Western Civ midterm – Flashcards

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The Egyptian Pyramids were
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concieved and built as tombs for a city of the dead
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The first modern Homo sapiens
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first appeared in Africa between 200,000 and 15,000 years ago
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in comparison to Mesopotamian society, Egyptian society was
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more rural
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the hykos
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were a semitic-speaking people who infiltrated Egypt in the seventeenth century B.C.
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the ruler of Akkad, who established the first empire in Sumer ca. 2340 B.C. was
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Sargon
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The most prominent structure in a Sumerian city was a temple called the ziggurat
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true
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Hieroglyphics means "mystery"
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false
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the focal points and sources of life for the ancient Egyptians were the
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nile river and the pharaohs
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Sumerian kings derived their authority from
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the gods
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growing appreciation of astronomy among European peoples after 4000 B.C. is best seen in
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megalithic observatories
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the word "paleolithic" means "old stone"
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true
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Mesopotamian religion was
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one in which no one god reigned supreme and deities were closely related to cities
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the word "theocracy" means "rule by the strongest"
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false
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which of the following Egyptians gods was most closely associated with the mummification of the dead?
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Osiris
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The sumerian government
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came to view kings and agents of their gods
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the written script of Sumer is known as
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cuneiform
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the great literary epic of the ancient Sumerians was known as the BOOK OF THE DEAD
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false
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Amenhotep IV is best known for
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the temporary installment of the god of the sun disk in egyptian culture
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which of the following statements best applies to the status of women in mesopotamian society
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the womans role was to be in the home and subservient to her husband
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the Hittites played an important role in the history of middle east because they
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transmitted mesopotamian culture to the west, especially to the Mycenaean greeks
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the medes and the persians were both semitic speakers
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false
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most biblical scholars claim that most of the early books of the hebrew bible accurately reflect the historical events of the israelites
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false
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the hebrew religion
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was an ethical religion centered around the law of God
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all of the following helped make assyria an efficient military machine except for
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humane treatment of prisoners
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the relationship between the assyrian king and his officials was based on
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loyalty
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zoroastrianism was
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monotheist (one god)
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the first five books of the hebrew bible are known as the zend avesta
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false
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which of the following statements best describe the assyrian government
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the king's power was absolute; they were vicars of the assyrain god ashur
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the greeks and the romans, indo-european speakers, derived their alphabet from the semitic-speaking phoenicians
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true
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moses united the israelites after the egyptian bondage by putting them under the protection of a new national god named
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Yahweh
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the decline of the hittites and egyptians around 1200 B.C.
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created a power vacuum which allowed several small states to emerge and temporarily flourish
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the historian of the persian wars was thucydides
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false
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which of the following was not part of the hebrew religious tradition
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the revelation
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Nebuchadnezzar II accomplished all of the following except
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the revision of the persian law
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cyrus the great, the founder of the persian empire, was a member of the achaemenid dynasty
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true
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the persian king cyrus the great was succeeded by his son
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Cambyses II
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all of the following are true of the hebrew conception of God except
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there was no personal relationships with him, as his word was law
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The weakening of the persian empire was largely attributed to
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NOT the constant erosion and diminshment of its standing army
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Darius accomplished all of the following EXCEPT
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NOT built a new persian captial at persepolis
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Assyrian kings organized their empire more effectively by
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hierarchy of local officals directly responsible to the king
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Which greek philosopher said, with regard to the polis, "we must rather regard every citizen as belonging to the state?"
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Aristotle
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the sophists
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were professional teachers who seemingly questioned the traditional values of their societies
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the rise of tyrants in the poleis in the seventh and sixth centuries B.C.
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often encouraged the economic and cultural process of the cities
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The first of great writers of tragedy whose plays survive was Aeschylus
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true
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Typical of greek culture in the archaic age was
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lyric poetry as found in the works of Sappho
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The greek philosopher who proposed the concept of a higher world of eternal and unchanging ideal forms was aristotle
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false
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all of the following are prominent features of greece's topography EXCEPT
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extensive open plains
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the development of the polis had a negative impact on greek society by
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dividing greece into fiercely competitive states
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the lycurgan reforms resulted in
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the establishment of a permanent military state in sparta
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which of the following is true of greece from the eighth century B.C.?
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the polis evolved into the central instistution in greek life
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Cleisthenes' constitution established the athenian government as
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a democracy
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the spartans made the army the center of their society because
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NOT the feared a naval attack from athens
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what were the chief characteristics of the greek dark age?
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it was a period of migrations and declining food production
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Mycenaean kings used the title
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wanax
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the english archeologist who discovered and named minoan civilization of Crete was Sir Arthur Evans
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true
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the "great expedition" by athens against crete dominated much of the second phasae of the Peloponnesian War
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false
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in classical athens, male homosexuality
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was practiced and tolerated in part as means by which mature men instructed young males about the masculine wold of politics and patronage
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the greek historian Thucydides differed from Heredotus in that the former
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was unconcernd with spiritual forces as a factor in history
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which of the following was not a characteristic of the typical greek polis
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each polis had a population of between 90,000 and 100,000 citizens
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The civilization of Minoan Crete
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a and c
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the hellenistic dynasty that lasted the longest was
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ptolemaic
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the famous Indian ruler who sent Buddhist missionaries to greek rulers was
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Asoka
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by the 1st century B.C.E. which of the following was the largest city in the Mediterranean
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Alexandria
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An especially important cultural center with the largest library in ancient times was
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Alexandria
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Slavery was viewed as abnormal throughout the Hellenistic world
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False
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Alexander the Great's troops rebelled when he made the decision to invade and capture
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India
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All of the following are true about the cult of Isis except
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it originated in the eastern persian empire, an outgrowth of Zoroastrianism
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Which of the following statements best describe Hellenistic cities
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important centers of administration, most of which were dominated by Greeks, and Greek culture
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in Philippics, Demosthenes
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portrayed Philip II are a looming threat to greek freedom
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which of the following was not a major source of slaves in the hellenistic world
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citizens who could not pay their debts were sold into slavery
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the best example of Hellenistic "New Comedy was the Athenian playwright
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Menander
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Alexander's military success against the persians was in part attrubutable to
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the role of alexander's cavalry as a strike force
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Unlike the Epicureans, the stoics believed that complete withdrawl from the public world of politics and society was necessary in the quest for a passive and unattached life
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false
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in establishing his empire, Alexander the Great
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a, b, and c
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Because of the enlightening philosophies of Epicureanism and Stoicism, female infanticide disappeared during the Hellenistic era
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false
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Philip II planned to defeat the greek cities by
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breaking up their hoplite formations with cavalry
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the greek god of healing, thought responsible for miraculous cures in the Hellenistic period was
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Asclepius
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Stoicism
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maintained that people could gain inner peace by seeking virtue and living according to nature
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improvements in trade and commerce in the hellenistic world were greatly aided by all of the following except
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revolutionary innovations in agriculture
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Which of the following statements in untrue concerning Hellenistic culture
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NOT it was a great period of literature, especially in drama, history, and biography
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The great christian scholar of late antiquity cassidorus, divided the seven liberal arts into the trivium and the quadrivium. According to Cassiodorus, the trivium includes
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grammar, rhethoric, and dialectic or logic
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guilt under Germanic customary law was determined by
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compurgation and ordeal
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by the second half of the fourth century, german tribes known as "federates" were incorperated into the Roman army
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true
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muslims regard Muhammad as a prophet of god but not as himself devine
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true
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Justinian's military conquests under the general, Belisarius
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were short lived
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the "apostle to the germans" and the most famous churchman in Europe in the eight century was
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Boniface
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The byzantine emperor who initated the iconoclastic controversy in 725 was
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Leo III
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the primary instrument of Pope Gregory for converting the Germanic peoples of Europe was
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NOT bribery
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after the death of Theodoric, the Ostrogothic kingdom
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was defeated by the Byzantines, reducing Rome as a center of mediterranean culture
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the best example of Hiberno-Saxon art is
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the Book of Kells
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Theodoric, the Ostrogothic king who took control of Italy, was determined to
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maintain Roman customs and practices in Italy
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The pope who supposedly caused Attila and the Huns to turn away from Rome was
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Leo I
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The controversy of 730 that set the Latin and Greek Orthodox Christians apart was over
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inconoclasm, or the destruction of icons
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the heresy of Arianism
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questioned the divinity of Jesus
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In the late fourth century, the Visigoths and other Germanic tribes, were pushed into the Balkans region of the Eastern Roman Empire because of pressure from the
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Huns
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the Edict of Milan
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was Constantine's document officially tolerating the existence of Christianity
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The Council of Nicaea in 325
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defined Christ as being "of the same substance" as God
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the basic rule for western monastic living was developed by
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Benedict
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the Church of Hagia Sohia is recognizable by
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a large dome, symbolizing the sphere of heaven
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the founder of the Frankish kingdom and the first monarchic, frankish defender of the Catholic faith was
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Clovis
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the Slavic people of the Rus were best known for
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NOT their defeat of Rurik, head of the Swedish Vikings in 862
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the expansion of the Carolingian Empire under Charlemagne
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was most successful against the german tribes to the east
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in 987 the Western Frankish nobility met and elected _____ as their king, contributing to the formation of a new dynasty to rule France for centuries
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Hugh Capet
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Which of the following statements were true of trade during the middle ages
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a and c
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a comparison of Islam and Western Civilization in the eight and ninth centuries shows
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muslin creation of a brilliant and sophisticated urban culture while western society remained a world of petty and violent agricultural villages
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manorialism
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was an economic system based upon laded estates
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in the early middle ages, germanic tribes newly converted to Christianity still held pagan beliefs such as
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trees were sacred beings and could not be cut down
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the german monarchy was restored in 919 when the German dukes elected Henry the Fowler, duke of
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Saxony
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Who wrote the life of charlemagne written between 817 and 830
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Einhard
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the most successful Muslim raids in the ninth century occurred in
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sicily
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unlike in the earlier Germanic band, in teh Christian Middle Ages, a vassal's primary loyalty was to the local church bishop rather than his secular lord
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false
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in 911 the french king granted the lands around the mouth of the River Seine to a band of vikings of norsemen and eventually that region became known as normady
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ture
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the slavs
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were originally a single people in central Europe
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in the early middle ages, the catholic church condemned infanticide as immoral and a sin, and because of the powerful position of the church in medieval society, the practice of killing infants disappeared
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false
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the division of Europe into three kingdoms after the death of Louis the Pious led to
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an incessant struggle between Louis the German, Charles the Bald and their heirs over disputed territories
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the missi dominici were officials that Charlemagne used to
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check on his courts
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in western Europe the chief political repercussion of frequent viking raids was
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an increase in power of local aristocrats to whom threatened populations turned for effective protection
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the swedish vikings tended to concentrate on conquests and trade in
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Russia
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the Arabic name for spain was
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al-Andalus
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in the early middle ages, the cultivation of new land was hard becuase
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a and c
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