

When developing audience benefits, you will adapt your message to the receiver's needs by putting yourself in that person's shoes. This process is called ________ .

answer

empathy

question

Which of the following sentences is most effective?

answer

We are happy to offer you in-store credit for the full value of any merchandise returned with a copy of the sales receipt.

question

Which of the following sentences avoids bias?

answer

Hundreds of sales representatives are expected to attend the convention.

question

Collaboration on team-written documents may be necessary for projects that are big, have short deadlines, and ________ .

answer

require the expertise or consensus of many people

question

Which of the following represents a benefit of team-written documents?

answer

Working together helps members learn more about the organization's values and procedures.

question

One of the most frustrating tasks for teams is writing shared documents, but online collaboration tools now help. Which tool ensures immediate availability of information, allows members to clear up minor matters immediately, and is helpful in initiating a quick group discussion?

answer

Instant messaging

question

Encoding involves translating a message from its symbol form into meaning.

answer

False

question

One of the best techniques a receiver can use to improve understanding is to paraphrase a speaker's message.

answer

True

question

The first phase of the writing process involves writing a rough draft of your message.

answer

False

question

The writing process must follow this order: prewriting, drafting, and revising.

answer

False

question

Before you compose a message, ask yourself "Why am I sending this message?" and "What do I hope to achieve?"

answer

True

question

When selecting which communication channel to send a message, you should base your decision on only the cost of the channel.

answer

False

question

Business messages are most effective when they convey an informal, conversational tone instead of a formal tone.

answer

True

question

Jargon should be avoided in all business messages.

answer

False

question

With big writing projects, team members may function independently in some phases of the writing process.

answer

True

question

Teams that are working on a written document should probably avoid software tools like Microsoft Word and Google Docs because the complexity of the software may frustrate members and will probably cause group failure.

answer

False

question

In the planning stage of the writing process, business writers collect research. Which question should a business writer ask when collecting research?

answer

What does the receiver need to know about this topic?

question

Informal research methods may include talking with your boss, interviewing the target audience, conducting an informal survey, and ________ .

answer

searching company files

question

Daniel has been asked to learn what features his customers consider most important when purchasing a car. Probably, the best research method for Daniel is ________ .

answer

investigating primary sources

question

When brainstorming to generate ideas, a group should ________ .

answer

require every participant to contribute ideas

question

Jane's plan for a business message begins with the main idea, followed by the details, explanation, and evidence. Jane is using the ________ .

answer

direct organizational pattern

question

The indirect strategy works best when delivering these three types of messages: bad news, persuasive messages, and ________ .

answer

sensitive information

question

Which sentence type contains an independent clause and a dependent clause?

answer

Complex

question

Which of the following is an example of a comma splice?

answer

Hallie submitted her résumé online, she hoped to receive a response from the employer by the end of the week.

question

Business writers should try to write sentences that average ________ words.

answer

question

Which of the following sentences uses a stylistic device to emphasize the important idea?

answer

Create an attractive design for your résumé more importantly, present your skills and qualifications clearly.

question

Which of the following sentences contains an active-voice verb?

answer

Carmen processed the résumés after the application deadline.

question

Which of the following sentences demonstrates parallelism?

answer

Our regional sales staff will meet in Los Angeles on February 1, in Pittsburgh on August 15, and in Kansas City on December 1.

question

Micah is writing a proposal and wants to write powerful paragraphs. To ensure his paragraphs are powerful, how many ideas should he cover per paragraph?

answer

One

question

Paragraphs arranged in the direct strategy ________ .

answer

begin with the topic sentence, followed by supporting sentences

question

Which technique will build paragraph coherence?

answer

Dovetailing ideas

question

Because researching can be a time-consuming process, business writers should avoid researching and spend more time organizing and writing their messages.

answer

False

question

Long reports and complex business problems generally require formal research methods.

answer

True

question

Many communication experts regard poor organization as the greatest failing of business writers.

answer

True

question

When you expect the audience to be uninterested, unwilling, displeased, or hostile, the direct strategy is more appropriate.

answer

False

question

Since you have prepared thoroughly for the job interview and have the necessary college education is an example of an effective sentence.

answer

False

question

When a writer joins two independent clauses without any conjunctions or punctuation, the result is a run-on or fused sentence, which can be corrected by merely adding a comma.

answer

False

question

Business communicators should avoid the use of all underscoring, italicizing, or boldfacing in their messages.

answer

False

question

Lying in her briefcase, Pa found her iPhone is a well-written sentence.

answer

False

question

A topic sentence should reveal the main idea of a paragraph.

answer

True

question

Words and phrases such as accordingly, as a result, and consequently are transitional expressions that contradict previous ideas.

answer

False

question

The final phase of the 3-x-3 writing process involves editing, proofreading, and ________ .

answer

evaluating the message

question

Which of the following sentences demonstrates effective, concise style?

answer

Generally, organizations now have policies to encourage ethical conduct.

question

In today's technological world, business writers must know how to microblog effectively. Microblogging involves ________ .

answer

exchanging short messages on social media networks

question

The sentence Please do not hesitate to call me could be revised for clarity by eliminating a(n) ________ .

answer

trite business expression

question

As a business writer, you must make your messages clear. One way to achieve clarity is to apply the KISS formula, which stands for ________ .

answer

Keep It Short and Simple

question

When challenged by the competition, a smart salesperson can shoot from the hip and make a bundle even in a tight market contains ________ .

answer

clichés

question

To enhance the readability of your document, use a margin that aligns lines ________ .

answer

only at the left

question

Brenda has written her résumé and has included a bulleted list of her qualifications. Which of the following items within her bulleted list does not demonstrate parallel structure?

answer

Daily customer service

question

Headings can be an effective tool to highlight information, improve readability, and ________ .

answer

preview or review important ideas

question

When proofreading a document, you will check all of the following for errors except ________ .

answer

readability

question

When proofreading complex documents, ________ .

answer

be prepared to find errors

question

Which of the following statements is inaccurate?

answer

Proofread a printed copy of a long, complex document once to catch all errors.

question

Many of us struggle with proofreading our own writing because we ________ .

answer

tend to see what we expect to see

question

What is the best way to judge the success of your communication?

answer

Via feedback from the receiver

question

Which is a question most likely to be asked in the evaluation phase of revision?

answer

Will my message achieve its purpose?

question

Concise messages save reading time.

answer

True

question

The following is an example of effective business writing: We hire managers who meet our necessary prerequisites and can direct workers who lack motivation.

answer

False

question

Paradigm shift, leveraging, and value-added services are examples of slang.

answer

False

question

To make your business messages meaningful and current, include popular words or expressions such as "blowing the budget" and "getting burned."

answer

False

question

Empty space on a page is called white space

answer

True

question

Numbered or bulleted lists increase reader comprehension.

answer

True

question

Do not capitalize the initial word of each line in a bulleted or numbered list.

answer

False

question

Proofreading before a document is completed is likely to be a waste of time.

answer

True

question

Chandler has just completed writing a long company report. He should set it aside for at least a day before proofreading it.

answer

True

question

Evaluating your document helps you determine how successful your message will be.

answer

True

question

An e-mail message would appropriate for all of the following situations except ________ .

answer

as a substitute for face-to-face conversations or phone calls

question

Which of these is the most effective closing for an e-mail message?

answer

So that we may meet our project deadline date, please provide answers to these questions by March 18.

question

When replying to an e-mail, what tip should you follow?

answer

Begin your response with the main idea.

question

Memos are necessary for internal communications that are long, demand formality, inform employees who may not have access to e-mail, and ________ .

answer

require a permanent record

question

Which of the following subject lines would be most effective for an e-mail or memo?

answer

FYI--PhotoShop Training, May 15

question

Although instant messaging and texting can save time and simplify communication with customers and coworkers, employees should ________ before using either of these on the job.

answer

check their employers' policies to ensure they have permission

question

Which of the following is good advice when sending texts or instant messages on the job?

answer

Use good grammar and proper spelling.

question

Businesses have embraced podcasting for sending audio and video messages that ________ .

answer

do not require a live presence yet provide a friendly human face

question

A Web-based tool that enables multiple users to collaboratively create, post, edit, and access information is a ________ .

answer

wiki

question

A blog is a(n) ________ .

answer

website with journal entries on any imaginable topic usually written by one person

question

Businesses use blogs to keep customers and employees informed and to interact with them. What is the biggest advantage of business blogs?

answer

They potentially reach a far-flung, vast audience.

question

What is the best advice for blogging?

answer

Identify your audience and tailor your message to your audience.

question

Which of the following statements about social networking is inaccurate?

answer

Social networks provide no liabilities for businesses.

question

Which of the following is the best tip for employees who use social networking sites?

answer

Establish boundaries, and don't share information online that you would not be comfortable sharing openly in the office.

question

Many companies now use RSS (Really Simply Syndication) to ________ .

answer

keep informed of breaking news

question

A complimentary closing such as Cheers or All the best is optional in the closing of an e-mail message, but providing your name is mandatory.

answer

True

question

When responding to an e-mail message, insert your responses to parts of the incoming message using a different font or color or your initials.

answer

True

question

Unlike e-mail, instant and text messaging are not subject to discovery and may not be used in lawsuits.

answer

False

question

Do not use texting or instant messaging at work to notify others of sad news, sensitive business matters, or urgent meetings.

answer

True

question

Like Twitter, podcasts, blogs, and wikis are part of the new user-centered virtual environment called Web 2.0.

answer

True

question

Wikis can be used to collect and disseminate information to large audiences to create a database for knowledge management, to generate feedback from employees, to facilitate project management, and to share information between corporate headquarters and satellite offices.

answer

True

question

Although businesses use blogs to keep employees in remote locations in touch with others in the organization, they haven't yet found ways to use blogs for public relations, customer relations, crisis management, or market research.

answer

False

question

"Blogrolling" means that you respond to other bloggers' postings and avoid rude or unprofessional messages.

answer

False

question

Recruiters now routinely check applicants' online presence in the screening process.

answer

True

question

To demonstrate professionalism, you should avoid sending personal e-mails, instant messages, or texts from work.

answer

True

question

Before beginning a message, you should ask yourself these questions: Do I really need to write this message? Why am I writing? How will the reader react? What channel should I use? and ________

answer

How can I save my reader's time?

question

Mark just got off the phone with a client and wants a permanent record of the conversation. To create a record of their conversation, Mark should prepare a(n) ________ and send it to his client.

answer

letter

question

In Phase ________ of the writing process, you will conduct research, organize information, and compose the first draft.

answer

question

Natalia is writing the opening for a business message that is making a routine request. She believes her request will be received positively; therefore, she should begin with __________.

answer

the main idea

question

Choose the best closing for a routine request message that asks the receiver to complete a survey.

answer

Thanks for returning your completed survey before October 15 when we will start compiling the results.

question

Choose the best opening for a response to a routine request e-mail.

answer

I would be willing to speak at your meeting on February 1.

question

What is the best advice to follow when responding to customers online?

answer

Respond in a friendly, upbeat, yet professional tone.

question

Instruction messages will be most readable if you divide the instructions into steps, list the steps in the order in which they are to be performed, arrange the items vertically with numbers, and ________ .

answer

begin each step with an action verb using the imperative mood

question

Which of the following is the most effective closing for a message issuing instructions?

answer

Following this new process will ensure less down time on the production line, which will help you achieve your production goals.

question

Which of the following is the best opening for a routine claim letter?

answer

Please send a contractor to repaint our office conference room.

question

What is the best advice to follow when writing an online review or complaint?

answer

Keep your review or complaint clean, polite, and succinct.

question

Which of the following is not a goal in writing adjustment letters?

answer

To encourage future correspondence with the customer

question

Which of the following is the best opening for an adjustment letter?

answer

Enclosed is a check for $35 as reimbursement for the two broken espresso cups you received.

question

What is the best advice to follow when writing adjustment messages?

answer

Avoid the use of negative words

question

Goodwill messages should ________ .

answer

include specific incidents or characteristics of the receiver

question

Most messages in the workplace are positive or neutral.

answer

True

question

The final step in Phase 3 of the 3-x-3 writing process is proofreading the product.

answer

False

question

When writing a direct response letter, the first sentence should explain who you are and why you are responding.

answer

False

question

The following step is an effective statement for the body of an instruction message: Your signed contract should be returned in the enclosed, preaddressed envelope.

answer

False

question

Claim letters are taken more seriously than telephone calls or e-mails.

answer

True

question

In the body of a claim letter, explain the problem and justify your request.

answer

True

question

Jorge is writing an adjustment letter granting the customer's claim request; Jorge should use the indirect strategy to deliver this message.

answer

False

question

The following sentences would be appropriate in the closing of an adjustment letter: Your description of your experience with the software is appreciated

answer

False

question

Goodwill messages should be written as quickly as possible after the event being recognized.

answer

True

question

When saying thank-you to an individual, use a ready-made card rather than writing a letter because letters are viewed as more formal.

answer

False

question

Receivers of bad news are less disappointed if they know the reason for the rejection, feel the news was revealed sensitively, and believe the ________ .

answer

matter was treated seriously and fairly

question

Which of the following is not a goal in conveying negative news?

answer

Emphasizing that your company does not make errors

question

When conveying negative news, you can minimize potential legal issues by avoiding abusive and careless language and ________ .

answer

providing no personal feelings or opinions in your message

question

Using the direct strategy to deliver bad news is appropriate for all of the following situations except ________ .

answer

when the bad news is unexpected

question

Using the indirect strategy enables the writer to ________ .

answer

keep the reader's attention until the reasons for the bad news have been explained

question

What is the correct order of ideas when using the indirect strategy to reveal bad news?

answer

Buffer, reasons, bad news, pleasant close

question

Which of the following is the best example of an effective buffer in a bad-news letter denying a customer's claim?

answer

We know that you expect superior performance from all the products you purchase from Espresso Enterprises.

question

Which of the following sentences delivers bad news using the passive voice?

answer

Merchandise refunds are not given at our company without a receipt.

question

Select the best closing sentence of a bad-news letter.

answer

We appreciate your interest in our organization, and we wish you the best of luck in your job search.

question

When you are preparing a message that will refuse a typical request, you should first determine ________ .

answer

how the message will affect the receiver

question

What is the best advice to follow when dealing with disappointed customers in print or online?

answer

Address the problems immediately and personally.

question

All of the following are reasons why written messages may be used to respond to disappointed customers except ________ .

answer

to demonstrate the writer's command of the English language

question

One of the most important goals in a letter that refuses credit is to ________ .

answer

retain customers on a cash basis

question

When delivering bad news face to face within an organization, what is the best advice to follow?

answer

Outline what you have to say before delivering the bad news.

question

Most job refusal letters ________ .

answer

are general, simple, and short

question

Readers are more likely to accept negative messages if the tone is friendly and respectful.

answer

True

question

To be actionable (likely to result in a lawsuit), abusive language must be in writing.

answer

False

question

Bad news messages should always be organized indirectly.

answer

False

question

Bad news may be easier to accept when revealed gradually.

answer

True

question

"We are sorry that mistakes were made in filling your order" is a well-written apology.

answer

False

question

In the sentence Although we must discontinue the health club benefit, all other benefits will remain unchanged, the bad news has been de-emphasized.

answer

True

question

References to resale information or promotion are never appropriate in bad-news messages.

answer

False

question

When informing customers of price hikes or rate increases, you should explain the reasons by associating them to increased consumer benefits.

answer

True

question

When delivering bad news in person, you must first decide if the negative news is newsworthy.

answer

True

question

Letters that deny applications for employment should be courteous and tactful and offer specific information explaining why the candidate was not hired.

answer

False

question

Which of the following is not a component of persuasion?

answer

Coercion

question

Which of the following is not a trigger that causes individuals to change a behavior or an attitude?

answer

Dominance

question

Which statement about persuasion in the digital age is accurate?

answer

Persuasion is complex and impersonal.

question

What is the correct order of ideas for a persuasive request using the indirect strategy?

answer

Gain attention, build interest, elicit desire, prompt action

question

You must write a letter convincing your reader to donate money to your company's annual United Way campaign. What indirect benefit to the reader could you incorporate within your letter?

answer

A statement regarding the need for charitable donations and the power of giving

question

Which of the following best prompts action in a persuasive message?

answer

Our professional landscaping services will help you make a good first impression with your customers. Call us by June 30 to take advantage of our summer discount.

question

When you are writing to complain about something and you believe that your request is justified and will be granted, you should use __________.

answer

the direct strategy

question

Dale is writing a claim letter to a company about a damaged product he received. As Dale is composing his letter to the company, what advice should he follow?

answer

begin the claim with sincere praise, an objective statement of the problem, a point of agreement, or a quick review of what he has done to resolve the problem.

question

Melinda must write a message to her employees to convey the new procedure for handling customer complaints. Melinda should ________ .

answer

state the purpose of her message immediately

question

When selling an idea to management, writers often are successful if they make a strong case for saving ________ .

answer

money

question

Malcolm is creating a message to send to his boss and is hoping to convince his boss to implement a four-day work week. Malcolm should ________ .

answer

discuss the risks and benefits to the employer and the employee

question

Stressing how a product or service will help the reader make money is an example of a(n) ________ .

answer

rational appeal

question

What technique should you use when writing an e-mail sales message?

answer

Write a catchy subject line.

question

What is the best advice for expressing price in a sales letter if price may be an obstacle?

answer

Compare your prices with those of a competitor.

question

A press release should ________ .

answer

present the news early in the message

question

Persuasive messages are always delivered verbally.

answer

False

question

The first step in planning a persuasive message is determining its purpose.

answer

True

question

When using the AIDA strategy to present a persuasive message, you should develop desire in the closing of your message.

answer

False

question

A persuader is effective only when he or she is believable.

answer

True

question

Generally, the indirect strategy is best for requesting straightforward adjustments.

answer

False

question

Holly is writing a complaint letter. She will be most effective if she appeals to the receiver's sense of responsibility and pride in the company's good name.

answer

True

question

Instructions or directives moving downward from superiors to subordinates usually require little persuasion.

answer

True

question

Your primary goal in writing a sales message is to get someone to devote a few moments of attention to it.

answer

True

question

The first rule of e-marketing is to communicate only with those who have given permission.

answer

True

question

News releases should cover the answers to the five Ws and one H (who, what, when, where, why, how) in the first sentence to be most effective.

answer

False

question

Which of the following is not a purpose for a business report?

answer

To increase production

question

Which of the following reports is an example of an informational report?

answer

A report that shows a manufacturing firm has complied with environmental regulations

question

Tania will be writing an analytical report that discusses three potential new locations for her company. She wants to follow the indirect strategy. How should she organize her report?

answer

Introduction/Problem, Facts/Findings, Conclusions/Recommendations

question

The first step in writing a report is to ________ .

answer

analyze the problem and purpose

question

Which question should you ask to anticipate your audience?

answer

What do my readers need to know about this topic?

question

A good work plan for a business research project should include a statement of the problem, a statement of purpose, a tentative outline, a work schedule, and a ________ .

answer

research strategy

question

Nearly every written report should begin with ________ .

answer

a review of secondary data

question

Which of the following is the best advice for searching the Web?

answer

Omit articles and prepositions.

question

Web sources should be evaluated for their authority, content, accuracy, and currency. What question should you ask to determine the currency of a Web source?

answer

What is the date of the Web source?

question

Which of the following is the best question to include in a mail survey?

answer

Do you approve of a flat-rate income tax?

question

All of the following are reasons for documenting report data except ________ .

answer

to demonstrate your command of the English language

question

To help you paraphrase effectively, which of the following should you practice?

answer

Write your own version of the original document without looking it

question

What is the most frequently used graphic in a report?

answer

Table

question

A ________ is especially effective in comparing related items, illustrating changes in data over time, and showing segments as a part of the whole.

answer

bar chart

question

What is the best advice to follow when incorporating graphics within the body of a report?

answer

Introduce the graphic.

question

Based on their function, business reports usually fall into one of two categories: informational or analytical.

answer

True

question

Analytical and informational reports are always written using a letter format.

answer

False

question

Whether preparing an analytical or informational report, you do not need to prepare a purpose statement.

answer

False

question

Anticipating the audience helps writers determine how much background material to include, how much detail to add, and what method of organization and presentation to follow.

answer

True

question

Secondary data result from firsthand experience and observation.

answer

False

question

As a writer of business reports, you will probably begin your secondary research with electronic resources.

answer

True

question

Plagiarism is the act of using another's ideas without proper documentation.

answer

True

question

As long as you paraphrase the information you find during your research, you don't have to give credit to the original source.

answer

False

question

Incorporating graphics within a report can clarify data.

answer

True

question

The major advantage of line charts is that they show changes over time, thus indicating trends.

answer

True

question

Determine the mean of the numbers 6, 17, 22, 28, and 37.

answer

question

Determine the mode of the numbers 38, 24, 46, 38, and 54.

answer

question

What tool is best to analyze verbal data?

answer

Grids

question

The most widely read portions of a report are generally the sections devoted to the ________ .

answer

conclusions and recommendations

question

Select the best wording for a recommendation.

answer

Offer a 10 percent discount on a customer's first online order.

question

A manager at General Electric is preparing a sales report presenting the results of three of GE's divisions. This report should be organized by ________ .

answer

Component

question

A good introductory paragraph for a business report should tell the purpose of the report, describe the significance of the topic, and ________ .

answer

preview the main points

question

Which of the following transitions is best to clarify points?

answer

For example

question

When creating headings for a report, which of these principles should you follow?

answer

Incorporate at least one heading per page

question

________ reports are written at regular intervals to keep management informed of operations and activities.

answer

Periodic

question

What advice should you follow to produce professional-looking reports?

answer

Use a consistent type font throughout the report.

question

Megan is preparing her trip report. She should begin her report by ________ .

answer

identifying the event

question

Which statement regarding analytical reports is most accurate?

answer

Most analytical reports answer questions about specific problems and aid in decision making

question

In preparing a justification/recommendation report in which you anticipate reader opposition, you should begin by ________ .

answer

making a general reference to the problem in the subject line

question

________ reports examine problems with two or more solutions.

answer

Yardstick

question

The median represents the midpoint in a group of figures arranged from lowest to highest.

answer

True

question

A decision matrix grid can be helpful for managers when they must make a decision based on a number of complex options.

answer

True

question

Any set of data can produce only one set of conclusions.

answer

False

question

When presenting recommendations, always include such words as "maybe" or "perhaps" within the recommendations to demonstrate your objectivity.

answer

False

question

Agendas, minutes of meetings, progress reports, and procedures are usually organized by time.

answer

True

question

Talking headings show the outline of a report but provide little insight for readers.

answer

False

question

Short informational reports should be organized using the direct strategy.

answer

True

question

A summary should condense the original ideas by 25 to 30 percent.

answer

False

question

Feasibility reports are usually internal reports written to evaluate whether a course of action should be taken.

answer

True

question

All reports, whether analytical or information, should be delivered in paper copy.

answer

False

question

Which statement regarding proposals is most accurate?

answer

Proposals are written offers to solve problems, provide services, or sell equipment.

question

The background section of an informal proposal should ________ .

answer

identify the problem

question

Formal proposals differ from informal proposals in ________ .

answer

size and format

question

What statement about a letter of transmittal for a formal proposal is most accurate?

answer

A letter of transmittal should briefly present the major features and benefits of the proposal.

question

A(n) ________ is a formal proposal submitted to a government or civilian organization that explains a project, outlines its budget, and requests money.

answer

grant proposal

question

What statement about a business plan is most accurate?

answer

A business plan helps manage a company and raise capital.

question

Which statement regarding a mission statement is most accurate?

answer

A mission statement should describe the reason an organization or program exists.

question

Which statement about a formal report is most accurate?

answer

Formal reports represent the end product of thorough investigation and analysis.

question

The part of a formal report that highlights the important points for people who may not have time to read the entire report is the ________ .

answer

executive summary

question

An executive summary of a formal report is usually no longer than ________ percent of the original document.

answer

question

The section of a formal report that discusses, analyzes, interprets, and evaluates the research findings or solution is the ________ .

answer

body

question

Which of the following is an example of a talking heading?

answer

Findings Reveal Revenue and Employment Benefits

question

If your report requires that you make recommendations, they should ________ .

answer

be expressed as numbered commands that are practical and evolve from the findings

question

What item would be most appropriate to include in an appendix of a report?

answer

survey form

question

What tip should you follow when writing a formal report?

answer

Delay writing the report until you have collected all the data and drawn the primary conclusions

question

Proposals are written for only external audiences.

answer

false

question

The budget section of a proposal represents a contract.

answer

True

question

Because most proposals don't contain an index, the table of contents becomes quite important.

answer

True

question

The body of a grant proposal should demonstrate that a problem exists and that the proposal can solve the problem.

answer

True

question

Leon should discuss the strengths and weaknesses of his direct and indirect competitors in the market analysis section of his business plan.

answer

True

question

Many investors consider the operations and management section of a business plan to be the most important factor in assessing business potential.

answer

True

question

Often the easiest way to begin an executive summary is with the words "The purpose of this report is to ..."

answer

True

question

The scope section of a formal report may include quotes from experts or cite newspapers, journals, books, Web resources, and other secondary sources to establish the importance of a topic.

answer

False

question

The most important section of a formal report is the body.

answer

True

question

Jason is proofreading the final copy of his report for the third time. At this point he should be checking for spelling, punctuation, grammar, and other mechanical errors.

answer

False

question

Which statement about employment in today's world is most accurate?

answer

Today's employees will need constant retraining

question

Well-informed job candidates know that the first step in the employment process is ________ .

answer

identifying interests and evaluating qualifications

question

Most jobs today are found by ________ .

answer

networking

question

What is the best advice to follow when searching for a job online?

answer

Limit personal information.

question

To build a personal network, you should do all of the following except ________ .

answer

wait until a position is posted and then arrange a meeting with someone who is familiar with the company

question

Which social media site is currently the top site for job seekers?

answer

question

Because it emphasizes a candidate's education and work record, most recruiters favor a _______

answer

chronological résumé

question

An effective résumé style for a recent graduate who has good skills and limited work experience is the ________ .

answer

functional résumé

question

Which of the following "Summary of Qualifications" statements is most effective?

answer

Provided technical assistance to over 250 students and instructors in PC Lab

question

What is the best advice to follow when creating the "Work Experience" or "Employment History" section of your résumé?

answer

Use action verbs to describe each job position and duty.

question

Landon is putting together his reference list. What advice should he follow?

answer

Ask any reference for permission before using his or her name

question

In preparing a résumé that will be scanned, you should ________ .

answer

focus on specific keywords or keyword phrases

question

Which statement is most accurate regarding e-portfolios?

answer

E-portfolios are generally accessed through websites

question

What is the best advice for preparing a cover message for a solicited job?

answer

Refer to the name of an employee in the company.

question

The body of a customized cover message should ________ .

answer

promote qualifications for the position

question

Most of today's workers will be employed with one company during their careers.

answer

False

question

The best way to find a job online is at a company's own website.

answer

True

question

Most job openings are announced or advertised.

answer

False

question

In today's competitive job market, you must build and a polish a personal brand.

answer

Truw

question

A résumé should always be one page in length.

answer

False

question

The following is a well-written career objective: To obtain an entry-level position as an information technology specialist with the opportunity for advancement.

answer

False

question

Under the "Education" section of your résumé, you should list all courses you have taken.

answer

False

question

If you have three or more awards or honors, highlight them by listing them under a separate heading in your résumé.

answer

True

question

In today's competitive job market, it is permissible to embellish your job title and duties.

answer

False

question

If an advertisement doesn't request that you include a customized cover message with your résumé, don't submit one.

answer

False

question

Which statement about employment in today's world is most accurate?

answer

Today's employees will need constant retraining

question

Well-informed job candidates know that the first step in the employment process is ________ .

answer

identifying interests and evaluating qualifications

question

o build a personal network, you should do all of the following except ________ .

answer

wait until a position is posted and then arrange a meeting with someone who is familiar with the company

question

Because it emphasizes a candidate's education and work record, most recruiters favor a ________ .

answer

chronological résumé

question

What is the best advice to follow when creating the "Work Experience" or "Employment History" section of your résumé?

answer

Use action verbs to describe each job position and duty

STUDY

Linguistics Public Speaking

Guffey 4 – Flashcard 21 terms

Malcolm Bright

21 terms

Preview

Guffey 4 – Flashcard

question

what does the sender do in communication?

answer

encodes (selects) words or symbols to express an idea in a message

question

how does a senders message travel?

answer

travels verbally over a channel (such as an email, website, tweet, letter, or smartphone call) or is expressed nonverbally with gestures or body language

question

what can interfere with the message between a sender and receiver?

answer

"noise" -- such as loud sounds, misspelled words, or other distractions

question

what does the receiver do?

answer

decodes (interprets) the message and may respond with feedback, informing the sender of the effectiveness of the message

question

what can cause miscommunication between a sender & receiver?

answer

barriers such as bypassing, differing frames of reference, lack of language skill, and ditractions

question

how should business writing be?

answer

purposeful, economical, and audience oriented

question

what is phase 1 of the 3x3 writing process and what does it involve?

answer

PREWRITING-involves analyzing the message, anticipating the audience, and considering ways to adapt the message to the audience

question

what is phase 2 of the 3x3 writing process and what does it involve?

answer

DRAFTING-involves researching the topic, organizing the material, and drafting the message

question

what is phase 3 of the 3x3 writing process?

answer

REVISING-includes editing, proofreading, and evaluating the message

question

how does a writing process help a writer?

answer

helps a writer by providing a systematic plan describing what to do in each step of the process

question

what must communicators do before drafting?

answer

decide why they are creating a message and what they hope to achieve

question

what do communicators do after identifying the purpose of a message?

answer

visualize both the primary and secondary audiences, which helps them choose the most appropriate language, tone, and content

question

what should senders usually remember about receivers?

answer

they will usually be thinking WHAT'S IN IT FOR ME? (WIIFM)

question

what 7 things does a sender use to select the channel they will send a message through?

answer

1. by considering the importance of the message 2. the amount and speed of feedback required 3. the necessity of a permanent record 4. the cost of the channel 5. the degree of formality desired 6. the confidentiality and sensitivity of the message 7. the receiver's preference and level of technical expertise

question

what does the term "audience benefits" involve?

answer

looking for ways to shape the message from the receiver's, not the sender's view

question

what do expert writing techniques include?

answer

using conversational but professional language along with positive language that tells what can be done rather than what can't be done

question

what improves readability and effectiveness?

answer

plain language, familiar terms, strong verbs, and concrete nouns

question

during phase 1 of the 3x3 writing process, what do TEAMS usually do?

answer

they usually work together in brainstorming and working out their procedures and assignments

question

during phase 2 of the 3x3 writing process, what do TEAMS usually do?

answer

individual members research and write their portions of the project report of presentation

question

during phase 3 of the 3x3 writing process, what do TEAMS usually do?

answer

work together to combine and revise their drafts

question

what type of collaboration tools may teams use?

answer

e-mail, instant messaging, texting, wikis, word procession functions, web conferencing, google docs, or other software

STUDY

Belonging And Love High Uncertainty Avoidance Linguistics Persuasive Speech Psychology

Business Communication Chapter 8 – Flashcards 29 terms

Alexander Barker

29 terms

Preview

Business Communication Chapter 8 – Flashcards

question

Persuasion can best be defined as

answer

using convincing arguments to influence others.

question

You should use persuasion when

answer

ideas require preparation and deliberate development before they can be presented effectively.

question

Martina is a sales rep for a business security firm. Because she anticipates her client will resist installing a new alarm system, an effective persuasive technique is

answer

laying a logical and concise foundation in moderation of indirect and direct benefits before she makes the request.

question

The writing plan for a persuasive request includes an opening that obtains the reader's attention, a body that builds interest and reduces resistance, and a closing that

answer

makes a specific request and motivates action

question

Select the most effective opening for a letter that invites a state representative to speak at your organization's Flag Day celebration.

answer

Your patriotism and leadership in the House of Representatives has improved the quality of life across our great state of Mississippi.

question

The body of a persuasive request should reduce resistance, which means

answer

anticipating arguments and offering counterarguments.

question

Which of the following is the best closing for a memo persuading the president of your company to adopt a tuition reimbursement program?

answer

Your e-mail supporting this procedure change by August 1 will allow me to present this proposal at the next strategic planning session.

question

Select the situation that is least likely to require persuasion.

answer

A request to have a defective printer replaced within the warranty period.

question

As the president of the local Lions Club, you need a guest speaker for the annual community services banquet. You cannot provide a fee to the speaker, but you can guarantee an enthusiastic audience and a positive impact on the community. You are focusing on

answer

indirect benefits of the persuasion.

question

Which of the following situations would most likely require persuasion within an organization?

answer

Asking employees to accept a pay benefit of stock options to avoid layoffs or plant closings.

question

When employees ask a manager to change an established procedure, the persuasive request should include a focus on the receiver's needs, moderation, and

answer

clear documentation, including facts, figures, and evidence.

question

Which of the following is most accurate about the legal use of persuasion in promoting products and writing sales letters in business?

answer

Honesty is not just the best policy--it's the only policy.

question

When you are writing a persuasive adjustment request about a problem, and you're worried that your reader might be reluctant to grant your request. You should use

answer

the indirect strategy.

question

Effective persuasive claim letters

answer

present a logical case with clear facts and a moderate tone.

question

Adjustment requests and claim letters are also called

answer

complaint letters

question

The most personal and powerful form of advertising today is

answer

traditional hard-copy sales letters.

question

Your primary goal in writing a sales message is to

answer

get your audience to devote a few moments of attention to your message

question

In the opening of a sales letter, you might offer something valuable or promise a benefit to the reader. The purpose of this opening is to

answer

gain the reader's attention.

question

Building interest in a sales message can effectively be done by

answer

emphasizing central selling points identified in the prewriting analysis and reducing resistance.

question

Which of the following represents an emotional appeal?

answer

You'll catch everyone's attention behind the wheel of a shiny, brand new Mustang convertible driving along the sandy, white beaches.

question

It is appropriate to use a rational appeal when the

answer

product is expensivefinancially successful, and long-lasting.

question

A sales message may use a dual appeal, which means that you

answer

include both emotional and rational reasoning.

question

Which of the following most effectively illustrates reader benefits?

answer

Going on a walking tour of Europe will allow you to visit small villages, meet and converse with the locals, and dine on authentic cuisine.

question

Which of the following illustrates a testimonial?

answer

After completing your training, I received job offers from three interviews in one week!"

question

Which of the following is the most effective closing for a sales letter?

answer

If your sales don't increase at least 10 percent after your salespeople complete our "Closing the Deal" training, you get a full refund. Use our toll free number to call me by August 1 and begin training on September 1.

question

Although sales letters are a preferred marketing medium, they do have drawbacks, including which of these?

answer

direct mail is expensive

question

Which of the following increases the effectiveness of an online sales message?

answer

Send online sales messages only to customers or prospects who have given you permission to send them e-mail marketing messages.

question

Main information in an e-mail sales message should be placed above the fold, which means that

answer

your primary points appear early in the message so it captures the readers attention.

question

Which of the following is not a technique that reduces resistance in a sales message?

answer

no refunds

STUDY

Business Communications Business Law Human Resources Department Linguistics Media Sender And Receiver United States

BCOM chapter 1 – Flashcards 40 terms

Lesly Nixon

40 terms

Preview

BCOM chapter 1 – Flashcards

question

Janice believes her supervisor has done something wrong. She should immediately go to the head of the company to make sure that the wrongdoing doesn't continue.

answer

false

question

Daniel has altered figures on his firm's financial statements to make revenues for the quarter look higher. He thinks that doing this will cause an increase in his firm's stock price, which will make stockholders happy. He has fallen into the ends-justify-the-means ethical trap.

answer

true

question

Laura frequently uses her work computer to check personal e-mail; however, she feels what she is doing is acceptable because her colleagues use their computers much more than she does for personal activities. Laura has fallen into the self-deception ethical trap.

answer

false

question

Some states have passed "Plain English" laws that require businesses to write policies, warranties, and contracts in language comprehensible to average readers.

answer

true

question

Most business schools today focus on teaching students how to earn short-term, immediate profits.

answer

false

question

Being ethical makes good business sense.

answer

true

question

Ethics can be defined as "the conventional standards of right and wrong that prescribe what people should do."

answer

true

question

Richard just learned that an untrue, negative rumor about him is circulating around his workplace. He should ignore it because it will eventually go away.

answer

false

question

Managers can use the grapevine productively by sharing bad news as well as good news.

answer

true

question

Downsizing, cost-cutting measures, and the tremendous influx of temporary workers in the current workplace all contribute to the reduced feelings of trust employees feel toward their employers.

answer

true

question

A company's management team has come up with a strategic plan and will share it with all employees. This is an example of downward communication.

answer

true

question

Jacqueline, a payroll clerk, came up with an idea for processing payroll more efficiently and presented it to the Human Resources Department manager. This is an example of a downward flow of communication.

answer

false

question

Many of today's companies have decreased the number of operating units and managers, thereby shortening lines of communication.

answer

true

question

Tonya, a company department manager, frequently communicates via e-mail with other department managers within the company. This is an example of an upward flow of communication.

answer

false

question

A free exchange of information helps boost efficiency and productivity within organizations.

answer

true

question

Information flows through formal communication channels in three directions: downward, upward, and spiral.

answer

false

question

One disadvantage of written communication is that it can be dangerous.

answer

true

question

One advantage of oral communication over written communication is that it minimizes misunderstandings.

answer

true

question

Today's organizations prefer interactive, fast-results communication, such as e-mail, instant messaging, text messaging, and cell phones.

answer

true

question

The three primary business communication functions are to inform, to persuade, and to entertain.

answer

false

question

Wes is sending an e-mail message to the Securities and Exchange Commission to ask about a specific Sarbanes-Oxley regulation. This is an example of external communication.

answer

true

question

External communication includes sharing ideas and messages with superiors, coworkers, and subordinates.

answer

false

question

Creating an environment for useful feedback is an effective way to overcome communication obstacles.

answer

true

question

Samantha's poor listening skills cause her to miss much of what her colleagues say during meetings. The barrier to communication she is experiencing is a lack of language skill.

answer

true

question

You and your boss come from very different educational and professional backgrounds. You are most likely to experience communication barriers due to differing frames of reference.

answer

true

question

The best feedback to a message is descriptive rather than evaluative.

answer

true

question

The sender of a message has primary responsibility for the success or failure of the communication transaction.

answer

true

question

The process of communication begins when the receiver puts a message into writing.

answer

false

question

Decoding is the process of converting an idea into words or gestures that will convey meaning.

answer

false

question

As long as the message is properly transmitted from the sender to the receiver, successful communication has taken place.

answer

false

question

Diverse workforces are not able to respond as effectively as homogeneous workforces to changes in local markets.

answer

false

question

The number of people in the workforce who telecommute is decreasing.

answer

false

question

Communication technologies such as e-mail, instant messaging, text messaging, cell phones, blogs, wikis, and wireless networking allow employees to collaborate and complete their work from anywhere in the world.

answer

true

question

Flattened management hierarchies allow companies to react more quickly to market changes.

answer

true

question

Small, medium, and large companies increasingly find themselves competing in global rather than local markets.

answer

true

question

Knowledge and information workers are paid for their ability to learn and to think creatively and critically.

answer

true

question

The key ingredients in today's economy are information and knowledge.

answer

true

question

You are born with the abilities to read, listen, speak, and write effectively.

answer

false

question

Because of new communication technologies, writing skills are especially important today.

answer

true

question

In making hiring decisions, employers often rank communication skills among the most-requested competencies.

answer

true

STUDY

Argumentative Essay Definitions Description English 1 Ethos Pathos Logos Figurative Language Linguistics Research Paper Stress

Elements Of An Argumentative Test Answers – Flashcards 8 terms

Ben Stevenson

8 terms

Preview

Elements Of An Argumentative Test Answers – Flashcards

question

Inviting introduction

answer

a compelling and interesting first section of your paper that tells about the issue and has an attention getting hook

question

Background information

answer

the section of your paper that provides any information your reader needs to know to understand your claim such as the history, key terms and explanation of the topic

question

Thesis

answer

a short statement that summarizes the main claim or point of an essay, article or research paper and is supported by reasons and evidence

question

Claim

answer

an argument based on facts and reasoning

question

Evidence

answer

personal experiences, definitions, facts, research, data, quotes from an authority in the field, or statistical graphs which tend to support or prove something

question

Reason

answer

a logical statement presented in justification or explanation of something

question

Refutation

answer

an opposing argument that seeks to prove your opinion or claim is false

question

Purposeful Conclusion

answer

the final section of your paper that clearly summarizes the points made and is supported by evidence

STUDY

Linguistics Major League Baseball Public Speaking Words And Phrases

Public Speaking Study Guide: Basic Objectives of a Speech The Three Kinds of Supporting Materials Speaking Outline – Flashcards 250 terms

Ben Powell

250 terms

Preview

Public Speaking Study Guide: Basic Objectives of a Speech The Three Kinds of Supporting Materials Speaking Outline – Flashcards

question

1. The __________ is the key to finding information in the library.

answer

b. catalogue

question

2. The library's catalogue allows you to search for books by

answer

author. title. keyword. d. all of the above.

question

3. The library catalogue

answer

lists all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by the library. allows a researcher to look for books by author, title, or subject. e. a and c only.

question

4. Encyclopedias, yearbooks, biographical aids, and quotation books are all examples of

answer

b. reference works

question

5. Who's Who Among Asian Americans is an example of a(n)

answer

d. biographical aid

question

6. As part of the research for his informative speech, Malik needs brief life and career facts about United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon. The best kind of library reference source for him to consult would be a(n)

answer

d. biographical aid.

question

7. If you needed a quotation to use in your speech conclusion, which of the following would be the best reference source to consult?

answer

e. Bartlett's Familiar Quotations

question

8. Newspaper and periodical databases

answer

catalog articles from a large number of newspapers, journals, and magazines. often provide abstracts and full texts of articles. e. a and c only.

question

9. A(n) __________ is a research aid that catalogues articles from a large number of scholarly journals.

answer

d. academic database

question

10. Academic databases are the best place to look for

answer

b. articles in scholarly journals.

question

11. As part of the research for her informative speech on the Chinese workplace, Dana needs to find recent articles published in scholarly journals. The best resource for her is a(n)

answer

a. academic database such as JSTOR or Google Scholar.

question

12. Colin wants to find scholarly research on eating disorders. The best place for him to look is in

answer

c. academic databases.

question

13. A(n) __________ is a summary of a magazine or research article, written by someone other than the original author.

answer

b. abstract

question

14. According to your textbook, when is it appropriate to cite an abstract of a magazine or journal article in your speech rather than locating and reading the full article?

answer

a. never

question

15. According to your textbook, you can make a Google search more precise by

answer

developing a search strategy. . putting phrases in quotation marks. . joining search terms with plus signs. d. all of the above.

question

16. Which of the following does your textbook recommend for narrowing a Google search to make it more effective?

answer

Develop a strategy to search for specific terms you want to find. . Put phrases in quotation marks and connect them with plus signs. Explore specialized Google resources such as news, books, and scholar. d. all of the above

question

17. Using __________ is the best way to pull listeners into your speeches.

answer

c. extended examples

question

18. The more __________ your examples, the greater impact they are likely to have.

answer

e. vivid

question

19. Accomplished speakers consider __________ "the very life of the speech."

answer

d. examples

question

20. Which of the following is recommended by your textbook as a way to enhance the effectiveness of your examples?

answer

. Practice delivery to enhance your extended examples. Make your examples vivid and richly textured e. a and c only

question

21. Examples are especially helpful as supporting materials because they

answer

a. personalize your ideas.

question

22. As your textbook explains, examples help a speaker

answer

reinforce ideas. . personalize ideas. . clarify ideas. d. all of the above

question

23. As your textbook explains, you should use examples in your speeches in order to

answer

e. b and c only.

question

24. Your textbook presents each of the following as a tip for using examples in a speech except

answer

d. combine examples with causal reasoning.

question

25. Research indicates that the impact of examples is greatly enhanced when they are combined with __________ that show(s) the examples to be typical.

answer

e. statistics

question

26. Alisha began the introduction of her speech by saying: Have you ever been knocked down so hard by life that you didn't feel you'd ever get back up? This has happened to me many times, the first being when I tried to ride a bicycle when I was very young. Today I want to discuss with you some basic strategies for coping with life's challenges. What kind of supporting material did Alisha use in her introduction?

answer

b. brief example

question

27. According to your textbook, what kind of supporting materials are used in the following speech excerpt: Not all Hollywood marriages are doomed to quick failure. Tom Hanks and Rita Wilson have been together for 23 years, as have Kevin Bacon and Kyra Sedgwick. Denzel and Pauletta Washington have been married for 28 years, Billy and Janice Crystal for 41 years, and Bill and Camille Cosby for 47 years

answer

a. brief examples

question

28. According to your textbook, a(n) __________ is an imaginary story that makes a general point

answer

d. hypothetical example

question

29. According to your textbook, an imaginary story that makes a general point is called a(n)

answer

d. hypothetical example.

question

30. According to your textbook, what kind of supporting material is used in the following speech excerpt: Imagine yourself driving down the freeway on your way to work. You see lights flashing in your rear-view mirror. You turn to see the police officer pulling you over. Were you speeding? No, says the officer, but he needs to search your vehicle as part of a new program to stop drug trafficking. Does he have a warrant? He says he doesn't need one. You protest, but the officer carries out his search anyway. The officer finds nothing, but by the time he is done, you are very late for work.

answer

b. hypothetical example

question

31. Jeff began his speech by saying: Imagine that you are on a deserted island—palm trees sway in the breeze, the warm sun is on your face, and the smell of tropical flowers is in the air. Suddenly, the sound of distant drums breaks your euphoria. What do you do—panic? What would you do if you found yourself in such a situation? What kind of supporting material did Jeff use in his introduction?

answer

e. hypothetical example

question

32. According to your textbook, what kind of supporting materials is used in the following speech excerpt: Imagine this: You have spent most of the night studying for an exam. But when you get up the next morning ready to take the test, you go to your front door and it won't open. So you head to the back door, and it won't open either. You are stuck in the house. It would be pretty frustrating, wouldn't it? This is exactly the kind of frustration wheelchair-bound students feel when they can't get to class because of the snow.

answer

e. hypothetical example

question

33. According to your textbook, how well a speech is organized likely will influence

answer

. how clearly the audience understands the speech. how the audience views the competence of the speaker. how confident the speaker feels about his or her delivery. d. all of the above.

question

34. The __________ is the longest and most important part of the speech

answer

a. body

question

35. According to your textbook, what is the most important reason for limiting the number of main points in a speech?

answer

e. It is hard for the audience to keep track of too many main points.

question

36. The most effective order of main points in a speech depends above all on your topic, purpose, and

answer

a. audience.

question

37. When the main points of a speech follow a time pattern, they are organized in

answer

e. chronological order.

question

38. When main ideas follow a directional pattern, they are organized in

answer

c. spatial order.

question

39. Which of the following organizational patterns is used more than any other method of speech organization because of its applicability to almost any subject?

answer

d. topical

question

40. Problem-solution order is most appropriate for organizing __________ speeches.

answer

b. persuasive

question

41. Here are the main points for an informative speech about the process of drying and storing garden herbs. I. The first step is to rinse the herbs. II. The second step is to dry the herbs. III. The third step is to strip the dried leaves. IV. The fourth step is to store the herbs properly. These main points are arranged in __________ order.

answer

b. chronological

question

42. Here are the main points for an informative speech about the history of chocolate: I. Chocolate was originally used in Mexico as a drink by the Aztecs. II. Chocolate was introduced to Europe after the Spanish conquered the Aztecs. III. Chocolate was first made into candy during the 1800s. IV. Chocolate's popularity and uses continue to expand today. These main points are arranged in __________ order.

answer

d. chronological

question

43. Here are the main points for a speech about the history of golf. I. The game we know as golf originated in Scotland during the 15th century. II. Most of golf's rules and traditions developed during the 19th century. III. Professional golf tours for men and women emerged during the 20th century. IV. Today golf continues to evolve in response to changes in equipment. According to your textbook, these main points are arranged in __________ order.

answer

a. chronological

question

44. Here are the main points for an informative speech about the civil rights movement. I. The 1954, the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education helped spark the modern civil rights movement. II. In 1963, nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama, dramatically increased support for the civil rights movement. III. In 1965, the Voting Rights Act was passed, marking the major legislative achievement of the civil rights movement. These main points are arranged in __________ order.

answer

d. chronological

question

45. Jackson had been a rodeo fan since childhood. In his informative speech, he gave a presentation with the following main points. Jackson's points were arranged in __________ order. I. Rodeos began in the Old West as contests of skill among cowboys during cattle roundups. II. By 1920, rodeos had become a popular spectator sport for the general public. III. Today, rodeos combine traditional western events with a circuslike atmosphere and the marketing techniques of big business.

answer

c. chronological

question

46. Sheila had been making pottery for several years. In her informative speech, she gave a presentation with the following main points. I. The first step in making pottery is preparing the clay. II. The second step in making pottery is shaping the clay. III. The third step in making pottery is decorating and glazing the clay. IV. The fourth step in making pottery is firing the finished product. Sheila's points were arranged in __________ order.

answer

c. chronological

question

47. Which organizational pattern would be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience about the major steps in setting up a home aquarium"?

answer

a. chronological

question

48. Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience of the steps involved in starting an online business"?

answer

e. chronological

question

49. According to your textbook, when you are in a formal speaking situation the most effective way of gaining the initial attention of your audience after you walk to the lectern is

answer

d. looking directly at the audience without saying a word.

question

50. Which of the following is a basic objective of a speech introduction?

answer

Preview the main points. Gain the attention of the audience e. b and c only

question

51. Which of the following is a major objective of a speech introduction?

answer

a. Reveal the topic.

question

52. All of the following are basic objectives of a speech introduction except

answer

b. Support your main points.

question

53. Which of the following would you expect to find in a well-constructed speech introduction?

answer

a statement establishing the speaker's credibility a statement gaining the audience's attention . a statement previewing the main points of the speech d. all of the above

question

54. Which of the following would you be most likely to find in a well-constructed speech introduction?

answer

b. a preview statement

question

55. Which of the following would you most likely find in a well-constructed speech introduction

answer

d. a startling statement

question

56. Which of the following would you most likely find in a speech introduction?

answer

a. a credibility statement

question

57. Which of the following would you least likely find in a speech introduction?

answer

e. an internal summary

question

58. Even when you use other interest-arousing lures in a speech introduction, you should always

answer

c. relate the topic to the audience

question

59. When preparing a speech introduction, you should usually

answer

preview the main points to be discussed in the body. gain the attention and interest of your audience. . establish your credibility on the speech topic. d. all of the above.

question

60. When preparing a speech introduction, you should usually

answer

e. a and c only.

question

61. __________ is the audience's perception of whether the speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.

answer

e. Credibility

question

62. According to your textbook, __________ is the audience's perception of whether a speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind.

answer

a. goodwill

question

63. When you advocate a highly unpopular position, it is particularly important to __________ in the introduction of your speech.

answer

e. establish goodwill toward the audience

question

64. According to your textbook, a speaker who attempts to establish goodwill in the introduction of a speech is aiming to convince the audience that she or he

answer

b. has the best interests of the audience in mind

question

65. Outlining is an important part of public speaking because

answer

b. an outline helps ensure that ideas flow clearly from one to another.

question

66. Outlining is important to public speaking because an outline helps a speaker

answer

judge whether each part of the speech is fully developed. . ensure that ideas flow clearly from one to another. . solidify the structure of a speech. d. all of the above.

question

67. According to your textbook, outlining is important to public speaking because an outline helps you judge whether

answer

e. a and c only.

question

68. Two types of speech outlines discussed in your textbook are the

answer

c. preparation outline and the speaking outline.

question

69. Both a preparation outline and a speaking outline should

answer

c. use a consistent pattern of symbolization and indentation.

question

70. Which of the following should be included in a preparation outline?

answer

. the bibliography a specific purpose statement transitions, internal previews, and internal summaries the central idea e. all of the above

question

71. According to your textbook, Raul should include which of the following in his preparation outline?

answer

transitions the central idea a bibliography d. all of the above

question

72. According to your textbook, which of the following should be included in a preparation outline?

answer

e. a and b only

question

73. According to your textbook, which of the following should be included in a preparation outline?

answer

e. b and c only

question

74. All of the following are necessary in a preparation outline except

answer

b. directions for delivering the speech.

question

75. According to your textbook, as Bekah prepares her preparation outline for her speech on spiders, she should remember to include all of the following except

answer

d. directions for delivering the speech.

question

76. Which of the following is mentioned in your textbook as a guideline for a preparation outline?

answer

a. Label the introduction, body, and conclusion.

question

77. According to your textbook, when making a preparation outline, you should

answer

e. a and c only

question

78. Ryo is working on the preparation outline for his informative speech. According to your textbook, her outline should

answer

e. b and c only.

question

79. According to your textbook, the specific purpose statement in a preparation outline should be written

answer

e. before the text of the outline itself.

question

80. According to your textbook, transitions, internal summaries, and other connectives should be

answer

e. a and b only.

question

81. In a preparation outline, main points should be

answer

a. positioned farthest to the left.

question

82. According to your textbook, language is important because it

answer

b. gives meaning to events.

question

83. Language helps to shape our sense of reality by

answer

b. giving meaning to events.

question

84. The denotative meaning of a word is

answer

e. its literal or dictionary meaning.

question

85. The connotative meaning of a word is

answer

d. what the word suggests or implies.

question

86. Zhu wants to create concern among her listeners about the infringements on civil liberties she fears are resulting from the war on terrorism. She has decided to use words with strong connotative meanings because she knows they will help her

answer

b. arouse an emotional response.

question

87. As your textbook explains, connotative meaning gives words their __________ power.

answer

c. emotional

question

88. As your textbook explains, __________ meaning gives words their emotional power.

answer

c. connotative

question

89. As a speaker, you would probably use more connotative words if you wanted to

answer

a. arouse an emotional response.

question

90. Jerome wants his audience to appreciate the harsh reality of life for migrant workers in the United States. In addition to using strong supporting materials, he decides to use words with connotative meanings because he knows they will help him

answer

c. arouse an emotional response.

question

91. Each of the following is discussed in your textbook as a basic criterion for the effective use of language in public speaking except

answer

d. Use language technically.

question

92. Which of the following is discussed in your textbook as a basic criterion for the effective use of language in public speaking?

answer

Use language clearly. Use language accurately. Use language vividly. d. all of the above

question

93. Which of the following is discussed in your textbook as a basic criterion for the effective use of language in public speaking

answer

e. a and c only

question

94. Which of the following is discussed in your textbook as a basic criterion for the effective use of language in public speaking?

answer

e. b and c only

question

95. Which of the following is discussed in your textbook as a way to use language clearly?

answer

Use familiar words. . Choose concrete words. Eliminate clutter. d. all of the above

question

96. Which of the following words is the most general and abstract?

answer

a. writing

question

97. According to your textbook, __________ words refer to ideas or concepts rather than to tangible objects.

answer

d. abstract

question

98. Which of the following words is the most general and abstract?

answer

e. food

question

99. Which of the following words is the most concrete and specific?

answer

c. J. K. Rowling

question

100. Which of the following words is the most concrete and specific?

answer

a. Beethoven's Ninth Symphony

question

Using your own knowledge and experience in a speech can help bring the speech to life.

answer

True

question

Most library catalogues allow a researcher to look for books by author, title, subject, or keyword.

answer

True

question

Reference works include such items as encyclopedias, yearbooks, quotation books, and biographical aids.

answer

True

question

The best known collection of quotations is Bartlett's Familiar Quotations.

answer

True

question

Yearbooks are reference works whose primary purpose is to help you find information about people.

answer

False

question

Newspaper and periodical databases help you locate magazine, journal, and newspaper articles

answer

True

question

As your textbook explains, academic databases are particularly useful for finding articles in scholarly journals.

answer

True

question

InfoTrac Onefile is an example of an academic database.

answer

False

question

According to your textbook, in the absence of a full magazine or journal article, you should cite the abstract of the article instead

answer

False

question

As your textbook explains, when you locate an abstract of a magazine article, you should feel free to cite the article in your speech on the basis of the abstract alone.

answer

False

question

Newspaper and periodical databases are good places to find articles in scholarly journals.

answer

False

question

Experts advise that you use Internet research to supplement, not to replace, library research.

answer

True

question

You can find a great deal of information on the Internet, but you cannot always find the same depth of research materials as in a good library.

answer

True

question

You can find a great deal of information on the Internet, but you cannot always find the same depth of research materials as in a good library.

answer

False

question

A virtual library is a search engine that combines Internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloguing and assessing data.

answer

True

question

One advantage of using virtual libraries for speech research is that they contain only material that has been screened for quality and reliability.

answer

True

question

The selection and use of supporting materials for a speech involves critical thinking skills.

answer

True

question

The two basic types of supporting materials discussed in your textbook are facts and opinions.

answer

False

question

The three basic types of supporting materials discussed in your textbook are examples, statistics, and testimony.

answer

True

question

Research has shown that examples have little effect on listeners' beliefs and actions.

answer

False

question

Although examples work very well to clarify ideas in an informative speech, they are less effective in a persuasive speech.

answer

False

question

Examples are particularly effective as supporting materials because they help get the audience involved in a speech.

answer

True

question

Brief examples can be used either one at a time to illustrate a point or piled one upon another to create an impression.

answer

True

question

Because they tell a story vividly and dramatically, extended examples are a good way to pull listeners into a speech.

answer

True

question

A hypothetical example describes an imaginary or fictitious situation.

answer

True

question

Hypothetical examples can be especially powerful as supporting materials when they create scenarios that involve the audience.

answer

True

question

Whenever you use a hypothetical example in a speech, it is usually a good idea to follow it with statistics or testimony to show that the example is realistic.

answer

True

question

Because of their high credibility, you should use only factual examples in your speeches.

answer

False

question

As a speaker, you should usually avoid examples when explaining complex or unfamiliar ideas.

answer

False

question

One of the main reasons to use examples in a speech is that they put abstract ideas into concrete terms that listeners can easily understand.

answer

True

question

Examples are an excellent way to personalize a speech because they put abstract facts and figures into vivid, human terms.

answer

True

question

As your textbook makes clear, a vivid, richly textured extended example is usually effective regardless of how well it is delivered

answer

False

question

Clear organization is usually less important in speaking than in writing

answer

False

question

Audiences find well-organized speakers to be more credible than poorly organized speakers.

answer

True

question

How well a speech is organized affects how listeners view the speaker's competence and trustworthiness.

answer

True

question

Research suggests that using a clear, specific method of speech organization can enhance your ability to deliver a speech fluently.

answer

True

question

The introduction of a speech usually should be prepared before the body.

answer

False

question

According to your textbook, it is usually best to prepare the body of the speech before the introduction.

answer

True

question

Once you know the main points of your speech, you should then formulate your specific purpose

answer

False

question

Most speeches should contain from two to five main points.

answer

True

question

According to your textbook, most speeches should contain from five to eight main points.

answer

False

question

If a speech is 45 minutes long, an audience can be expected to keep track of as many as a dozen main points.

answer

False

question

Strategic organization means putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience.

answer

True

question

The most effective order for the main points of a speech depends upon the topic, the specific purpose, and the audience.

answer

True

question

Speeches arranged in chronological order follow a time pattern

answer

True

question

Speeches arranged in chronological order follow a time pattern

answer

True

question

Speeches arranged in spatial order follow a time sequence.

answer

False

question

Spatial organization is used primarily for informative speeches.

answer

True

question

Regardless of what other methods you use to gain attention, you should always relate the topic to your audience in the introduction of a speech.

answer

True

question

It is seldom a good idea to discuss the importance of your topic in the introduction of a speech.

answer

False

question

The first thing you should do in the introduction of a speech is to reveal the topic

answer

False

question

A startling introduction is effective only if it is firmly related to the speech topic.

answer

True

question

A rhetorical question is a question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud.

answer

True

question

When you use a rhetorical question to gain attention in a speech introduction, you should state the question, pause a moment, and then give the answer.

answer

False

question

Opening your speech with a lengthy quotation is an excellent way to gain the attention of your audience.

answer

False

question

A story is an effective way to get the interest and attention of the audience, regardless of how well the story is delivered.

answer

False

question

Using visual aids is an acceptable method of gaining attention in the introduction of a speech.

answer

True

question

The best way to gain the audience's attention and interest in a speech introduction usually depends on the topic, the audience, and the occasion.

answer

True

question

If your topic is clear in the body of the speech, there is no need to state it in the introduction.

answer

False

question

It is usually a good idea to restate your topic at some point in the introduction, even if the listeners already know it.

answer

True

question

Credibility is the audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.

answer

True

question

Establishing credibility is an important function of a speech introduction

answer

True

question

One way to establish your credibility in a speech introduction is to let the audience know the source of your expertise.

answer

True

question

Goodwill is the audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.

answer

False

question

The visual framework of a preparation outline shows the relationships among the speaker's ideas.

answer

True

question

The preparation outline should be drawn up before a speaker begins research for a speech.

answer

False

question

You should include your specific purpose statement with your preparation outline.

answer

True

question

Including the specific purpose with your preparation outline makes it easier to assess how well you have constructed the speech to accomplish your purpose.

answer

True

question

In a preparation outline, the specific purpose is usually stated before the introduction.

answer

True

question

In a preparation outline, the specific purpose is usually stated as part of the introduction.

answer

False

question

In a preparation outline, the specific purpose and central idea are identified by Roman numerals.

answer

False

question

According to your textbook, the introduction, body, and conclusion should all be labeled in a speech preparation outline.

answer

True

question

When making a preparation outline, you should state your main points and subpoints in full sentences to ensure that you develop your ideas fully.

answer

True

question

When making an outline, you should place the main points farthest to the left and less important ideas progressively farther to the right.

answer

True

question

In the most common system of outlining, main points are identified by Roman numerals and subpoints by capital letters

answer

True

question

In the most common system of outlining, main points are identified by capital letters.

answer

False

question

Stating main points in a word or two is usually sufficient for a preparation outline.

answer

False

question

A preparation outline should include transitions and internal summaries.

answer

True

question

According to your textbook, transitions and other connectives should be identified with Roman numerals on a speech preparation outline.

answer

False

question

the other parts of the speech preparation outline.

answer

False

question

A preparation outline should include your bibliography

answer

True

question

The words we use to label an event determine to a great extent how we respond to that event.

answer

True

question

If the meaning of a word is clear to you, you can assume that it is also clear to your audience

answer

False

question

The denotative meaning of a word includes all the feelings, associations, and emotions that the word touches off in different people.

answer

False

question

The connotative meaning of a word is more variable, figurative, and subjective than its denotative meaning.

answer

True

question

The connotative meaning of a word includes all the feelings, associations, and emotions that the word touches off in different people

answer

True

question

Connotative meaning is precise, literal, and objective.

answer

False

question

One way to think of a word's denotative meaning is as its dictionary definition.

answer

True

question

Denotative meaning gives words their emotional power.

answer

False

question

The more abstract a word, the more ambiguous it will be.

answer

True

question

A public speaker needs to use big words to impress the audience.

answer

False

question

It is often possible to use words accurately without using them clearly

answer

False

question

You can usually assume that if the words you use are clear to you, they are also clear to your audience.

answer

False

question

A speaker should avoid using familiar words because they make a speech sound trite.

answer

False

question

As your textbook explains, if you want to sound eloquent, you should use words that are unfamiliar to the audience.

answer

False

question

In dealing with technical topics, a speaker has little choice but to use technical language.

answer

False

question

Abstract words are usually clearer to listeners than are concrete words.

answer

False

question

A speech dominated by abstract words will almost always be clearer than one dominated by concrete words.

answer

False

question

Abstract words are easier to misinterpret than are concrete words.

answer

True

question

Concrete words add to the imagery of language use by creating sensory impressions.

answer

True

question

1. A(n) _______________ is a summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author

answer

abstract

question

2. A _______________ is a search engine that combines Internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloguing and assessing data.

answer

virtual library

question

3. The _______________ is the group that, in the absence of a clearly identified author, is responsible for the content of a document on the Internet.

answer

sponsoring organization

question

4. When doing research, you should prepare a _______________ that includes all the books or articles you find that look as if they might be useful in your speech

answer

preliminary bibliography

question

5. When doing research, you should prepare a _______________ that includes all the books or articles you find that look as if they might be useful in your speech

answer

preliminary bibliography

question

6. According to your textbook, the three basic kinds of supporting materials are _______________ , _______________ , and _______________ .

answer

examples statistics testimony

question

7. According to your textbook, an imaginary story that makes a general point is called a(n) _______________ example.

answer

hypothetical

question

8. The _______________ , popularly called the average, is determined by adding up all the items in a group and dividing by the number of items.

answer

mean

question

9. The _______________ is the middle figure in a group once the numbers are put in order from highest to lowest.

answer

median

question

10. The number that occurs the most in a group of numbers is the ______________ .

answer

Mode

question

11. If you quoted Charles McCreery, director of the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, on the new systems in place for early detection of possible tsunamis, you would be using _______________ testimony.

answer

expert

question

12. If you quoted the head of the United States Centers for Disease Control on chronic fatigue syndrome, you would be using _______________ testimony.

answer

expert

question

13. If you quoted Nobel Prize-winning novelist Toni Morrison on recent developments in popular literature, you would be using _______________ testimony.

answer

expert

question

14. If you quoted your brother who plays football in high school about steroid use among high school athletes, you would be using _______________ testimony.

answer

peer

question

15. If you quoted your roommate in a speech about the stress of being a college student, you would be using _______________ testimony.

answer

peer

question

16. If you quoted your younger cousin in a speech about her experience playing youth soccer, you would be using _______________ testimony.

answer

peer

question

17. When you give the gist of someone else's statement in your own words, rather than quoting that person verbatim, you are _______________ .

answer

Paraphrasing

question

18. A speech narrating a series of historical events will usually be arranged in _______________ order.

answer

chronological

question

19. Speeches arranged in _______________ order follow a directional pattern from top to bottom, east to west, or some other route.

answer

spatial

question

20. Because it is adaptable to such a wide variety of topics and purposes, _______________ order is used more than any other pattern of speech organization.

answer

topical

question

21. The following main points are arranged in _______________ order. I. The rise of the American film industry started with the age of silent movies from 1910 to 1930. II. The American film industry was at its peak during the Golden Age of Hollywood from 1930 to 1950. III. Since 1950 the American film industry has withstood the rise of television and the development of home video systems.

answer

chronological

question

22. The following main points are arranged in _______________ order. I. The innermost layer of the sun's surface, the photosphere, is 500 kilometers thick. II. The middle layer of the sun's surface, the chromosphere, is 2,000 kilometers thick. III. The outermost layer of the sun's surface, the corona, is millions of kilometers thick.

answer

spatial

question

23. The following main points are arranged in _______________ order. I. The major causes of airborne pollution are industrial and automobile contaminants. II. The effects of airborne pollution are felt in cities and villages around the world.

answer

causal

question

24. The following main points are arranged in _______________ order. I. Gambling addiction is an increasingly serious problem throughout the United States. II. The problem of gambling addiction can best be solved by a combination of education and rehabilitation.

answer

problem-solution

question

25. The following main points are arranged in _______________ order. I. The cause of rabies in humans is the bite or scratch of an infected animal. II. The symptoms of rabies include drooling, changes in temperament, sudden changes in voice, and abnormal positioning of the limbs. III. The treatment for possible exposure to rabies is a prompt series of injections.

answer

topical

question

26. _______________ are words or phrases that join one thought to another and indicate the relationship between them.

answer

Connectives

question

27. Technically, _______________ state both the idea the speaker is leaving and the one she or he is coming to.

answer

transitions

question

28. A(n) _______________ works just like the preview statement in the introduction, except that it comes in the body of the speech.

answer

internal preview

question

29. "The final point I'd like to present . . . " is an example of a(n) _______________ .

answer

Signpost

question

30. When you use a _______________ question in the introduction of a speech, you expect the audience to answer mentally rather than out loud.

answer

rhetorical

question

31. According to your textbook, no matter what other methods of gaining attention you use in a speech introduction, you should always _______________ .

answer

relate the topic to the audience

question

32. Establishing _______________ in a speech introduction is a matter of getting your audience to perceive you as qualified to speak on the topic.

answer

credibility

question

33. The _______________ provides a lead-in from the introduction to the body of the speech.

answer

preview statement

question

34. A statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body is called a _______________ statement.

answer

preview

question

35. The two major functions of a speech conclusion are to _______________ and to _______________ .

answer

signal the end of the speech reinforce the central idea

question

36. One way to let an audience know that you are coming to the end of a speech is by saying something like "In conclusion." Another way is by your manner of ______________ .

answer

delivery

question

37. When you use a(n) _______________ ending, the speech builds in force until it reaches a zenith of power and intensity in the conclusion.

answer

Crescendo

question

38. A detailed outline for the planning stage of a speech is called a _______________ outline.

answer

preparation

question

39. When making a _______________ outline, you should state your main points and subpoints in full sentences to ensure that you develop your ideas fully.

answer

preparation

question

40. A bibliography is often included as part of the _______________ outline.

answer

preparation

question

41. A _______________ outline should include cues for delivering the speech.

answer

speaking

question

41. A _______________ outline should include cues for delivering the speech.

answer

speaking

question

43. In a speech outline, main points are identified by _______________ , while subpoints are identified by _______________ .

answer

Roman numerals; capital letters

question

44. The _______________ meaning of a word is its literal or dictionary meaning.

answer

denotative

question

45. The _______________ meaning of a word includes all of the associations and feelings the word touches off in different people, while the _______________ meaning of a word is best thought of as its dictionary definition.

answer

connotative; denotative

question

46. As your textbook explains, language should be appropriate to the topic, the audience, the occasion, and the _______________ .

answer

speaker

question

47. Using _______________ words is the key to creating effective verbal imagery.

answer

concrete

question

48. A(n) _______________ is a figurative comparison that always contains the word "like" or "as."

answer

simile

question

49. The similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words is a language device called _______________ .

answer

parallelism

question

50. When you repeat the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words, you are using the language device known as _______________ .

answer

alliteration

STUDY

Business Management Linguistics

Chapter 6 Improving Readability with Style and Design – Flashcards 44 terms

Julie Noel

44 terms

Preview

Chapter 6 Improving Readability with Style and Design – Flashcards

question

Clear goal of messages in the workplace

answer

update your team members, promote a service to a client, give an assignment, etc

question

Goal of completeness means

answer

your message provides all the information necessary to meet that purpose

question

3 strategies to achieve completeness:

answer

1) providing all relevant information 2) being accurate 3) being specific

question

Accuracy is a basic objective of all business communications because

answer

your colleagues, customers, and clients base important decisions on your communications

question

Accurate information is

answer

true, correct, and exact

question

You should aim for accuracy in:

answer

facts, figures, statistics, and word choice

question

Inaccuracies may result from

answer

miscalculations, misinformation, poor word choice, or simply typos

question

Specific statements lead readers to believe you are/have/are:

answer

competent (know what you're talking about) character (that you are not hiding anything) caring (you want your readers to be informed)

question

Your message is easier to read when it is

answer

concise

question

Conciseness

answer

implies omitting needless words so that readers can rapidly process your main ideas. Not implying removing relevant information

question

Use short paragraphs because

answer

readers form impressions about ease of reading by looking at paragraph length

question

Aim for average sentence length of

answer

15 words or fewer For more analytical and complex business messages, you may have an average sentence length of 20 or fewer words.

question

Avoid redundancies

answer

words or phrases that repeat the same meaning Ex: past history

question

Avoid empty phrases

answer

Phrases that simply fill space without adding additional meaning. Common in conversations, but not needed for written messages.

question

Ease of processing means

answer

your readers need less mental effort to understand your message the closer you match your writing style to the way your readers think and talk, the easier it is for them to process the information you present

question

Use ____ ____ when possible to project a positive, can-do, action-oriented tone.

answer

action verbs

question

Two types of revisions to achieve more effective action verbs

answer

1) find nouns that you can convert to action verbs. Ex: have a meeting becomes meet or have a discussion becomes discuss. 2) find forms of the verb to be (e.g., be verbs such as is, are, am) and convert them to action verbs. Ex: Sunrise is a great place to open a franchise with becomes Sunrise provides great opportunities for franchises

question

Active voice, the doer-action-object allows for

answer

faster processing because most people's natural thinking occurs in this way. Emphasizes the business orientation of action, and specifies the doer.

question

Active voice is the

answer

preferred writing style for most business writing

question

Passive voice is sometimes better when

answer

attempting to avoid blaming others or sounding bossy (emphasize neutrality)

question

Examples of Active and Passive voice:

answer

Active: Doer as subject + Verb + Object Passive: Object as subject + Be Verb + Verb + Doer (optional) Active: Sunrise provides free training for up to three people for each new store. Passive: Free training is provided for up to three people for each new store.

question

Parallel language

answer

you apply a consistent grammatical pattern across a sentence or paragraph

question

Parallelism is most important when

answer

you use series or lists

question

Buzzwords

answer

workplace terms that become trite because of overuse, can stir negative feelings among some readers

question

Figures of Speech

answer

such as idioms and metaphors, which contain nonliteral meanings, are generally out of place or inappropriate in business writing. Since they are nonliteral, they lack the precise meanings needed in business.

question

Avoid It is/There are

answer

Readers naturally want to know precisely who or what they subject of a sentence is, specificity is important. Most sentences that begin with It is or There are fail to provide a specific subject and generally contain more words than necessary

question

____ help readers identify key ideas and navigate the document to areas of interest.

answer

Headings

question

Highlight

answer

Key words and phrases

question

Use white space

answer

generously Documents with too much text and not enough white look daunting or cluttered

question

Keep it

answer

Simple Get your message across in an easy-to-read manner.

question

Expert business writers

answer

devote more time to planning and reviewing and proportionately less time to drafting. Carefully think about how the message will influence and affect others.

question

Conduct a FAIR test

answer

a way of ensuring ethnical business communication. Facts Access Impacts Respect

question

Facts

answer

Are you confident in your facts? Are you assumptions clear? Have you avoided slanting the facts or made other logical errors?

question

Access

answer

Have you granted enough access to message recipients about decision making and information? Have you granted enough access to the message recipients to provide input? Are you open about your motives, or do you have a hidden agenda?

question

Impacts

answer

Have you thought about how the message will impact various stake-holders? Have you evaluated impacts on others from ethical, corporate, and legal perspectives?

question

Respect

answer

Have you demonstrated respect for the inherent worth of others: their aspirations, thoughts, feelings, and well-being? Have you show that you value others?

question

Proofread

answer

Reread your entire document to make sure it is influential and accurate. Consider rereading each sentence several times, each time with a different focus.

question

Get Feedback

answer

best way to ensure your communication is effective and fair is to get feedback from others your trusted colleagues are giving your message a trial run - trying to simulate how the intended message recipient will respond

question

Questions to ask for feedback

answer

Framed the idea correctly? Does the business logic hold up? Does the message have the intended effects? Is the tone appropriate? etc.

question

Which of the following can often be changed into action verbs in an effort to make your writing more dynamic?

answer

nouns and forms of the verb to be

question

In business communication, how many ideas or topics does a paragraph usually address?

answer

one

question

How many words should be in the typical paragraph of a business communication?

answer

40 to 80 words

question

For routine messages paragraphs should be as short as

answer

20 to 30 words

question

As the level of information and analysis grows deeper,

answer

some paragraphs will be longer

STUDY

Communications Human Communication Linguistics Strengths And Weaknesses Uses And Gratification

Human communication units 5-8 – Flashcards 79 terms

Millie Miller

79 terms

Preview

Human communication units 5-8 – Flashcards

question

Its harderst to empathize with people who are radically different from you

answer

True

question

Our senses make us aware of everything that is going on around us

answer

False

question

A judgement is a deduction that goes beyond what you know or assume to be a fact

answer

False

question

Perceiving and understanding are skills to be developed. One way to enhance our skills in perceiving people and situations in ways that facilitate effective communication is:

answer

Avoid mind reading Check perceptions with others Distinguish facts from inferences Monitor the self-serving bias

question

Which of the following statements are true about perception checking?

answer

It is a three-step process of interpretation It involves description of a behavior It involves multiple interpretations of a behavior It involves a request for information that can help you correctly interpret the behavior

question

Perception checking prevents

answer

Inaccurate decoding of messages

question

Which of the folloing is not a perceptual construct

answer

age

question

What is perception

answer

The process we use to select, organize abd interpret data in our environment

question

self serving bias is

answer

the subjective process of creating explanations for what we observe and experience

question

Effective interpersonal communication perceptual differences

answer

False

question

When choosing the best listening style it is best to consider:

answer

The situation The other person Yourself The communication climate

question

According to Knapp's model of relationship development, public gestures that show the world that a relationship exists occur in which stage in interpersonal relationships?

answer

Bonding

question

Social Exchange Theory suggests that we often seek out people who can give us:

answer

Rewards greater than or equal to the costs we incur in dealing with them

question

In which stage of interpersonal relationships development to the parties begin to take on an identity as a social unit

answer

Integrating

question

Personal relationships are influenced by surroundings

answer

True

question

One important benchmark of an established friendship is the assumption of continuity

answer

True

question

Small talk typically occurs during the intiating stage of an interpersonal relationships

answer

False

question

Most of our relationship are personal not social

answer

False

question

The term used ti describe non-listening which involves the appearance of listening and attentiveness

answer

pseudolistening

question

In which stage of interpersonal relationship development do the parties begin to take on an identity as a social unit?

answer

Integrating

question

Listeners are more likely to understand, follow, and remember a speech that is well planned and ordered.

answer

True

question

If a specific purpose statement is well written, then it will include information that can be tested at the end of the presentation.

answer

true

question

Evidence (supporting material) is used in a presentation to

answer

enhance the speaker's credibility. enhance interest and emotional response to ideas. make ideas clearer, more compelling, and more dramatic

question

A database is

answer

A collection of information organized to provide efficient retrieval

question

Though public speaking is enlarged conversation, there are two distinct differences that separate it from other forms of communication. These differences include

answer

Greater responsibility to plan and prepare Less interaction

question

Scholarly articles (peer-reviewed) often have higher credibility than the popular ones (articles from magazines like the ones seen on the racks in the grocery store). Scholarly articles usually:

answer

Have titles that include words like "journal" or "quarterly"

question

A good introduction does which of the following

answer

captures the listeners' attention, motivates the audience to listen, provides the thesis statement, and enhances the speaker's credibility

question

As long as someone has created a web page, they are considered a credible source to include in a speech.

answer

False

question

If at all possible, a speaker should choose a speech topic that is new to him/her.

answer

False

question

Determining audience members' psychographics is an important step in deciding on a suitable speech topic

answer

True

question

Supporting materials can add interest to a presentation, but they aren't recommended if the speaker's goal is to elicit some type of change.

answer

False

question

If a visual is too small for audience members to see during a presentation, then it's recommended to allow them to pass the visual among themselves

answer

False

question

One strategy that has been shown to be effective when trying to persuade someone to change is to appeal to his/her needs.

answer

True

question

When attempting to persuade an audience, there is no limit as to how many statistics are included as supporting material.

answer

false

question

If attempting to prove that one tourist attraction is better than another, the ____________________ organizational approach is probably best.

answer

Comparative advantages

question

A method of support in which the speaker shows how one idea is similar to another

answer

Comparison

question

Which of the following is a good reason to cite a source during a presentation?

answer

When attempting to appear more knowledgeable about the topic and credible as a speaker When citing statistics When citing controversial information When conveying someone else's ideas or information either verbatim or by paraphrasing

question

A powerpoint

answer

A software package designed for presentations

question

Well designed visuals:

answer

Are matched to the sophistication level of the audience members

question

When a speaker is proposing some kind of change, the topical organizational pattern usually works best.

answer

false

question

One of the advantages of public speaking is it doesn't require as much preparation as face-to-face conversations.

answer

False

question

In formal presentations and casual conversations, we signal interest by holding eye contact and assuming an attentive posture

answer

True

question

Credibility refers to how trustworthy, intelligent, knowledgeable, and/or skilled the listener(s)/receiver(s) perceives the speaker (sender) to be

answer

True

question

Body language is crucial in determining our initial credibility with people.

answer

True

question

Oral communication requires more organization and simpler sentence structure than written communication

answer

true

question

______________ refers to how trustworthy, intelligent, knowledgeable, and/or skilled the listener(s)/receiver(s) perceives the speaker (sender) to be

answer

Credability

question

This is the most recommended style of delivery for a speech over five minutes in length. A speaker who uses this style will carefully prepare, rehearse and finally present his/her information with a brief set of notes

answer

Extemporaneous

question

Chronemics refers to

answer

how we perceive and use time to define identites and interaction

question

Informal language that contains made-up words or common words used in a different or uncommon way and can hurt speaker credibility, especially in formal situations.

answer

Slang

question

Movement of a speaker's hands, arms, fingers, legs and/or feet to express thought.

answer

Gestures

question

Which of the following was not identified as a type of group communication?

answer

Organizations Learning Interviews Problem-solving

question

Why wouldn't a night out with friends be considered group communication

answer

organizational culture

question

At which stage of the group development process do members engage in small talk?

answer

forming

question

At which stage of the group development process should the group's purpose be clarified

answer

Forming

question

Every organization (like every family) has ways of thinking, acting, and viewing work that are shared by members of the organization and reflect the organization's distinct identity. This is referred to as

answer

Organizational culture

question

Although details often are lost or distorted as messages travel along a grapevine (informal lines of communication), the information conveyed informally has a surprisingly high rate of accuracy

answer

True

question

Group leadership maybe provided either by one emeber of several members.

answer

True

question

Group Hate Theory suggests that people hate working in groups because of previous experiences with untrained groups.

answer

True

question

A group is characterized by different and complementary resources of members and by a strong sense of collective identity.

answer

false

question

Line communication is always vertical communication up and down the hierarchy of an organization

answer

false

question

For a group to exist, the people must interact and be interdependent, have a common goal, and share some rules of conduct

answer

True

question

Groupthink is the process by which all group members independently arrive at the same conclusion creating a group consensus.

answer

False

question

If social climbing does not increase the status of those doing it, they often become marginal participants.

answer

True

question

In brainstorming, it's more important to generate high quality ideas that just a large number of ideas.

answer

False

question

Conflict within a group is unnatural and is always counterproductive.

answer

False

question

The roles that emerge most often in group communication were categorized as

answer

Task, maintenance,disruptive roles

question

At which stage do group members define the standards of group behavior

answer

Norming

question

Which of the following were identified as the task goals of group communication?

answer

Harmonizer Facilitator

question

Cohesiveness is characteristic of which stage of a group's development

answer

performing

question

Which of the following is NOT an example of mass communication?

answer

emailing a friend

question

To become a more responsible and thoughtful consumer of mass communication we should

answer

develop media literacy actively interrogate media messages recognize that mass communications is one of many influences on individuals and societ

question

Heavy television viewers are more likely to have beliefs that reflect the worldview portrayed by television, which is not equivalent to reality. In television entertainment programming, 77% of major characters that commit crimes perpetrate acts of violence, compared to roughly 10% of actually reported crimes. This is an example of:

answer

Cultivation Theory

question

Dom enjoys watching a situational comedy because the characters seem so real. The story lines often reflect his day-to-day experiences. Dom believes that more shows should accurately reflect the world in general like this one does. Dom's attitude reflects

answer

Resonance

question

Uses and gratification assumes that consumers of mass media are active agents who deliberately choose what pleases them.

answer

True

question

People who control the flow of information to others are known as cultivation setters

answer

False

question

The cultural studies syndrome suggests that the world is actually more violent than portrayed in the media

answer

False

question

Researchers who examine how the people who own the media influence cultural life typically are conducting textual analyses

answer

False

question

The premise of cultivation theory is that the more one attends to television (heavy viewers) the more distorted perspective of reality they hold.

answer

True

question

The contention that mass communication serves to support the prevailing power relations in society is a primary premise of

answer

political economy studies

STUDY

Business Communications Business Law Business Management Human Resources Department Linguistics Local Area Networks Sender And Receiver Thank You Notes

BA105W Ch1 – Flashcards 81 terms

Lesly Ford

81 terms

Preview

BA105W Ch1 – Flashcards

question

Which of the following statements about today's work environments is least accurate?

answer

You won't find open workspaces or flexible workstations in traditional offices.

question

What is the least accurate statement about social presence?

answer

Social presence is greater in asynchronous communication than in synchronous communication.

question

Steven included on his résumé the job title "Vice President of Reprographics." A reference check uncovered that he was actually a copy machine operator at Kinko's. Into what ethical trap did he fall?

answer

Self-deception trap

question

Which of the following statements about communication in today's business organizations is most accurate?

answer

Wireless access is increasingly blanketing entire office buildings, airports, hotels, restaurants, school and college campuses, cities, and other public spaces.

question

When faced with an ethical dilemma, what is the first question you should ask?

answer

Is the action I am considering legal?

question

Mickey Monus knew that his company Phar-Mor was destined for greatness; he, therefore, felt it was okay to manipulate the accounting records to show a profit instead of a loss to get the company through the rough times. Into what ethical trap did he fall?

answer

Ends-justify-the-means trap

question

To improve information flow, many of today's companies have decreased the number of operating units and managers, thereby shortening lines of communication.

answer

True

question

Which of the following statements about formal and informal communication channels is most accurate?

answer

Companies should monitor social media sites to see what customers and others are saying about the company

question

Diverse workforces are more likely to create the products that consumers demand.

answer

True

question

The most successful job candidate in today's competitive job market

answer

is able to communicate effectively about work that is increasingly complex and intellectually demanding.

question

Which of the following is an advantage of written communication?

answer

Creates a permanent record

question

Bert is CEO of an organization with many layers in the chain of command. He is looking for ways to reduce these layers so that he can communicate more directly with the first-line employees. What organizational communication barrier is he trying to overcome?

answer

Long lines of communication

question

Covering up incidents, abusing sick days, lying to a supervisor, taking credit for a colleague's ideas, and inflating grades on a résumé are examples of

answer

unethical actions.

question

Being ethical makes good business sense.

answer

True

question

One advantage of oral communication over written communication is that oral communication can be more easily adjusted to the audience.

answer

True

question

Information flows through formal communication channels in three directions: downward, upward, and spiral.

answer

False

question

Which of the following statements about communicating in today's digital world is least accurate?

answer

Communication generally flows one way, from businesses to consumers.

question

Communication in today's workplace is shifting from one-sided, slow forms of communication to interactive, instant, less paper-based communication.

answer

True

question

Social presence is greater in asynchronous communication (e-mail, forum post) than in synchronous communication (live chat, IM).

answer

False

question

Kendra is responsible for updating her company's Facebook page with information about products, promotions, and special events. Kendra is using a communication medium called

answer

social media.

question

Which of the following statements is least accurate?

answer

Employees should expect employers to provide them with a clearly defined career path.

question

The three primary business communication functions are to inform, to persuade, and to entertain.

answer

False

question

External communication includes sharing ideas and messages with superiors, coworkers, and subordinates.

answer

False

question

According to media richness theory, face-to-face conversations are the richest because they provide more helpful cues and allow for immediate feedback.

answer

True

question

Maxwell is sending an e-mail message to the Securities and Exchange Commission to ask about a specific Sarbanes-Oxley regulation. This is an example of internal communication.

answer

False

question

A free exchange of information helps organizations

answer

do all of these (respond rapidly to changing markets, build employee morale, serve the public).

question

What is the most accurate statement about being an effective communicator in the digital age?

answer

Realize that because of social media and other online technology, your writing will be on display more than ever before; and it must be professional and correct.

question

One disadvantage of written communication is that it the paper trail it leaves can be dangerous.

answer

True

question

Robert has altered figures on his firm's financial statements to make revenues for the quarter look higher. He thinks that doing this will cause an increase in his firm's stock price, which will make stockholders happy. He has fallen into the ends-justify-the-means ethical trap.

answer

True

question

Which of the following statements about workplace diversity is the most accurate?

answer

Teams with diverse membership are more likely to create the products that consumers demand.

question

You are born with the abilities to read, listen, speak, and write effectively.

answer

False

question

Which of the following is not an advantage of oral communication?

answer

Promotes easy recall

question

E-mail is rapidly becoming the preferred communication channel for online customer service.

answer

False

question

Which of the following statements about social media is most accurate?

answer

Social media are still relatively new and untried communication channels for some businesses.

question

Which of the following is an example of horizontal communication in an organization?

answer

Six marketing reps meet to discuss ideas for targeting new customers.

question

Naoko has just moved to the United States and is taking a class to improve her English skills. What organizational communication barrier is she trying to overcome?

answer

Lack of communication skills

question

Ethical business communicators strive to tell the truth, label opinions so that they are not confused with facts, are objective, communicate clearly, use inclusive language, and

answer

give credit when using the ideas of others.

question

What is the most common business communication function?

answer

To inform

question

What statement about communicating in today's work environment is least accurate?

answer

Hard-copy memos and letters still outnumber other forms of communication.

question

Which of the following statements about team-based management is least accurate?

answer

Companies that use team-based management prefer to train employees in teamwork skills rather than hire new workers who already possess these skills.

question

Thinking creatively and critically means

answer

having opinions that are backed by reason and evidence.

question

Social presence is defined as

answer

the degree of "salience" (being there) between a sender and receiver using a communication medium.

question

Media richness theory attempts to classify media in organizations according to

answer

how much clarifying information they are able to convey from a sender to a recipient.

question

Managers can use the grapevine productively by sharing bad news as well as good news.

answer

True

question

Some states have passed "Plain English" laws that require businesses to write policies, warranties, and contracts in language comprehensible to average readers.

answer

True

question

A company's CEO has developed a five-year strategic plan and will share it with all employees. This is an example of downward communication.

answer

True

question

David, a payroll clerk, came up with an idea for processing payroll more efficiently and presented it to the Human Resources Department manager. This is an example of an upward flow of communication.

answer

True

question

Chandra spent part of her workday booking flights and accommodations for her vacation next month. She tells herself that this is okay because all of her colleagues use the Internet for personal business at work, and they do it far more than she does. Into what ethical trap did she fall?

answer

Doctrine-of-relative filth trap

question

Alyssa has been asked by her boss to sign off on financial statements that she believes are false. Although she feels uncomfortable doing this, she's afraid that she'll be fired if she doesn't comply. Into what ethical trap has Alyssa fallen?

answer

False necessity trap

question

Which of the following is an example of upward communication in an organization?

answer

A warehouse worker suggests to his boss a way to improve employee morale.

question

Melinda was recently hired as manager of a small retail establishment. She immediately noticed that employees seem afraid to speak with her. She wants her employees to feel comfortable coming to her about anything. What organizational communication barrier is she trying to overcome?

answer

Lack of trust between management and employees

question

Mina wants to use the communication medium with the highest social presence. Which of the following should she choose?

answer

Live Chat

question

Communication today generally flows one way—from companies to the public.

answer

False

question

Sandra owns a medium-sized financial services firm. She would like to make the best use of the grapevine for communication. What advice would you give her?

answer

Increase the amount of information delivered through formal channels.

question

Which of the following is an example of an informal organizational communication channel?

answer

An employee starts a blog to share her personal work experiences, opinions, and observations.

question

Flattened management hierarchies allow companies to react more quickly to market changes.

answer

True

question

Which of the following statements about communicating in today's digital world is least accurate?

answer

Communication generally flows one way, from businesses to consumers.

question

To improve communication and to compete more effectively, many of today's companies have

answer

restructured and reengineered themselves into smaller operating units and work teams.

question

Communication in today's workplace is shifting from one-sided, slow forms of communication to interactive, instant, less paper-based communication.

answer

True

question

Kendra is responsible for updating her company's Facebook page with information about products, promotions, and special events. Kendra is using a communication medium called

answer

Social Media

question

The 21-century economy is based mainly on

answer

information and knowledge.

question

Gerard's company will no longer store its data using in-house hardware and software; instead, data will be stored online at a remote location. This type of technology is called

answer

Cloud computing.

question

Peter has started a new job and has noticed that there is a lot of gossip in his new workplace. He wants to come across professionally. What is the best advice you can give him?

answer

Attack any rumors about himself aggressively.

question

"Around-the clock availability"

answer

means that you may be expected to work long hours without extra compensation and be available practically anytime and anywhere, should a crisis strike at work.

question

Which of the following statements about global competition is least accurate?

answer

Only medium and large companies compete globally.

question

What has led to the increase in the number of companies that operate globally?

answer

All of these (the rise of new communication technologies and advanced forms of transportation, the removal of trade barriers, and saturated local markets)

question

Which of the following is an example of an internal organizational communication?

answer

A meeting of all department managers

question

Organizations with free-flowing, open communication tend to be more successful.

answer

True

question

The most prevalent communication channel in the workplace today is

answer

E-mail

question

Daniel must handle a complex organizational issue. Which of the following media would be best for this purpose?

answer

face-to-face meeting

question

In making hiring decisions, employers often rank communication skills among the most-requested competencies.

answer

True

question

Which of the following statements about laws is least accurate?

answer

Anything published on the Internet is in the public domain and can be used freely.

question

Of the following, the least rich communication media are

answer

flyers or posters.

question

The three basic functions of business communication are to

answer

inform, persuade, and promote goodwill.

question

The most significant trends in today's dynamic workplace include global competition, team-based projects, flattened management hierarchies, new communication technologies, and

answer

expectations of around-the-clock availability.

question

Which of the following is considered a rich medium?

answer

Face-to-face conversation

question

Only workers at the highest levels of management are expected to think creatively and critically.

answer

False

question

Knowledge and information workers must be able to think critically, make sound decisions, and

answer

communicate information to others.

question

What type of technology makes it possible to locate and identify a computing device as soon as users connect to the network?

answer

Presence technology

question

Which of the following statements about writing skills is most accurate?

answer

Having good writing skills can improve your chances for promotion and can result in higher earnings.

question

Which of the following statements about communicating in today's digital world is least accurate?

answer

Communication generally flows one way, from businesses to consumers.

STUDY

Give And Take International Trade Linguistics Oral Communication Problem Solution Order Specific Purpose Statement

Public Speaking Test 3 Study Guide: – Flashcards 250 terms

Alexander Barker

250 terms

Preview

Public Speaking Test 3 Study Guide: – Flashcards

question

Good speech delivery a. is accompanied by frequent gestures .b. requires that the speaker have a strong voice. c. sounds conversational even though it has been rehearsed. d. draws the attention of the audience away from the message. e. is best achieved by reading from a manuscript.

answer

c. sounds conversational even though it has been rehearsed.

question

Good speech delivery a. has a conversational quality. b. does not call attention to itself. c. requires a strong voice. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.

answer

e. a and b only.

question

Communication based on a speaker's body and voice, rather than on the use of words, is called a. implicit communication. b. nonverbal communication. c. unintentional communication. d. instinctive communication. e. physical communication.

answer

b. nonverbal communication.

question

In which situation would a speaker be most likely to read from a manuscript? a. a speech accepting an award at a company banquet b. a speech in honor of a retiring employee c. a speech on international policy at the United Nations d. a speech on the activities of a church social committee e. a speech of welcome to new members of the Rotary Club

answer

c. a speech on international policy at the United Nations

question

A political candidate is running for office and must give a speech that will lay out the details of her platform. The speech will be widely covered by newspapers and television. What kind of delivery is the candidate most likely to use? a. manuscript b. impromptu c. monotonous d. colloquial e. memorized

answer

a. manuscript

question

When speaking from a manuscript, you should a. practice aloud to make sure the speech sounds natural. b. be certain the final manuscript is legible at a glance. c. work on establishing eye contact with the audience. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.

answer

d. all of the above.

question

In which situation would a speaker be most likely to recite a speech from memory? a. when making a toast at a wedding b. when responding to questions during a class lecture c. when reporting earnings to the yearly stockholders' meeting d. when presenting a lengthy proposal to the city council e. when rallying a group to work for lower tuition

answer

a. when making a toast at a wedding

question

According to your textbook, the __________ speaker delivers a speech with little or no immediate preparation. a. colloquial b. extemporaneous c. conversational d. impromptu e. declamatory

answer

d. impromptu

question

Which of the following does your textbook recommend when you need to speak impromptu? a. Maintain eye contact with the audience. b. Use signposts to help listeners keep track of your ideas. c. Tell the audience how nervous you are. d. all of the above e. a and b only

answer

e. a and b only

question

Diego needs to make an impromptu response to another speaker at a staff meeting. Your textbook recommends that he should do all of the following except a. state the point he is answering. b. state the point he wishes to make. c. maintain eye contact with the audience. d. tell the audience how nervous he is about impromptu speaking. e. use signposts to help the audience keep track of his ideas.

answer

d. tell the audience how nervous he is about impromptu speaking.

question

The __________ speaker uses only brief notes or a speaking outline to jog the memory. a. after-dinner b. commemorative c. informative d. extemporaneous e. persuasive

answer

d. extemporaneous

question

A speech that is fully prepared in advance but that is delivered from a brief set of notes or a speaking outline is called a(n) __________ speech. a. extemporaneous b. declamatory c. impromptu d. manuscript e. vocalized

answer

a. extemporaneous

question

Speaking extemporaneously a. gives more control over language than does speaking from memory. b. is adaptable to more situations than is speaking from manuscript. c. offers more spontaneity and directness than does speaking impromptu. d. all of the above. e. b and c only.

answer

b. is adaptable to more situations than is speaking from manuscript.

question

Which of the following does your textbook mention as an advantage of extemporaneous delivery? a. It requires only a minimal amount of gesturing by the speaker. b. It reduces the likelihood of a speaker making vocalized pauses. c. It improves a speaker's ability to articulate difficult words correctly. d. It requires little or no preparation before the speech is delivered. e. It allows greater spontaneity than does speaking from a manuscript.

answer

e. It allows greater spontaneity than does speaking from a manuscript.

question

Which of the following does your textbook mention as an advantage of using visual aids in a public speech? a. Using visual aids enhances the clarity of the speaker's message. b. Using visual aids reduces the need for eye contact with the audience. c. Using visual aids can help combat the speaker's stage fright. d. all of the above e. a and c only

answer

e. a and c only

question

According to your textbook, which of the following is an advantage of using visual aids in a speech? a. Using visual aids can increase the clarity of a speaker's message. b. Using visual aids can increase the audience's retention of a speaker's message. c. Using visual aids can increase the persuasiveness of a speaker's message. d. all of the above e. a and b only

answer

d. all of the above

question

Visual aids can be very useful to a speaker because they a. often take the place of statistics. b. enhance the clarity of a speaker's ideas. c. can be passed among members of the audience. d. do not require a great deal of explanation. e. all of the above.

answer

b. enhance the clarity of a speaker's ideas.

question

Visual aids are often helpful to a speaker because they can a. enhance the clarity of a speaker's ideas. b. make information more interesting to listeners. c. help listeners retain a speaker's ideas. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.

answer

d. all of the above.

question

If the object you want to use as a visual aid is not available, the next best option ideally is a a. model. b. chart. c. slide. d. photograph. e. drawing.

answer

a. model.

question

As your textbook explains, if you plan to use a photograph as a visual aid in a speech, you should usually a. display the photograph with PowerPoint. b. pass the photograph among the audience so everyone can look at it. c. use a photograph in an oversize book and hold it where it can be seen. d. all of the above. e. b and c only.

answer

a. display the photograph with PowerPoint.

question

__________ are especially valuable for showing an audience statistical trends and patterns. a. Models b. Diagrams c. Transparencies d. Blueprints e. Graphs

answer

e. Graphs

question

If you were discussing statistical trends in a speech, what kind of visual aid would probably work best to clarify the trends for listeners? a. a chart b. a map c. a diagram d. a graph e. a model

answer

d. a graph

question

A __________ graph is best suited for showing changes in statistics over time or space. a. pie b. line c. distributive d. parallel e. ratio

answer

b. line

question

If you wanted to compare the changes over the last 10 years in the number of people who get their news from newspapers and the number of people who get their news from the Internet, the best kind of visual aid would probably be a a. pie graph. b. diagram. c. chart. d. line graph. e. wave graph.

answer

d. line graph.

question

Which of the following would probably be the best kind of visual aid to illustrate the rising cost of a college degree? a. a line graph b. a chart c. a diagram d. a bar graph e. a pie graph

answer

a. a line graph

question

Which of the following would probably be the best kind of visual aid to show changes in the homicide rate in Washington, D.C., over the past twenty years? a. a diagram b. a line graph c. a chart d. a bar graph e. a pie graph

answer

b. a line graph

question

A __________ graph is best suited for illustrating simple distribution patterns. a. pie b. line c. parallel d. ratio e. bar

answer

a. pie

question

A __________ graph is best suited for illustrating the relationship among parts of a whole. a. parallel b. ratio c. bar d. pie e. line

answer

d. pie

question

Which of the following is an instance of informative speaking? a. a student urging an instructor to reconsider the due date for an assignment b. a student sharing ideas about leadership based on a book she has read c. a student on stage telling jokes during the intermission of a play d. all of the above e. a and b only

answer

b. a student sharing ideas about leadership based on a book she has read

question

Which of the following is an instance of informative speaking? a. a teacher praising parents for contributing to the school carnival b. a teacher arguing that phonics is a successful method for teaching reading c. a teacher explaining the requirements for an assignment d. all of the above e. b and c only

answer

c. a teacher explaining the requirements for an assignment

question

Which of the following is an instance of informative speaking? a. an ambassador urging changes in international adoption laws b. a social worker explaining adoption laws to potential parents c. a scientist convincing colleagues to change their research focus d. all of the above e. b and c only

answer

b. a social worker explaining adoption laws to potential parents

question

Which of the following is an instance of informative speaking? a. a business manager reporting on next year's budget b. a pastor urging parishioners to give to a building fund c. a teacher lecturing about methods of speech organization d. all of the above e. a and c only

answer

e. a and c only

question

Which of the following is an instance of informative speaking? a. a lawyer exhorting a jury not to convict her client b. a teacher urging colleagues to adopt a new curriculum c. a banker explaining how the stock market operates d. all of the above e. a and c only

answer

c. a banker explaining how the stock market operates

question

Which of the following is an instance of informative speaking? a. a doctor explaining how antioxidants affect the body b. a vitamin distributor urging listeners to buy antioxidants c. a scientist arguing that antioxidants have minimal health benefits d. all of the above e. a and c only

answer

a. a doctor explaining how antioxidants affect the body

question

In an informative speech, the speaker acts as a(n) a. advocate. b. entertainer. c. teacher. d. motivator. e. evaluator.

answer

c. teacher.

question

According to your textbook, the aims of an informative speech include a. communicating the speaker's information clearly. b. communicating the speaker's information accurately. c. making the speaker's information meaningful to the audience. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.

answer

d. all of the above.

question

According to your textbook, the questions listeners ask when judging an informative speech include a. Is the information communicated clearly? b. Is the information communicated accurately? c. Is the information made meaningful and interesting to the audience? d. all of the above e. a and b only

answer

d. all of the above

question

As explained by your textbook, "To inform my audience about the role of 1940s actress Hedy Lamarr in the development of cell phone technology" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n) a. procedure. b. occurrence. c. object. d. function. e. concept.

answer

c. object.

question

"To inform my audience about the major achievements of Ronald Reagan" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n) a. object. b. process. c. event. d. concept. e. function.

answer

a. object.

question

"To inform my audience about the major parts of a motion-picture camera" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n) a. concept. b. event. c. process. d. object. e. function.

answer

d. object.

question

As explained by your textbook, "To inform my audience about the Native Americans who transmitted coded messages for the U.S. during World War II" is an example of a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n) a. object. b. function. c. concept. d. event. e. process.

answer

a. object.

question

As explained in your textbook, "To inform my audience about the steps in creating a rooftop garden" is an example of a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n) a. concept. b. process. c. function. d. condition. e. object.

answer

b. process.

question

Of all the kinds of speechmaking, __________ speaking is the most complex and the most challenging. a. persuasive b. after-dinner c. ceremonial d. informative e. commemorative

answer

a. persuasive

question

Which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking? a. a coach reviewing the offensive plays for next week's game b. a lawyer explaining the details of a plea bargaining agreement to her client c. an architectural firm recommending adoption of its building plan d. a botanist reporting the discovery of a new species e. an activist honoring past leaders of the labor movement

answer

c. an architectural firm recommending adoption of its building plan

question

Which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking? a. a president of a company presenting an award to an outstanding employee b. a marketing manager explaining a new product to the company's sales force c. a personnel manager defining employee benefits at a meeting of workers d. a union representative urging management to avoid a strike by raising wages e. a finance officer reporting sales figures to the board of directors

answer

d. a union representative urging management to avoid a strike by raising wages

question

Which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking? a. a friend offering a humorous toast at a wedding b. a volunteer convincing a group of citizens to sign a petition c. an academic advisor explaining the study abroad process d. all of the above e. a and c only

answer

b. a volunteer convincing a group of citizens to sign a petition

question

Which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking? a. a United States President praising World War II veterans b. a history professor lecturing on the rise of industrialism c. a judge explaining the rules of evidence during a criminal trail d. a developer urging the city council to build a new convention center e. a geneticist reporting her research to a professional meeting

answer

d. a developer urging the city council to build a new convention center

question

According to your textbook, persuasive speakers have an ethical obligation to a. make sure their goals are ethically sound. b. learn about all sides of an issue. c. present their evidence fairly and accurately. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.

answer

d. all of the above.

question

According to your textbook, persuasive speakers have an ethical obligation to a. learn about all sides of an issue. b. use visual aids when discussing practicality. c. present their evidence fairly and accurately. d. all of the above. e. a and c only.

answer

e. a and c only.

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According to your textbook, persuasion is a psychological process in which listeners engage in a __________ with the speaker. a. mental dialogue b. situational disagreement c. cognitive restructuring d. feedback loop e. logical debate

answer

a. mental dialogue

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According to your textbook, you should think of your persuasive speech as a. essentially the same as a commemorative speech. b. a kind of mental dialogue with the audience. c. less challenging than speaking to inform. d. all of the above. e. b and c only.

answer

b. a kind of mental dialogue with the audience.

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As your textbook explains, if you want to persuade a skeptical audience, you need to a. organize the speech in Monroe's motivated sequence. b. urge the audience to take immediate action. c. circulate an audience-analysis questionnaire. d. answer the reasons for the audience's skepticism. e. focus your speech on questions of practicality.

answer

d. answer the reasons for the audience's skepticism.

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If you want to persuade a skeptical audience, which of the following is it most important for you to do in your speech? a. Define unclear terms in the introduction. b. Organize the speech in problem-solution order. c. Focus the speech on questions of value. d. Answer the reasons for the audience's skepticism. e. Include a call for action in the conclusion.

answer

d. Answer the reasons for the audience's skepticism.

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That part of the audience a speaker most wants to persuade is called the a. specific audience. b. designated audience. c. central audience. d. special audience. e. target audience.

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e. target audience.

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The __________ is that portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade. a. core audience b. target audience c. projected audience d. intended audience e. focus audience

answer

b. target audience

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Luna wanted to convince the technology department at her company to adopt a new database system. Some staff members supported the change, a few were opposed, and most were undecided. Luna realized that the undecided group was her __________ , so she focused most of her effort on them. a. majority audience b. target audience c. projected audience d. focus audience e. central audience

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b. target audience

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What contemporary researchers term credibility, Aristotle termed a. ethics. b. logos. c. ethos. d. pathos. e. credos.

answer

c. ethos.

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According to your textbook, the two most important factors affecting the credibility of a persuasive speaker are a. competence and character. b. prestige and charisma. c. character and reputation. d. popularity and intelligence. e. charisma and competence.

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a. competence and character.

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According to your textbook, the two most important factors affecting the credibility of a persuasive speaker are competence and a. logic. b. charisma. c. character. d. pathos. e. status.

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c. character.

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As explained in your textbook, the credibility of a speaker before he or she starts to speak is called _________ credibility. a. initial b. negative c. derived d. original e. terminal

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a. initial

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According to your textbook, the credibility of a speaker at the end of the speech is called _________ credibility. a. final b. derived c. concluding d. terminal e. acquired

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d. terminal

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According to your textbook, the credibility of a speaker produced by everything the speaker says or does during the speech itself is called a. contrived credibility. b. derived credibility. c. demonstrated credibility. d. generated credibility. e. terminal credibility.

answer

b. derived credibility.

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According to your textbook, when is it especially important for a persuasive speaker to establish common ground with the audience? a. when presenting a plan b. at the end of the speech c. when reasoning from specific instances d. at the beginning of the speech e. when explaining visual aids

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d. at the beginning of the speech

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To create common ground with an audience in the introduction of a persuasive speech, your textbook recommends that you a. show the audience that you share their values. b. use statistics to show the extent of a problem. c. confront the audience for failing to do the right thing. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.

answer

a. show the audience that you share their values.

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Which of the following is recommended in your textbook as a way to enhance your credibility in a persuasive speech? a. Explain your expertise on the speech topic. b. Deliver your speeches fluently and expressively. c. Establish common ground with your audience. d. all of the above e. a and c only

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d. all of the above

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Which of the following is recommended in your textbook as a way to enhance your credibility in a persuasive speech? a. Establish common ground with your audience. b. Avoid talking about your personal knowledge of the topic. c. Relate the topic to the audience in your introduction. d. all of the above e. a and b only

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a. Establish common ground with your audience.

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According to your textbook, research has shown that a. speakers with low initial credibility do not need to use as much evidence as speakers with high initial credibility. b. the credibility of a speaker is determined above all by how the audience perceives the speaker's intelligence and prestige. c. speakers can enhance their credibility by delivering their speeches fluently and expressively. d. personal appearance is the most important factor in determining a speaker's derived credibility. e. a speaker can begin with low terminal credibility and develop high initial credibility as the speech proceeds.

answer

c. speakers can enhance their credibility by delivering their speeches fluently and expressively.

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Which of the following statements about speaker credibility is true? a. A speaker's credibility is based on her or his reputation rather than on what happens during a speech. b. Credibility refers to the speaker's true character and competence, not merely to the audience's perception of the speaker. c. A speaker's credibility is affected by almost every aspect of the speech except delivery. d. Although credibility is an important factor for professional speakers, it does not matter in classroom speeches. e. The same speaker can have high credibility for one audience and low credibility for another audience.

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e. The same speaker can have high credibility for one audience and low credibility for another audience.

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Which of the following statements about speaker credibility is true? a. A speaker's credibility is affected above all by how the audience perceives the speaker's personal appearance. b. A speaker's credibility is affected above all by how the audience perceives the speaker's competence and character. c. A speaker's credibility is affected above all by how the audience perceives the speaker's manner of delivery. d. A speaker's credibility is affected above all by how the audience perceives the speaker's personality and reputation. e. A speaker's credibility is affected above all by how the audience perceives the speaker's intelligence and prestige.

answer

b. A speaker's credibility is affected above all by how the audience perceives the speaker's competence and character.

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Efram's audience was persuaded by his speech because they perceived him to be sincere, trustworthy, and to have their best interests at heart. Which factor of credibility influenced Efram's audience? a. dynamism b. charisma c. expertise d. character e. competence

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d. character

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Which of the following is an example of a speech for a special occasion? a. a speech presenting an award to a retiring newspaper editor b. a presentation on marketing strategy at a sales meeting c. a talk to new college students about how to register for classes d. a campaign speech by a candidate for the U.S. Senate e. a lecture by a visiting professor in a college class

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a. a speech presenting an award to a retiring newspaper editor

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One main purpose of a speech of introduction is to a. explain why the person being introduced is receiving her or his award. b. inspire the audience with a sense of the significance of the occasion. c. create a welcoming climate to build enthusiasm for the main speaker. d. explain why listeners should pay tribute to a person, idea, or institution. e. enhance the credibility of the speaker who is making the introduction.

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c. create a welcoming climate to build enthusiasm for the main speaker.

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Which of the following is recommended by your textbook as a guideline for a speech of introduction? a. Prepare your speech so it will last between 15 and 20 minutes. b. Use a quotation at the beginning to secure the attention of the audience. c. Make sure your remarks about the main speaker are completely accurate. d. Generate humor with an embarrassing story about the main speaker. e. Assume that the audience knows nothing about the main speaker.

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c. Make sure your remarks about the main speaker are completely accurate.

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All of the following are presented in your textbook as guidelines for a speech of introduction except a. Be brief. b. Adapt your remarks to the occasion. c. Bring the speech to life by using a hypothetical example. d. Try to create a sense of anticipation and drama. e. Make sure your remarks are completely accurate.

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c. Bring the speech to life by using a hypothetical example.

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All of the following are presented in your textbook as guidelines for a speech of introduction except a. Make sure your remarks are completely accurate. b. Adapt your remarks to the main speaker. c. Adapt your remarks to the audience. d. Limit your remarks to ten minutes in length. e. Try to create a sense of anticipation and drama.

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d. Limit your remarks to ten minutes in length.

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As your textbook explains, when you give a speech of introduction, you should be sure to adapt your remarks to the a. occasion. b. audience. c. main speaker. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.

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d. all of the above.

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What does it mean to say that a speech of introduction should be "adapted to the main speaker"? a. The speech should preview what the main speaker's points will be. b. The speech should be given in the same style as the person being introduced. c. The speech should avoid creating discomfort for the main speaker. d. all of the above e. a and c only

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c. The speech should avoid creating discomfort for the main speaker.

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One method recommended in your textbook for creating a sense of drama and anticipation in a speech of introduction is to a. present a brief biography of the main speaker. b. save the name of the main speaker until the final moment. c. use visual aids that focus attention on the main speaker. d. praise the speaking skills of the main speaker. e. make sure the introduction is completely accurate.

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b. save the name of the main speaker until the final moment.

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According to your textbook, the best way to create a sense of anticipation and drama in a speech of introduction is to a. save the name of the main speaker for last. b. tell the audience that the main speaker is an excellent orator. c. use PowerPoint to explain the main speaker's accomplishments. d. deliver the speech word for word from a written manuscript. e. give a detailed biography of the main speaker.

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a. save the name of the main speaker for last.

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At the annual basketball banquet, Clark is introducing the men's coach, a man who is well known by everyone in the room. According to your textbook, the best way for Clark to create a sense of anticipation and drama in his speech of introduction is to a. present a detailed biography of the coach's life. b. tell an embarrassing story about the coach's childhood. c. be creative by learning about the coach and casting him in a new light. d. all of the above. e. b and c only.

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c. be creative by learning about the coach and casting him in a new light.

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As president of the city's historical society, Madeline is introducing the guest speaker at the society's year-end banquet. According to your textbook, the best way for Madeline to create a sense of anticipation and drama in her speech of introduction is to a. save the name of the guest speaker for last. b. use PowerPoint to explain the guest speaker's accomplishments. c. tell the audience that the guest speaker is an excellent orator. d. all of the above. e. a and c only.

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a. save the name of the guest speaker for last.

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A speaker introducing the president of a university to an audience of prospective students and their families will best accomplish this goal by a. praising the president as the finest public speaker on campus. b. presenting a detailed biography of the president's entire life. c. discussing the history of the university and its excellent athletic teams. d. summarizing the president's major accomplishments at the university. e. defending the changes in graduation requirements instituted by the president.

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d. summarizing the president's major accomplishments at the university.

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According to your textbook, the main purpose of a speech of presentation is to present a. the main speaker to the audience. b. thanks for a gift or an award. c. the reasons why a person deserves commendation. d. information about the importance of the occasion. e. a gift or an award to the recipient.

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e. a gift or an award to the recipient.

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When giving a speech of presentation, you should usually a. tell why the recipient is receiving her or his award. b. present the main speaker briefly and accurately. c. avoid mentioning the losers of the award competition. d. adapt your presentation to the main speaker. e. give a brief biography of the main speaker.

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a. tell why the recipient is receiving her or his award.

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Which of the following is an example of a speech of presentation? a. a speech presenting a new reporter to the newspaper staff b. a speech presenting reasons why a new high school needs to be built c. a speech presenting a famous professor who will lecture on economics d. a speech presenting a certificate of recognition to an outstanding worker e. a speech presenting the annual earnings report to stockholders

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d. a speech presenting a certificate of recognition to an outstanding worker

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According to your textbook, a dyad is a. a group of two people. b. a group formed to solve a particular problem. c. a group organized to present a symposium. d. a group formed to plan a social event. e. a group without a leader.

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a. a group of two people.

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As explained in your textbook, one of the defining traits of a small group is that a. the group has a predetermined leader. b. members of the group assemble for a specific purpose. c. the group succeeds in brainstorming for potential solutions. d. everyone in the group has a similar frame of reference. e. the group follows the reflective-thinking method.

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b. members of the group assemble for a specific purpose.

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As explained in your textbook, which of the following is a defining trait of a small group? a. the group assembles for a specific purpose b. the group contains a minimum of three members c. the group has a designated leader d. all of the above e. a and b only

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e. a and b only

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As explained in your textbook, a group member to whom other members defer because of his or her rank or expertise is called a(n) a. implied leader. b. specific leader. c. emergent leader. d. designated leader. e. appointed leader.

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a. implied leader.

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The person who assumes a leadership role in a small group because of her or his ability, personality, or talkativeness is termed a(n) a. specific leader. b. implied leader. c. emergent leader. d. insistent leader. e. designated leader.

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c. emergent leader.

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According to your textbook, a small group that meets for only one session should almost always have a(n) __________ leader. a. implied b. designated c. elected d. emergent e. dynamic

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b. designated

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As the vice president for employee relations, Manuel is the only member of his company's executive team attending informal small group meetings where employees are considering proposals to revise the company's personal leave policies. Beginning at its very first meeting, the group looks to Manuel for leadership. What kind of leader is Manuel? a. task leader b. emergent leader c. authoritative leader d. maintenance leader e. implied leader

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e. implied leader

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Miriam is the only member of her small group with professional experience on their subject, so her group naturally looks to her to guide the project. What kind of leader is Miriam? a. implied leader b. maintenance leader c. emergent leader d. designated leader e. task leader

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a. implied leader

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Rochelle was appointed by her boss to chair a small committee to draft a policy statement on personal use of the office computers. She called a meeting of the group for 9 a.m. Wednesday morning. According to your textbook, what kind of leader is Rochelle? a. emergent leader b. designated leader c. implied leader d. dominant leader e. task leader

answer

b. designated leader

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Randall is talkative and offers his opinions freely during small group meetings. Because he participates more than the other members, he has assumed a leadership role within the group. What kind of leader is Randall? a. task leader b. implied leader c. emergent leader d. designated leader e. accidental leader

answer

c. emergent leader

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As explained in your textbook, the leadership needs faced by all problem-solving small groups include a. task needs. b. maintenance needs. c. procedural needs. d. all of the above. e. a and c only.

answer

D. All of the above

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According to your textbook, what are the three kinds of leadership needs faced by all problem-solving small groups? a. agenda needs, task needs, and consensus needs b. decision needs, maintenance needs, and personal needs c. procedural needs, agenda needs, and participation needs d. research needs, schedule needs, and judgment needs e. task needs, procedural needs, and maintenance needs

answer

E. Task needs, Procedural needs, and maintenance needs

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Which of the following is a procedural need of a problem-solving small group? a. keeping the group from going off on a tangent b. conducting research to help the group analyze the problem c. maintaining good interpersonal relations among the group d. reserving a room for the group's next meeting e. helping the group reach consensus on its final decision

answer

D. Reserving a room for the group's next meeting

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Which of the following is a procedural need of a problem-solving small group? a. deciding when and where the group will meet b. helping the group reach consensus on its final decision c. maintaining good interpersonal relations among the group d. conducting research to help the group analyze the problem e. keeping the group focused on achieving its objectives

answer

A. Deciding when and where the group will meet

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According to your textbook, each of the following is a procedural need of a small group except a. analyzing the issue facing the group. b. deciding where the group will meet next. c. preparing and distributing handouts for the group's meeting. d. summarizing the group's progress at the end of the meeting. e. setting the agenda for the group's meeting.

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A. Analyzing the issue facing the group

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T F Good speech delivery should call attention to itself.

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T F Good speech delivery conveys a speaker's ideas without calling attention to itself.

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T F Nonverbal communication is based on a person's use of voice and body, rather than on the use of words.

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T F One of the advantages of speaking from a manuscript is that it frees a speaker from the need to establish eye contact with the audience.

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T F Speaking from a manuscript allows for greater spontaneity and directness than does speaking extemporaneously.

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T F A manuscript speech is written out word for word and read to the audience.

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T F Speaking from a manuscript requires very little skill.

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T F When speaking from a manuscript, you should strive for the same directness and sincerity in your voice as in an extemporaneous speech.

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T F Speaking from memory is most effective when a speaker wants to be very responsive to feedback from the audience.

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T F When speaking impromptu, you should do your best to look calm and confident no matter how nervous you may be feeling.

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T F Impromptu speaking gives more precise control over thought and language than does extemporaneous speaking.

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T F An impromptu speech is delivered with little or no immediate preparation.

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T F Speaking impromptu and speaking extemporaneously are essentially alike.

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T F An extemporaneous speech is carefully prepared and practiced in advance.

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T F Research has shown that an average speaker who uses visual aids will come across as more credible and better prepared than a speaker who does not use visual aids.

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T F Research shows that an average speaker who uses visual aids effectively will come across as more professional than a dynamic speaker who does not use visual aids.

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T F One of the reasons to use visual aids in a speech is that you can break eye contact with the audience while discussing the aids.

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T F Research has shown that visual aids can increase both the clarity and the persuasiveness of a speaker's message.

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T F Research has shown that using visual aids can increase the audience's retention of a speaker's message.

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T F Using visual aids can help a speaker combat stage fright.

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T F If the object you want to speak about is too large, too small, or unavailable to use as a visual aid, you have little choice but to change the topic of your speech.

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T F If the object you want to speak about is too large, too small, or unavailable to use as a visual aid, you may be able to use a model instead.

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T F Models are the best type of visual aid for presenting statistical information.

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T F Because a picture is worth a thousand words, it is a good idea to pass photographs among the audience in order to illustrate your point.

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T F To be effective as visual aids, photographs must be large enough to be seen easily by everyone in the audience.

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T F The best way to show drawings and photographs is to pass them around the room during your speech.

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T F If you were giving a speech about how to lift weights, the most effective visual aid would probably be a drawing.

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T F If you were showing statistical trends in a speech, the best visual aid to use would probably be a pie graph.

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T F Your textbook discusses four kinds of informative speeches—speeches about objects, speeches about concepts, speeches about processes, and speeches about events.

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T F In an informative speech, the speaker acts as an advocate.

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T F A lawyer urging a jury to acquit her client is an example of informative speaking.

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T F When an informative speech about a process has more than five steps, the speaker should group the steps into units so as to limit the number of main points.

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T F Informative speeches about processes are usually arranged in chronological order.

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T F An informative speech about a process that has as many as ten or twelve steps is one of the few times it is acceptable to have more than five main points.

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T F If the specific purpose of your informative speech is to recount the history of an event, you will usually arrange the speech in chronological order.

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T F Informative speeches about events are usually arranged in spatial order.

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T F Speeches about concepts are often more complex than other kinds of informative speeches.

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T F Informative speeches about concepts are usually arranged in spatial order.

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T F Informative speeches about concepts are usually arranged in topical order.

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T F "To inform my audience about the role of Nikola Tesla in the discovery of electricity" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about an object.

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T F "To inform my audience how to create their own blog" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a process.

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T F "To inform my audience about what happened at the Civil War Battle of Manassas" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about an event.

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T F Persuasion is the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions.

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T F Because everyone knows that a persuasive speaker's goal is to influence the audience's beliefs or actions, questions of ethics are less important in persuasive speaking than in other kinds of speaking.

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T F Persuasive speakers should aim to construct speeches that are both convincing and ethically sound.

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T F Even though a persuasive speaker's goal is to influence the audience's beliefs or actions, she or he still has an ethical obligation to present evidence fairly and accurately.

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T F One way for a persuasive speaker to uphold the ethical obligations of speechmaking is to learn about all sides of an issue.

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T F Of all the kinds of public speaking, persuasion is the most complex and the most challenging.

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T F Moving listeners from being strongly opposed to a speaker's position to being only moderately opposed would be a sign of a successful persuasive speech.

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T F As your textbook explains, persuasion takes place only if the audience is strongly in favor of the speaker's position by the end of the speech.

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T F As your textbook explains, when faced with an audience that strongly opposes your point of view, you can consider your persuasive speech a success if it leads even a few listeners to reexamine their views.

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T F Your success in a persuasive speech will usually depend on how well you adapt to the attitudes, beliefs, and values of your audience.

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T F Persuasion is a psychological process in which listeners engage in a mental dialogue with the speaker.

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T F Research indicates that audiences often engage in a mental give-and-take with the speaker as they listen to a persuasive speech.

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T F When speaking to persuade, you need to think of your speech as a kind of mental dialogue with your audience.

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T F Audience analysis and adaptation are usually more demanding in persuasive speaking than in speaking to inform.

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T F What many teachers refer to as source credibility was called ethos by Aristotle.

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T F Competence and character are the most important factors affecting a speaker's credibility.

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T F Education and status are the most important factors affecting a speaker's credibility.

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T F The more favorably listeners view a speaker's competence and character, the more likely they are to accept what the speaker says.

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T F Credibility is the audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.

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T F The credibility of a speaker before she or he starts to speak is called derived credibility.

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T F The credibility of a speaker before she or he starts to speak is called initial credibility.

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T F Derived credibility refers to the credibility of the speaker produced by everything she or he says and does during the speech itself.

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T F Terminal credibility is the credibility of the speaker at the start of the speech.

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T F Terminal credibility is the credibility of the speaker at the end of the speech.

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T F A speaker can have high credibility for one audience and low credibility for another audience.

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T F A speaker's credibility can change during the course of her or his speech.

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T F A speaker could begin a speech with high credibility but end the speech with low credibility.

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T F A speaker's credibility is affected by everything she or he says and does during the speech.

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T F The primary purpose of a special occasion speech is to convey information to an audience.

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T F A graduation address and a toast at a wedding are both examples of speeches for special occasions.

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T F The purpose of a speech of introduction is to introduce a person receiving an award or an honor.

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T F The purpose of a speech of introduction is to introduce the main speaker to the audience.

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T F One major purpose of a speech of introduction is to focus attention on the person making the introduction.

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T F One major purpose of a speech of introduction is to build enthusiasm for the upcoming speaker.

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T F As your textbook explains, speeches of introduction usually should be two to three minutes long.

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T F As your textbook explains, speeches of introduction usually should be 8 to 10 minutes long.

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T F When giving a speech of introduction, you should be sure to praise the speaking skills of the main speaker.

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T F One major purpose of a speech of introduction is to establish a welcoming climate that will boost the credibility of the main speaker.

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T F If you are introducing the same speaker to an audience of college students for a morning presentation and to the city chamber of commerce for an afternoon presentation, you should use the same speech for each occasion.

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T F When giving a speech of introduction, you should state the name of the main speaker as soon as possible to avoid confusion among members of the audience.

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T F When giving a speech of introduction, you should usually save the name of the main speaker until the final moment, even when the audience already knows who he or she is.

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T F A speech of introduction should usually be read from a manuscript.

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T F As defined in your textbook, a speech of presentation is a speech that presents someone a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition.

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T F There is a great deal of research to show that if members of a small group work well together, they can almost always resolve a problem better than a single person can.

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T F Most experts set the maximum number of members for a small group at seven or eight.

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T F One of the defining traits of a small group is that its members assemble for a specific purpose.

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T F According to your textbook, a small group is a collection of three to twelve people who find themselves discussing a particular topic.

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T F An important feature of a small group is that all participants potentially function as speakers and listeners.

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T F To function effectively, a small group needs capable leadership.

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T F To function effectively, a small group needs a specific leader.

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T F The newest or least experienced member of a small group is usually referred to as the implied leader.

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T F A person who by ability, force of personality, or simply by talking the most, takes on a leadership role in a small group is called an emergent leader.

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T F A small group that meets for only one session should almost always have a designated leader.

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T F Each member of a small group should be prepared to assume a leadership role when necessary.

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T F The procedural needs of a small group revolve around interpersonal relations among the group's members.

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T F The procedural needs of a small group include such matters as deciding when the group will meet, taking notes during the meeting, and summarizing the group's progress at the end of the meeting.

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T F The procedural needs of a small group include such matters as whether members get along with each other and feel good about their roles in the group.

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T F Helping the group reach consensus on its final decision is an example of a procedural need in a small group.

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Communication based on a person's voice and body, rather than on the use of words, is called _______________ communication.

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nonverbal

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A speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation is called a(n) _______________ speech.

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impromptu

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A speech that is fully prepared in advance but delivered from a brief set of notes or a speaking outline is called a(n) _______________ speech.

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extemporaneous

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The relative highness or lowness of speech sounds is called _______________ .

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pitch

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Mark Twain said, "The right word might be effective, but no word was ever as effective as a rightly timed _______________ ."

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pause

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A _______________ occurs when a speaker fills the silence between words with sounds such as "um," "er," and "uh."

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vocalized pause

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Changes in a speaker's pitch, rate, and volume are referred to as _______________ .

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vocal variety

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_______________ refers to the speed at which a person speaks.

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Rate

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How we use eye contact, body movement, gestures, and other physical motions to communicate is the subject of an area of study known as _______________ .

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Kinesics

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If the object you want to use as a visual aid is not available to you, the next best option ideally is a _______________ .

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model

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If you wanted to illustrate the increase in the number of people in the U.S. who have earned college degrees since 1970, the best kind of visual aid would probably be a(n) _______________.

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graph

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While a _______________ graph is best for illustrating simple distribution patterns, a _______________ graph is best for showing comparisons between two or more items.

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pie; bar

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If you wanted to summarize the events that led to the outbreak of World War I, the best kind of visual aid would probably be a _______________ .

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chart

question

If you wanted to list the steps of a process to help your audience remember them better, the best kind of visual aid to use would probably be a _______________ .

answer

Chart

question

A(n) _______________ is a systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product.

answer

process

question

"To inform my audience how to arrange flowers like a professional florist" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n) _______________ .

answer

process

question

"To inform my audience about the different sections of a medieval cathedral" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n) _____________ , while "To inform my audience about the beliefs of major Christian sects during the middle ages" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n) ______________ .

answer

object; concept

question

"To inform my audience how to prepare for a triathlon" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n) _______________ . "To inform my audience about the history of Hawaii's Iron Man World Championship Triathlon" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n) _______________ .

answer

process; event

question

If you were giving an informative speech about the major stages in building the Great Wall of China, you would probably organize your speech in _______________ order.

answer

chronological

question

There are many ways to organize informative speeches about events. If your goal is to recount the history of an event, you would most likely arrange the speech in _______________ order.

answer

chronological

question

If you were giving an informative speech describing the different regions of Ireland, you would probably arrange the speech in _______________ order.

answer

Spatial

question

"To persuade my audience that there is convincing evidence of intelligent life in other parts of the solar system" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of _______________ .

answer

fact

question

"To persuade my audience that the use of torture is never ethically justifiable" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of

answer

value

question

"To persuade my audience that public officials should act now to upgrade the 911 emergency phone system" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of _______________ .

answer

policy

question

Persuasive speeches on questions of _______________ argue for or against particular courses of action.

answer

policy

question

The following main points for a persuasive speech on a question of policy are arranged in _______________ order. I. The shortage of nurses has become a serious national problem. II. The problem can be solved by offering nurses better salaries and working conditions.

answer

problem-solution

question

As your textbook explains, you must deal with three basic issues whenever you discuss a question of policy. Those issues are need, plan, and _______________ .

answer

Practicality

question

What modern scholars of persuasion refer to as credibility, Aristotle referred to as _______________ .

answer

ethos

question

_______________ was the name used by Aristotle for the logical appeal of a speaker.

answer

Logos

question

_______________ was the name used by Aristotle for the emotional appeal of the speaker.

answer

Pathos

question

When used in a persuasive speech, supporting materials such as examples, statistics, and testimony are referred to as _______________ .

answer

evidence

question

_______________ is a process of drawing a conclusion based on evidence.

answer

Reasoning

question

According to your textbook, reasoning from _______________ moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion.

answer

principle

question

According to your textbook, _______________ reasoning seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects.

answer

causal

question

According to your textbook, _______________ reasoning compares two similar cases and suggests that what is true of the one case is also true of the other.

answer

analogical

question

According to your textbook, an error in reasoning is called a _______________ .

answer

Fallacy

question

A speech presenting the main speaker to the audience is called a speech of _______________ .

answer

introduction

question

A speech announcing the winner of an award and giving the award to the recipient is called a speech of _______________ .

answer

presentation

question

A speech that gives thanks for a gift or an award is called a(n) _______________ speech.

answer

acceptance

question

A speech paying tribute to a person, idea, or institution is called a(n) _______________ speech.

answer

commemorative

question

A Memorial Day speech honoring U.S. soldiers who have died in defense of their country is an example of a(n) _______________ speech.

answer

commemorative

question

Bill Clinton's speech dedicating the Monument to the Struggle against World Terrorism at the site of the 9/11 attack in New York City is an example of a(n) _______________ speech.

answer

Commemorative

question

A(n) _______________ leader of a small group is appointed or elected when the group is formed.

answer

designated

question

A group member to whom other members defer because of her or his rank or expertise is known as a(n) _______________ leader.

answer

implied

question

A(n) _______________ leader is someone who takes on a leadership role through her or his ability, force of personality, or simply by talking the most during group meetings.

answer

emergent

question

The _______________ leadership needs of a problem-solving small group include such "housekeeping" requirements as deciding when and where the group is to meet, reserving a room, and taking notes during the meeting.

answer

procedural

question

The _______________ leadership needs of a problem-solving small group include actions necessary to help the group complete its work. Such actions include analyzing the issues facing the group, keeping the group on track, and formulating criteria for the most effective solution.

answer

task

question

The _______________ leadership needs of a problem-solving small group include such matters as how well members get along with each other and whether members feel good about their roles in the group.

answer

maintenance

question

When one member of a small group has a personal goal that conflicts with the goals of the group as a whole, he or she is said to have a(n) _______________ agenda.

answer

hidden

question

The first step in the reflective-thinking method for discussion in problem-solving groups is to _______________ .

answer

define the problem

STUDY

Communicating With Others Effective Communication Skills Linguistics Specific Purpose Statement

Communications Test 1 – Flashcards 99 terms

Jay Barber

99 terms

Preview

Communications Test 1 – Flashcards

question

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between listening and education?

answer

Proportionately, listening is the most used language skill.

question

Thinking of communication as a "cure-all" is a myth because...

answer

sometimes communication can create more problems than it solves.

question

The classical rhetorician who noted that communication needed to be presented by "a good man speaking well" was...

answer

Quintillian.

question

Becky decides to translate her feelings of anger into words and communicate them to Brent. In doing so, Becky enacts the process of...

answer

encoding.

question

Types of daycare facilities in the workplace, types of tsunamis, and types of flu vaccines are all ideas that could be addressed using which organizational (pattern)?

answer

topical pattern

question

An introduction to a speech includes

answer

motivating your audience to listen

question

According to the text, our "social self-concept" is derived from

answer

interpersonal relationships.

question

To persuade my audience to purchase Honda Accords," is an example of

answer

a general purpose

question

According to the International Listening Association, the process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to verbal and nonverbal messages is called

answer

listening.

question

GTM Corporation required all managers to attend a workshop on communication skills in the workplace. In this situation, the audience would be considered

answer

captive

question

A culture with an individualistic orientation would tend to stress

answer

achievement.

question

Your boss walks by you in the hall, gives you a report, and says, "I need you to have a summary of that report done ASAP." You take the report home over night, summarize it, and give it to your boss the next morning. Your boss takes the summary and complains to you, "I'm disappointed that you did not get it to me by when I told you to." This example illustrates the myth that

answer

meaning is in the words we use

question

In his assertion that "Nothing is clear in and of itself but in some context for some person," Robert Scott meant that

answer

in the process of communicating with others, one person's perceptions are not more accurate than that of the other.

question

The principles of effective composition and speech delivery were first studied by

answer

the rhetoricians of ancient Greece and Rome.

question

When your teacher listens to your speeches, he or she is primarily listening for the purpose of

answer

evaluation.

question

If you adapt your speech to the occupational and educational level of your audience, you are employing what kind of audience analysis?

answer

demographic

question

Brent has convinced himself that he is poor at math. When he registers for his required math class, he is convinced that he will earn a poor grade. As a result, he rarely studies, and receives a "D" in the class. This example most clearly demonstrates

answer

self-fulfilling prophecy.

question

"You should keep the four items I have discussed in mind in order to accept the following conclusion..." This is an example of

answer

a transition.

question

The most effective order for a presentation depends on

answer

the topic, the purpose, and the audience

question

If you introduce yourself as a mother, part-time student, or cashier at a local grocery store, you are giving some indication of your

answer

self-image.

question

According to your textbook, males and females, in terms of gender, are relatively similar. As a result, male and female psychological differences are mainly

answer

the result of cultural influences.

question

The best pattern of organization for a speech explaining how to make a wedding cake would likely be

answer

time-sequence.

question

The education of the audience is a part of the

answer

demographic analysis.

question

Listening and hearing are different because

answer

listening is active, while hearing is passive.

question

Which of the following statements about ethnocentrism is most accurate?

answer

Ethnocentrism involves assuming that our view of our own culture is superior to any other culture's view.

question

Our interpretations of different stimuli are based on

answer

past experiences and the opinions of others.

question

When you actively make judgments about whether or not the message you are hearing is worthwhile you are

answer

engaging in critical listening.

question

An effective specific purpose identifies

answer

the general purpose of the speech, the audience, and the exact topic to be covered.

question

Cognitively complex individuals

answer

use "person-centered" messages.

question

The grouping of stimuli that resemble one another in size, color, shape, or other characteristics is called

answer

similarity

question

Which of the following would be most effective at helping you improve your communication competence?

answer

Avoid the tendency to assume too much about what we perceive

question

One barrier to listening is perceiving the topic or speaker to be boring, uninteresting, or unimportant. What should we do to overcome this barrier?

answer

Consider how the information might be used

question

Our self-concept is determined by

answer

our experiences and communication with others.

question

When presenting the main points, you should be specific, use vivid language, and

answer

show relevance.

question

According to the National Communication Association, competent listeners demonstrate the ability to

answer

understand of the process of listening.

question

Suggestions for improving your self-concept include which of the following statements?

answer

commit to improve or change

question

The type of outline that provides a detailed skeleton of the speech including main points written as complete sentences is called the

answer

full-sentence outline.

question

You have grown up playing videogames. In fact, you often joke with your friends that Nintendo did more to raise you than your parents. Because of this "expertise," you decide to give a speech on the history of Nintendo to your class for your persuasive speech. Which of the following criteria for the appropriateness of a topic is not met with your proposed speech?

answer

Will the topic meet the objectives of the assignment?

question

For speaking events that occur outside of the classroom, the general purpose is usually determined by

answer

the occasion

question

Judi Brownell suggests five techniques for memorization, a vital skill for competent listening. These strategies include

answer

association, categorization, mediation, imagery, and mnemonics

question

answer

self-fulfilling prophecy.

question

The goal of an informative speech is to

answer

share information clearly and accurately

question

I perceive that Billy likes Christy because I always see Billy making an effort to sit next to Christy in class. The organizational function of perception governing my conclusion is

answer

proximity

question

You are having a terrible day. You woke up late, your car did not start, once you got to school you couldn't find a parking place in time, and on the way to class you realized that you forgot the assignment on your table. You walk in the door and your teacher comments that "it is nice of you to join us." You perceive that your teacher is verbally attacking you, even though similar comments (made in jest) on other days did not seem as bad. This illustrates that ________ influences the way we interpret stimuli.

answer

psychological state

question

According to Brownell's HURIER model of effective listening, the accurate reception of sounds involves

answer

focusing attention on the speaker

question

Although communication can be considered both transactional and interactional, the prime function of the communication source/sender is to

answer

initiate the message.

question

Audience analysis includes

answer

a demographic analysis

question

During an informative speech an internal summary would go at the end of

answer

a main point

question

Which of the following most accurately reflects the percentage of individuals who experience some form of communication apprehension?

answer

95 percent

question

"Communication is a personal event" describes what type of communication?

answer

intrapersonal

question

Cassandra has watched the show Grey's Anatomy for years. When she began to date Caleb she wanted their relationship to be just like Derek and Meredith's from Grey's Anatomy. Cassandra's viewpoint illustrates the fact that differences in perception can be affected by

answer

media.

question

After receiving an email from her boyfriend stating that their relationship was over, Erin began translating the message into her own thoughts. This process is known as...

answer

decoding

question

Regarding your understanding of "facework", which of the following tactics would be the most useful?

answer

flattery

question

Which of the following is NOT a guideline for constructing a speech conclusion?

answer

Let the audience tie everything together.

question

Feedback is an essential component of the communication process because

answer

it serves as a corrective device.

question

Which of the following is a correct specific purpose statement for an informative speech on typewriters?

answer

to inform my audience of the four steps in the evolution of the standard typewriter keyboard

question

Your textbook discusses the relationship between communication and ethics. One principle discussed is that unethical communication

answer

may, in fact, constitute effective communication.

question

The conclusion of a speech should

answer

reinforce what you want your audience to remember

question

According to the text, what is at the heart of all communication?

answer

perception

question

Which sequence describes the best way to approach outlining a speech?

answer

Begin with a preliminary outline, then create a full-content outline, followed by a presentational outline.

question

Effective communication skills

answer

are learned over time through instruction and practice.

question

When you listen to rock music because you enjoy it, you are doing which of the following functions of listening?

answer

appreciation or enjoyment

question

To avoid some of the pitfalls or barriers to listening you should

answer

concentrate on the main ideas rather than the details.

question

The number of main points in your speech will depend on

answer

the complexity of the supporting materials required for each point.

question

Suggestions for improving your self-concept include which of the following statements?

answer

commit to improve or change

question

Included among the guidelines for topic selection is selecting a topic

answer

that is familiar and interesting to you.

question

To listen empathically means to

answer

understand what the other person is feeling.

question

Self-enhancement (efforts to boost your own image) and other-enhancement (efforts to boost a target person's image) are forms of

answer

impression management.

question

Effective specific purpose statements identify the topic to be covered, the audience, and

answer

whether or not the speech is informative, persuasive, or entertaining.

question

Instead of external factors influencing behavior you attribute the actions of others to being "that kind of person." This attribution reflects a(n)

answer

attribution error.

question

An important principle related to the basic elements of communication is that you

answer

are simultaneously a source and a receiver.

question

Becky decides to translate her feelings of anger into words and communicate them to Brent. In doing so, Becky enacts the process of

answer

encoding.

question

According to the text, interpersonal communication must involve

answer

dyadic communication.

question

During his telephone interview with IBM, Aaron answers a series of questions from Angela, a supervisor in the marketing department. What type of communication best describes their conversation?

answer

mediated communication

question

Judi Brownell suggests five techniques for memorization, a vital skill for competent listening. These strategies include

answer

association, categorization, mediation, imagery, and mnemonics

question

To improve your communication competency, the book suggests that you

answer

recognize that each person's frame of reference is unique.

question

Which of the following would be most effective at helping you improve your communication competence?

answer

Avoid the tendency to assume too much about what we perceive

question

Our interpretations of different stimuli are based on

answer

past experiences and the opinions of others

question

Letting the audience know what you will cover in the speech is referred to as

answer

forecasting.

question

What is most clearly wrong with the following specific purpose: "Buying a pet"?

answer

It is not precise and does not state clearly what is to be discussed.

question

Common methods of audience research include which of the following methods?

answer

survey interviews

question

Which of the following is an example of a value?

answer

Individuals should be more healthy.

question

"You should keep the four items I have discussed in mind in order to accept the following conclusion..." This is an example of

answer

a transition.

question

Beth continues to tell herself "I'm going to pass this exam . . . I'm going to pass this exam" as she prepares for her final exam in mathematics. Her expectations that eventually led to her passing her mathematics exam illustrate a(n)

answer

self-fulfilling prophecy.

question

Thinking of communication as a "cure-all" is a myth because

answer

sometimes communication can create more problems than it solves.

question

Josh and Mark take turns exchanging information about their plans for the day during their morning chat over coffee. Their conversation best demonstrates that communication is

answer

interactive

question

The most important factor that contributes to an effective speech presentation is.

answer

selecting an appropriate topic.

question

In his assertion that "Nothing is clear in and of itself but in some context for some person," Robert Scott meant that

answer

in the process of communicating with others, one person's perceptions are not more accurate than that of the other.

question

"Let me first illustrate" and "As you look at my chart" are examples of

answer

signposts.

question

According to the text, stereotyping

answer

oversimplifies and exaggerates human traits and qualities.

question

"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" is a quotation that best illustrates the principle that communication is

answer

systemic.

question

Recent communication research on gender illustrates that in groups containing both females and males

answer

males take more turns at speaking.

question

"I don't know why I bother taking a communication class! I simply do not have the knack for communicating very well, and will never improve!" This statement best illustrates which of the following misconceptions about communication?

answer

natural ability to communicate

question

One barrier to listening is perceiving the topic or speaker to be boring, uninteresting, or unimportant. What should we do to overcome this barrier?

answer

Consider how the information might be used.

question

Which of the following statements most accurately summarizes the relationship among self-image, self-esteem, and self-concept?

answer

Self-concept consists of our self-image and self-esteem.

question

Of the following speech topics, which is most appropriate for a seven minute informative speech?

answer

pop culture fads

question

When you are having a bad day and call to tell your best friend about it, you are probably expecting your friend to use which function of listening?

answer

empathic

question

When using presentational note cards you should always remember to

answer

use abbreviations as much as possible.

question

When your teacher listens to your speeches, he or she is primarily listening for the purpose of

answer

evaluation.

STUDY

Cause And Effect Comparison And Contrast Give And Take International Business Knowledge Management Knowledge Management System Linguistics Problem And Solution Writing

ENGL 210F – Chapter 4,5,6 – Flashcards 20 terms

Alice Rees

20 terms

Preview

ENGL 210F – Chapter 4,5,6 – Flashcards

question

Three-Step Writing Process

answer

The three-step writing process consists of planning, writing, and completing your messages.

question

4 tests for purpose of message?

answer

1. Will anything change as a result of your message? 2. Is your purpose realistic? 3. Is the time right? 4. Is your purpose acceptable to your organization?

question

Ask yourself key questions about youraudience to help achieve your purpose.

answer

1. Identify your primary audience. 2. Identify the secondary audience. 3. Determine audience size and geographic distribution. 4. Determine audience composition. 5. Gauge audience members' level of understanding. 6. Understand audience expectations and preferences. 7. Forecast probable audience reaction.

question

Discuss gathering information for simple messages, and identify three attributes of quality information

answer

1. Be sure the information is accurate 2. Be sure the information is ethical 3. Be sure the information is pertinent

question

List factors to consider when choosing the most appropriate medium for your message

answer

Media richness, the value of a medium for communicating a message,is a factor to consider for message transmission. Richness is determined by the medium's ability to (1) convey a message using more than one informational cue (visual, verbal, vocal); (2) facilitate feedback; and (3) establish personal focus. Other factors to consider when selecting media include the message's formality, media limitations, sender intentions, urgency and cost, and audience preferences.

question

Explain why good organization is important to both you and your audience

answer

Audiences benefit from good organization in several ways. A well-organized message saves your audience time, because they don't have to read and reread a message to make sense of it. They are also better able to understand the content, so they can accept the message more easily and can make better decisions based on its information. Communicators also benefit from good organization: well-organized messages consume less creative energy, speed the drafting stage, make it easier to get input from colleagues, and allow communicators to divide portions of the writing assignment among co-workers.

question

Summarize the process for organizing business messages effectively

answer

First,define the main idea of the message by making a specific statement about the topic. Second, limit the scope of the message by adjusting the space and detail you allocate to major points. Third, choose either a direct or an indirect approach by anticipating the audience's reaction to the message and by matching the approach to message length and message type. Fourth, group the points by constructing an outline to visualize the relationship between the ideas and the supporting material.

question

Explain the importance of adapting your messages to the needs and expectations of your audience

answer

Audiences greet most incoming messages with a question: "What's in this for me?" To adapt your message to your audience, be sensitive to their needs, build a strong relationship with them, and control your style to maintain a professional tone.

question

Explain why establishing credibility is vital to the success of your communication efforts

answer

Your audiences more likely accept your messages if you establish your Summary of Learning Objectives credibility with them. Behaving honestly, objectively, reliably, and sincerely, and showing your awareness of your audiences' needs, demonstrate your credibility and will make your audiences more likely to respond positively to you. Establishing your credentials and expertise will communicate your credibility to audiences that don't know you, thus making them more receptive to your messages.

question

Discuss how to achieve a business like tone with a style that is clear and concise

answer

You can achieve a businesslike tone by using plain English, which is language that is easily understood. Plain English avoids pompous and out-of-date phrases; in their place, it uses accessible and current vocabulary that audiences with a grade-eight or grade-nine education can easily understand. Using the active voice instead of the passive voice is another way to achieve a businesslike tone. Where the passive voice tends to create a dull and indirect style, the active voice is lively and direct. However, the passive voice is useful when you must be diplomatic with your audience, because its indirect nature can create an objective tone.

question

Briefly describe how to select words that are not only correct but also effective

answer

First, check grammar and usage guidelines. Second, make sure the words are functional and content words. Choose words that have fewer connotations and no negative connotations. Blend abstract words with concrete ones, narrowing from the general to the specific, and select words that communicate clearly and specifically. Avoid clichés, and use jargon only if your audience will understand it.

question

Explain how sentence style affects emphasis within your message

answer

The emphasis of key ideas in your message is influenced by sentence style. For example, using more words to describe ideas will give them greater stress. You can also make your ideas the subject of sentences or place them at the beginning or end of sentences; these techniques will highlight your ideas. Being familiar with the four types of sentences (simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex) will assist you in giving emphasis to your information and thoughts.

question

Cite five ways to develop coherent paragraphs

answer

Each paragraph should have a topic sentence that expresses the main idea and use transitional elements for unity. Paragraphs can be developed by illustration (giving examples), by comparison and contrast (pointing out similarities or differences), by focusing on cause and effect (giving reasons), by classification (discussing categories), and by focusing on the solution to a problem (stating a problem and showing how to solve it).

question

Discuss the value of careful revision,and list the main tasks involved in completing a business message

answer

Careful revision will produce a correctly written and professional document that will impress your readers and help them in their own tasks. Revision consists of (1) evaluating content and organization; (2) reviewing style and readability; and (3) proofreading the final version after it has been produced.

question

Explain four writing techniques you can use to improve the readability of your messages

answer

(1) varying sentence length (2) keeping paragraphs short to medium length to create an inviting document; (3) using headings and subheadings to guide the reader through your message and attract attention; and (4) using bullets and lists, which will clarify information through highlighting it and create a visually appealing document for complex subjects.

question

Describe the steps you can take to improve the clarity of your writing

answer

Divide overly long sentences to tighten your writing and rewrite hedging sentences to sound confident. Use parallelism to highlight related ideas and correct dangling modifiers so that your meaning is accurate. Reword long noun sequences and replace camouflaged verbs to be concise. Clarify sentence structure and awkward references to enhance readability and avoid confusion. Moderate your enthusiasm to maintain your credibility.

question

Discuss why it's important to make your message more concise,and give four tips on how to do so

answer

Business people are more likely to read documents that give information efficiently. To make business messages more concise, include only necessary material and write clean sentences by: (1) deleting unnecessary words and phrases; (2) shortening overly long words and phrases; 3) eliminating redundancies; and (4) recasting "It is: and :There are" starters.

question

Explain how design elements help determine the effectiveness of your documents

answer

When selecting and applying design elements, ensure their effectiveness by being consistent throughout your document; balancing space between text, art, and white space; showing restraint in the number of elements you use; and paying attention to every detail. White space provides contrast and gives readers a resting point. Margins define the space around the text and contribute to the amount of white space. Headings and captions invite readers to become involved in the message. Fonts influence the tone of the message. Font styles provide contrast or emphasis.

question

Highlight the types of errors to look for when proofreading

answer

When proofreading the final version of your document, always look for errors in grammar, usage, and punctuation and watch for spelling mistakes and typos. Ensure that nothing is missing, such as a source note, figure, text, or exhibit. Check for design errors, such as elements that appear in the wrong font, misaligned elements (e.g., columns in a table or figures on a page), and formatting mistakes (including uneven spacing between lines and words and incorrect line breaks). Finally, ensure that your layout conforms to company guidelines.

question

Discuss the most important issues to consider when distributing your messages

answer

Keep in mind cost, convenience, time, security, and privacy when distributing your message. Balance cost versus benefits when selecting your distribution method for long documents, because printing, binding, and delivering long reports can be expensive. Choose a method that works best for your audience; some people might be using slow wireless connections or devices with small screens. Furthermore, ensure that your reader needs your document immediately to justify an expensive delivery method (e.g.,overnight express). Finally, use secure transmission methods for sensitive documents, follow company guidelines for recipients, and use Adobe PDF instead of Word files to avoid viruses.

STUDY

Linguistics

Kansas Writing Strategies – Flashcards 9 terms

Aiden Boyd

9 terms

Preview

Kansas Writing Strategies – Flashcards

question

independent clause

answer

Contains a subject, a verb, and can stand alone as a complete sentence.

question

simple sentence

answer

contains one and only one independent clause and no dependent clause

question

subject

answer

the person, place, thing or idea doing something or being something in a sentence

question

verb

answer

A word that expresses action, a state of being or feeling, or a relation between two things

question

helping verbs

answer

Help the main action verb in a sentence by adding more information to the verb.

question

coordinating conjunctions

answer

F A N B O Y S

question

where do commas go?

answer

...

question

where do periods go?

answer

...

question

where do semi-colons go?

answer

...

STUDY

Costs And Benefits Fair Use Doctrine Linguistics Time And Location Two Step Flow

Writing for Mass Media Midterm – Flashcards 25 terms

Jazzlyn Sampson

25 terms

Preview

Writing for Mass Media Midterm – Flashcards

question

mass media

answer

communication that reaches a large number of people in a short time, reaching large and unseen audiences

question

noise

answer

anything preventing a message from reaching it's destination and being understood by the intended audience

question

goal of successful mass communication

answer

right MESSAGE to the right AUDIENCE through the right MEDIA

question

components of communication model

answer

sender, message, medium, receiver

question

opinions

answer

relatively fleeting and easy to change (voter choice)

question

attitudes

answer

held more deeply and more difficult to change, causes some discomfit to change (school loyalty)

question

beliefs

answer

deeply held, what you live and possibly die for (country, religion)

question

demographics

answer

easily identifiable characteristics (age, race, ethnicity, gender)

question

psychographics

answer

culture and experiences that affect the way we think and act (overseas living/travel, war, wealth, poverty)

question

5 steps of communication

answer

1. getting the recipient's attention 2. sending the message so it's received 3. ensuring the message is understood 4. making the message remembered 5. doing it all so message leads to desired goal

question

media effects theory

answer

how media affects society and how society affects media

question

agenda setting

answer

determining what is news

question

framing

answer

the way something is presented

question

cultivation

answer

constant exposure changes views

question

reality

answer

highly distilled version becomes reality

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stereotypes

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classifying someone based on race, age, gender, etc.

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two-step flow

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info moves from media to public in logic and ordinary way

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multi-step flow

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included opinion leaders, early adapters

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uses and gratification

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appeals to wants and needs, often distinguishing one for the other

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hierarchy of needs

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ordering of what is important: physiological , safety, social, ego, self-fulfillment

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cognitive dissonance

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message challenges beliefs, creates uneasiness, exposes something out of the ordinary -in marketing: consumer remorse -in communication: anything out of the ordinary

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cognitive dissonance

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often needs to be overcome by the first affirming the need for change or decision made

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cognitive dissonance

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can be used to communicator's advantage because the uneasiness it caused attracts attention (wording and signage)

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diffusion and adoption

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bases communication on public understanding of issue, based on continuum of 1. awareness 2. interest 3. trial 4. evacuation 5. adoption

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behavior communication

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-awareness -latent tardiness -triggering event -behavior

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Technical Writing for Success, 3rd Edition (Glossary Terms) – Flashcards 199 terms

Lucas Davies

199 terms

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Technical Writing for Success, 3rd Edition (Glossary Terms) – Flashcards

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abstracts

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short, concise versions of longer pieces of communication; include only the most important general information

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academic writing

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the expository and persuasive writing done in academic circles; examples include personal essays, research papers, analyses, and arguments

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accommodate

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to adjust; to change circumstances so that others will be more comfortable or more at ease

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acronyms

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letters that stand for a long or complicated term or series of terms

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adrenaline

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a stimulant; something that excites and creates extra energy

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ambiguous

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more than one interpretation is possible; describes writing that means different things to different people

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anecdote

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a humorous story

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animation

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text or graphics that move

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annotations

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handwritten notes, often placed in the margins of a document being read

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anticipate

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to guess or predict before actually reading a passage what kind of reasoning it might present

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appendix

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usually the last element or special part of a formal report; a place to include documents, data, or graphics not necessary to the discussion in the report but perhaps helpful or interesting to the audience

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