Great Dying/Colonial Empires – Flashcards

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the European Acquisition of European empires was
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a significant event
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Native American Societies didn't have natural immunities to diseases of the world such as
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small pox, measles, and the flu
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the Europeans had developed some immunities to these diseases bc the diseases stemmed from animals and
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the Europeans would sleep with their animals
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When the Native Americans came in contact with European or African diseases the Native American people
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died off in huge numbers
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on the densely settled Caribbean islands almost every
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Native American died
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Hispaniola would be completely wiped out by diseases within
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50 years of Columbus finding it
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10 million to 1 million people was the population of America, it decreased bc
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Native Americans dying
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With all these deaths there will be a
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social breakdown
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many people died from a famine bc they were
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too weak to go outside and tend to the crops
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the situation was the same in N. America and
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S. America
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there were some Europeans who saw the great dying off as
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the working of God
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they though this was God saying that the Europeans coming to the land and taking over and God was making it easier
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by letting the Native die
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wont be until the late part of the 17th century when the
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Natives would start to reemerge
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this great dying created an
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acute labor shortage
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this labor shortage in turn encouraged immigrants from Europe to
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come to America
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the labor shortage was also partially responsible for the enslaving and
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bringing Africans to the new world
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intermarriage and the birth of children would
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occur
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this intermarriage and birth would lead to
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the creation of whole new societies that had not previously existed
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Europeans and Africans brought more than diseases to the new world, they also brought
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1. plants 2. Europeans brought animals such as cows, sheep, and goats 3. Europeans brought sugar cane, grapes, and many garden vegetables like apples, pears
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these crops that they brought would
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transform the landscape
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these crops made possible the
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European diet and way of life
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these crops were successful in North America because
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of the latitude
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these animals they brought multiplied easily bc the land was
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free of natural predators
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these animals made possible the
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ranching economies and the cowboy style
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horses transformed many
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native American societies
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Pawnee Indians were a farming culture, they did not
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hunt
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when the Pawnee Indians got a hold of horses they abandoned their
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fields and had the horses hunt bison
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the Pawnee women lost their place in Pawnee society bc they had no job now that
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the bison was the main market
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bc of the hunting of Bison a male warrior culture became
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a thing
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the Columbian exchange is the
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bringing of animals and plants
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American food crops such as __________, _____________, ______________, and ___________ would find their way to the old world to Africa and to Europe
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1. corn 2. tomatoes 3. potatoes 4. cassava
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these crops grew quite well in
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Europe and Africa
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the potato would become the sole food of the majority of people in
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Europe
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Blight
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a fungus that was in potato crops. A 5 year period where there would be little potatoes that were grown.
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the potato famine was also known as
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the great hunger
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in Africa there were
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potatoes and cassava
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the European word for corn is
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maize
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the term corn in Europe refers to grains like
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wheat, rye, and barley
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the Europeans think of corn not as a food for humans but food for
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animals
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tomatoes were a product that came from the Americas to
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Europe
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tomatoes were regarded as something women could not or should not eat bc it was seen as too
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sexual a product
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it was seen that if women ate a tomato they would become over
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sexed
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there were stimulants like _______, ________, _________, they made their way from the new world to the old world
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1. coffee 2. chocolate 3. tobacco
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these stimulants would become very
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popular
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this Columbian exchange played an important role in
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food and animals
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in the new world there were
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enormous silver mines
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the silver mines would be used by Spain unsuccessfully in an
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attempt to dominate Europe
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the Chinese participated in this global exchange by
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1. they would demand payment in silver and gold from Europeans for anything they got from China 2. the Europeans wanted the porcelain and tea that the Chinese produced
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As the Europeans colonize we will see North and South America setting up plantations to grow items that were desired in the old world such as
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tobacco, sugar cane
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they needed workers for the plantations, these workers would be
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the African slaves
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the slave trade was a
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race based slavery
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they brought workers from
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Africa to the colonies
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the slaves worked on
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sugar, tobacco, and cotton plantations
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the slave trade provided a lasting link between
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Africa, Europe,and the Americas
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the Columbian exchange gave rise to something new which was an
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economy that connected 4 different economies
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the 4 different economies that it connected were
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N. America S. America Europe Africa kind of Asia
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millions of years ago the continents had been connected, but then they drifted a part and remained separate until
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Columbus' voyage to the new world
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the colonization, the products that the plantations would generate would lead to a connective that would lead to
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an explosion in the economy
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this explosion did not affect all people equally, for example
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1. Africans were enslaved 2. Native Americans land as taken from them 3. it will be the western Europeans who will be the dominant players in this relationship
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there will be ways of thinking that come about such as
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the scientific revolution
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the wealth that will be generated will provide the wealth for the
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industrial revolution that will occur
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vast numbers of Europeans would immigrate to the
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Americas
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the Europeans brought their way of life and way of thinking to the
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new world
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western Europe would come to be the
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dominant force
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whole new societies as a result of so many natives dying off and the introduction of European and
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African people in their culture
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the Europeans would develop an economic system called
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Mercantilism
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Mercantilism
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was the belief that economies provided a market as well as raw materials for the country
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under the system of Mercantilism the goal of a European country was to accumulate as much
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gold and silver as possible
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Bullion
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accumulating as much gold and silver as possible
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a country that had a lot of bullion was
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wealthy
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Mercantilism was very important to the English and French but it was not important to the
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Spanish
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Mercantilism was not important to the Spanish bc
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they had very few manufactured goods to sell
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by kicking out the Jews and Muslims meant that the Spanish had lost their
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root of craft
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the French, Dutch, and the British had
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lumber, fish, changing sugar cane to rum, tobacco
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the French, Dutch, and British used these goods to make
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finished goods
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lumber was used for
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ship building and furniture
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tobacco was packaged and treated to be able to
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use for smoking or the making of cigars
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French, British, and Dutch they made manufactured goods in their countries and then
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sold them in their markets
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there were a lot of variations in the
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colonial empires
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the types of settlements that existed in the colonies also made a
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difference
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women and men had different experiences in
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these colonies
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women in the Spanish colonies would find the role they play very
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small
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in Spanish colonies there were very few women who
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immigrated to the new world
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in N. America colonies had much more of a
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bringing over
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the Spanish conquest of the Aztec and Inca gave the Spanish access to the most
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populated areas in the western hemisphere
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it would be almost a century after the Spanish begin colonizing the Americans that the
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British and French would become involved
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the Spanish had already founded a dozen major cities and universities and a bureaucracy and hundreds of cathedrals and churches that were operated efficiently before
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the French even got there
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so why didn't the Spanish become the world power since they were so ahead?
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1. bc the Spanish did not develop a system of manufacturing in Spain itself so that they could take advantage of the natural resources they own 2. Also the Spanish were not willing to grant self-government to their colonies 3. they relied primarily or native workers to work in the mines and ultimately this proved to be unsuccessful
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the system the Spanish put in place was
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Encomienda
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Encomienda
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a legal system in which the Spanish King granted to Spanish settlers a number of people they could employ
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they were supposed to treat the natives respectively and instruct then in the
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Christian faith
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many Indians refused to
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work for the Spanish
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male Spanish settlers were the
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Peninsulares
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the male Spanish regarded themselves as
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residents of spain
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Peninsulares
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those who lived in the Americas but were from Spain
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the list goes
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1. Spanish male officials 2. Peninsulares 3. Creoles 4. Indians
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Creoles are
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Spaniards born in the new world - children
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they really cared about the purity of their blood making sure
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that their offspring was not contaminated with the sex of someone who had native American or indian blood
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Mestizos
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mixed race of people
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Mestizos are initially unions of
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Spanish men and Native American women
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Mestizos felt that their children might be protected by the
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harsh demands made on native people
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Mestizos were treated better than
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full blooded Native Americans
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Mestizos would become the
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majority of Mexico
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Mestizos were divided into
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Castas by skin color
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Mestizos were mostly
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Hispanic
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Indians were subject to
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a lot of abuse
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Indian women were defined by Spanish legal codes as
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minors - not responsible adults
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the diet of Native Americans did not change it was
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corn, beans, and squash
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Indians who acquired wealth and an education and acquire some European culture they could
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pass as Mestizos
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was a more fluid and culturally blended society than in
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North America
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