Biological Anthropology Flashcards, test questions and answers

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What is Biological Anthropology?

Biological anthropology, also known as physical anthropology, is the scientific study of human evolution and biological diversity within living and fossil populations. It examines the origins of humans, their behavior, anatomy, physiology and genetics to understand how they evolved in their environment. Biological anthropology provides an evolutionary perspective on humans and our relationship with other species.The primary goal of biological anthropology is to understand human biology in its evolutionary context. This includes studying the emergence of Homo sapiens from our ancestral hominins and examining how modern human populations differ genetically from one another. It also looks at how culture influences our behavior and biology over time. Additionally, biological anthropologists investigate the effects of environmental change on past populations and current societies by analyzing fossil remains or genetic data from living populations.Biological anthropologists use a range of methods to test hypotheses about human evolution including skeletal analysis, molecular studies of ancient DNA samples, field studies that examine contemporary cultures in remote areas around the world, laboratory experiments using animal models to study specific traits or behaviors in relation to human ancestorsand computer simulations that model population dynamics over time. The findings from these research methods are used not only to understand past events but also inform decisions about public health interventions today. For example, medical researchers can use data collected by biological anthropologists about past pandemics (such as influenza) or infectious diseases (like malaria) in order to develop strategies for prevention or treatment today. Overall, biological anthropology allows us to gain insight into the long history of humanity on this planet while helping us understand our present-day societies better so we can create a healthier future for generations ahead.