Question 1

Conflict theory emerged on the heels of

Accepted Answer

labeling theory

Question 2

According to Austin Turk, the key to understanding conflict is best reflected in

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authority-subject relationships

Question 3

The main theme of conflict for Marxist criminologists is

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the mode of production

Question 4

Conflict theories have that general name because they do not all assume that conflict is

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abnormal or uncharacteristic to human nature and society

Question 5

Conflict theorists are more Classical than

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Positivist

Question 6

Left realism explains crime though:

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the victim, the offender, the state, and the community

Question 7

The policy implications for conflict theory mentioned in the text include

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expand employment opportunities and skills training, require corporations to adopt codes of ethics, and encourage more citizen input on regulating and controlling public space.

Question 8

Traditional male-centered approaches to studying crime are called

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androcentric

Question 9

The critical components of gender relations in the patriarchal family include

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the way delinquency is defined, the amount and type of parental control, and gender preferences for risk-taking.

Question 10

Liberal feminists argues that

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as the roles of women and men become similar in terms of power and public influence and women gain equality in the work force, there will be a likely increase in female crime rates

Question 11

Marxist feminism would attribute

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female crime to women\'s potential threat to the sexual division of labor

Question 12

An equal rights amendment was passed by Congress but

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never ratified by the states

Question 13

Gender theories can be described as

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structural, conflict-oriented and post-modernist

Question 14

If the criminal justice system were to reduce its practice of chivalry

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there would be the false perception that female criminality is increasing

Question 15

Radical feminists believe that women\'s liberation

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will not increase female crime rates.

Question 16

Another way to look at social control theory

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is to call it socialization theory

Question 17

Durkheim purported that behavior is controlled by

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social reaction to someone else\'s behavior

Question 18

The most popular version of social control in the 1970\'s and 1980\'s was

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the one presented by Travis Hirschi

Question 19

Hirschi blamed delinquency on

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broken or weakened bonds to society

Question 20

Matza called the ties that exist between the individual and the dominant values of society

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bonds to the moral order

Question 21

The following are variables of interest for social control theory family structures

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peer groups, and educational levels

Question 22

These are the techniques of neutralization denial of the victim

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condemn the condemners, and appeal to a higher loyalty

Question 23

A criminological learning theory that emphasizes social aspects of reinforcements and punishments is attributable to

Accepted Answer

Ronald Akers

Question 24

Social learning theory is primarily an extension of

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differential association theory

Question 25

In Jeffery\'s social learning theory, the determination of whether behavior will be deviant or conforming depends on

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differential reinforcement

Question 26

The social learning theory of Ronald Akers is based on

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learning mechanism in social behavior is operant conditioning the assumption that the primary

Question 27

Social learning theory considers the fact that

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people seek pleasure and avoid pain, a core set of common values, and modeling to be central to the learning process

Question 28

The primary intellectual background material for social learning theory is

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behavioristic psychology

Question 29

Akers\' social learning theory is

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testable, capable of dealing with subcultures and possible to integrate with other theories

Question 30

Rational choice theories developed in the midst of social events that included the Drug War, the Prison Expansion Era, and the Victims\' Rights Movement.

Accepted Answer

the Drug War, the Prison Expansion Era, and the Victims\' Rights Movement.

Question 31

Policy/program implications from rational theories include

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the neighborhood watch, victim assistance, and target hardening

Question 32

The probability of crime increases when

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there is a motivated offender

Question 33

Lifestyle theory focuses more on

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the lifestyle of the victim

Question 34

Rationalist theories seemed to be rooted in evidence that

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came from national victimization statistics

Question 35

Routine activities can be considered a continuation of the Chicago School because of its emphasis

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social disorganization and ecology

Question 36

A routine activities theorist would not argue

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victims and targets are randomly distributed through all types of settings

Question 37

Peer pressure to engage in delinquency, perceiving oneself to be the victim of discrimination of injustice, and insufficient coping skills are sources of strain that may lead to deviance according to

Accepted Answer

Agnew

Question 38

The text describes the interactionist perspective as proposed by

Accepted Answer

Terence Thornberry

Question 39

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, self-control is a factor that is

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stable over the life course

Question 40

According to ______, a child will avoid deviance if first successful in attachment to parents

Accepted Answer

Thornberry

Question 41

Positive blockage and negative avoidance combine in general strain theory to create

Accepted Answer

create the highest rates of delinquency and deviance

Question 42

Child-rearing practices are a major concern in

Accepted Answer

self-control theory

Question 43

____ and ____do not play an important role in self-control theory

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Race and social class

Question 44

The first theories to be widely used in integration were

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social control and social learning

Question 45

In control-balance theory, the two types of deviance that are referred to are

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autonomous and repressive

Question 46

The integrated theory that brings together theories of rationally

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motivated offenders, routine activities, victimology, and ecology is called crime and social context

Question 47

The continued use of structural theories particularly social disorganization and ecological principles can be attributed to the popularity of the use of

Accepted Answer

community oriented policing, the concept of broken windows, and direct applications of environmental criminology.

Question 48

Charles Tittle\'s control balance theory is difficult to test because of its

Accepted Answer

complexity

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