A client who is a Jehovah’s Witness is admitted to the nursing unit. Which concern should the nurse have for planning care in terms of the client’s beliefs?

Blood transfusions are forbidden. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/evolve-questions-fundamentals-practice-exam/

Which of the following beliefs is not included in Islam’s Six Articles of Faith?

faith in the Vedas as sacred texts More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/human-geography-cultural-differences-38954/

How did the beliefs and practices of Islam create unity and strength among Muslims in the 600s?

Language, Shari\'a laws, alms giving More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/chapter-10-the-muslim-world/

Which therapy style requires the therapist to actively confront a client’s irrational beliefs?

Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/psych-chapter-15-questions/

A nurse is caring for a young child who is prescribed a blood transfusion. The parents have refused the treatment due to religious beliefs. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Examine personal values about the issue. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/fundamentals-nclex-style-questions-practice-a/

Which of the following statements concerning gender and political beliefs is incorrect?

Women are more likely to favor going to war More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/pols-final-exam-review-chapter-4/

3. Racial groups are defined by: a. Religious beliefs. b. The cultural and social norms within a society. c. Biological characteristics. d. How the groups have been treated historically.

d. How the groups have been treated historically More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/essay-sociology200-final/

According to the text, which statement typically applies to Asian American emerging adults in their beliefs about key criterion of adulthood?

Becoming capable of financially supporting parents More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/adolescent-emerging-adulthood-final-study-guide-quizzes/

Beliefs test questions and answers | Get Access To Beliefs Flashcards and exam tests

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Beliefs Psychology

AP Psych: Chapter 14 – Flashcards 74 terms

Patrick Thompson

74 terms

Preview

AP Psych: Chapter 14 – Flashcards

question

What does the C stand for in the ABC model?

answer

Cognition

question

The Just World Phenomenon....

answer

Allows us to treat others badly because they "earned" their tragedy

question

When something good happens to us

answer

We usually say I (we earned it)

question

The fundamental attribution error

answer

-Tells us we look at other people differently than ourselves -Tells us we blame other's behavior on personal characteristics -Gives us the just world phenomenon

question

When someone does a behavior because on some level (even if they are conflicted) they want to

answer

conformity

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When someone does a behavior because they feel forced

answer

compliance

question

Which word is not a synonym of the Fundamental Attribution Error?

answer

conformity bias

question

Doing something because you adopt the beliefs of a group or a role

answer

identification

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Doing something because the values of the role and the group become a part of you

answer

internalization

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When people compete so fiercely the group suffers

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social trap

question

When people are in a crowd watching a tragedy and no one helps

answer

Bystander effect

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When people are in a crowd and act badly because they think they are anonymous

answer

Deindividuation

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When a person is working in front of others, tries harder and does better

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Social facilitation

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When a person who is working in a group doesnt try hard

answer

Social loafing

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When something good happens to another person

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We usually say anyone could have done that

question

When emotion is used in an advertisement, it is...

answer

Peripheral route of persuasion

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When a person starts the persuasive process with a big request and then settles for something small it is..

answer

low-ball technique

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Cognitive dissonance is

answer

-When yout thoughts conflict -When your thoughts and actions conflict -Guilt

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When a person starts the persuasive process with small request, gets approval, and keeps asking, it is...

answer

foot in the door

question

When something bad happens to another person

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We usually blame them for not working hard enough

question

Example of cognitive dissonance

answer

Wanting 2 things but only being able to choose 1

question

When facts and reasons are used in an advertisement, it is...

answer

Central route of persuasion

question

The A in ABC stands for

answer

Emotions

question

When a person starts the persuasive process with a big request and then settles for something small it is...

answer

Door in the face

question

Social psychology is

answer

the study of groups and how people interact wuth groups

question

If you did a boring task, but were told to or paid to convince someone else it wasn't boring you would...

answer

Rewrite your own thoughts and believe it actually wasn't ever boring

question

Who is the person responsible for the concept of cognitive dissonance?

answer

Leon Festinger

question

When you want something but don't want it and experience indecision, it is called...

answer

approach avoidance conflict

question

When you are torn between 2 things that you want and experience indecision, it is called...

answer

appraoch approach conflict

question

Cultural diversity best illustrates our

answer

adaptive capacities

question

A social trap is a situation in which

answer

the pursuit of self-interest leads to collective harm

question

Aleksis has recently begun to bully and hurt his younger brother. If this behavior continues, it is likely that Aleksis will

answer

develop an increasing dislike for his brother.

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If the political conservatism of students who join fraternities and sororities is greater than that of students who do not, the gap in the political attitudes of the two groups will probably widen as they progress through college. This would be best explained in terms of

answer

group polarization

question

Norman Triplett observed that adolescents wound a fishing reel faster in the presence of someone working simultaneously on the same task. This best illustrates

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social facilitation

question

The discomfort we feel when two thoughts are inconsistent is called

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cognitive dissonance.

question

The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people

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experience increasing attraction to novel stimuli that become more familiar

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Unconsciously mimicking those around us is known as

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the chameleon effect.

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The affectionate attachment that keeps a relationship going after passionate feelings cool is known as

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companionate love

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Fritz Heider concluded that people tend to attribute others' behavior either to their

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dispositions or their situations

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Adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard is called

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conformity

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Research on the biology of aggression has clearly demonstrated that

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animals can be bred for aggressiveness.

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Following the 9/11 terrorist attack on New York, people across the country donated their time and money to assist the devastated community. This behavior best illustrates

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altruism

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Continuing to operate a fuel-inefficient car despite warnings about the effect of greenhouse gases best illustrates the dynamics of

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a social trap

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People are most likely to notice the impact of environmental influences on behavior when confronted by

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cultural diversity

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The concept of a superordinate goal is best illustrated by

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the intent of management and labor to produce a fuel-efficient automobile that will outsell any car on the market

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A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage

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nonconformity

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Freire did very poorly on his last arithmetic test. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error might lead his sixth-grade teacher to conclude that Freire did poorly because

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he is unmotivated to do well in school.

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Ever since he lost his job because he was constantly late for work, Richard has become increasingly hostile toward the

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Scapegoat theory

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Groupthink can be prevented by a leader who

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invites outside experts to critique a group's developing plans.

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An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members is called

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prejudice

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You would probably be LEAST likely to commit the fundamental attribution error in explaining why

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you failed a college test

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When the task of correctly identifying an individual in a slide of a four-person lineup was both difficult and important, participants in an experiment were especially likely to conform to others' wrong answers. This best illustrates the impact of

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informational social influence

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In one experiment, White Americans read a newspaper article about a foreign terrorist threat against all Americans. They subsequently expressed

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reduced prejudice against African-Americans.

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We tend to feel cheerful around happy people and sad around depressed people. This illustrates

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mood linkage

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Compared with numerical majorities, numerical minorities, such as the Scots in Britain, are especially conscious of their

answer

social identities

question

Social psychologists have arranged for people to drop coins or pencils in elevators in order to study

answer

the bystander effect

question

Psychologists describe shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation as

answer

superordinate

question

Research participants believed that the Asch conformity test involved a study of

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visual perception

question

The frustration-aggression principle suggests that anger results when

answer

an attempt to achieve some goal is blocked.

question

Conformity resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval is said to be a response to

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normative social influence

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Research on physical attractiveness indicates that

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babies prefer attractive over unattractive faces.

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Since 1960, most Western cultures have changed with remarkable speed. The LEAST likely explanation for these variations involves changes in

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genetic predispositions

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After a month of watching violent pornographic movies on late-night cable TV, Myron will probably be

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more likely to interpret a woman's friendliness as sexual interest

question

The preservation of innovation best illustrates the survival value of

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culture

question

Compared with their nonplaying counterparts, kids who play a lot of violent video games have been found to

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get into more arguments and fights.

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Observing yourself on a videotape is most likely to increase your tendency to attribute your behavior to

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personality traits

question

At a conscious level, Aaron doesn't think he's prejudiced. Yet he automatically feels uncomfortable in situations where he has to interact with people of different races from his own. Aaron's experience best illustrates the distinction between

answer

explicit and implicit attitudes.

question

Groups of citizens who identified themselves as politically liberal and groups of citizens who identified themselves as conservative were asked to discuss socially relevant issues such as affirmative action and same-sex unions. After group discussion, the liberal groups expressed increasingly ________ positions and the conservative groups expressed increasingly ________ positions.

answer

liberal; conservative

question

Portrayals of women as initially fleeing but subsequently enjoying coercive sexual encounters illustrate what is known as

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the rape myth

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Orville thinks his girlfriend derives more benefits from their relationship than he does, even though he contributes more to the relationship. Orville most clearly believes that their relationship lacks

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equity

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People heavily exposed to violent pornography are likely to engage in sexually aggressive behaviors that reflect a misleading

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social script

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A sense of social identity is most likely to promote

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ingroup bias

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The longer Chinese people have resided in a Western country, the less they exhibit

answer

the other-race effect.

question

The participants in Philip Zimbardo's simulated prison study

answer

were so endangered by their role-playing experience that the study was discontinued.

STUDY

Abortion Beliefs English 2 Face

staying fat for Sarah Byrnes – Flashcards 46 terms

Julia Rush

46 terms

Preview

staying fat for Sarah Byrnes – Flashcards

question

briefly describe Eric calhoune

answer

big guy, swimmer, people call him Moby, 17 years old in high school

question

what's Eric's nickname

answer

Moby he can hold his breath for a very long time when he swims

question

what does Eric know about his father?

answer

he is a college professor somewhere big fat large guy

question

according to Sarah, how was she scarred?

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she spilled pot of spaghetti on her face when she was younger

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why is Sarah in the hospital now?

answer

she is catatonic, completely unresponsive

question

what happened when dale Thornton bullied Sarah Byrne's?

answer

Sarah fought back got punched in the face multiple times

question

what is "crispy pork rinds"

answer

secret newspaper crispy is Sarah, pork is Eric, and rinds is what's left over

question

how does Eric know ms lemry

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she is his swim coach and a English teacher

question

what is the "Christian cruiser"

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pale blue 1973 Pontiac station wagon with things that say bad things about Christianity

question

describe mark Brittan what do Eric and ellerby find annoying about him

answer

member of swim team, a christens has very strong beliefs on god and opinions

question

how do Eric and ellerby gang up against mark at swim practice ?

answer

bug mark praying's for god to swim the laps for him because he's so religious

question

why does Sam want to know about Sarah's father? why does Eric think Sarah's father is mean?

answer

who he is, thinks her father did something to her face

question

who is dale Thornton? d

answer

bullies Eric and Sarah by calling her Scarface and by calling Eric fat all the time

question

Ch. 4 how did Sarah try to protect Eric from dale

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put Eric in a box saying it was a science fair project and that it was fragile in or to trick dale in thinking it wasn't Eric

question

why did dale beat up Eric?

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Eric wrote a mean article in the paper about dale

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Ch. 5&6 why did Eric and Sarah ask dale to be on the "crispy pork rinds" staff?

answer

he would protect them,

question

what did dale get out of being on "crispy pork rinds"

answer

dale wasn't made fun of anymore

question

what are two reasons Eric liked CAT class?

answer

Judy his "love" was in the class he liked the class, and had one teacher in the class who actually respected him

question

briefly summarize ellerbys beliefs about religion

answer

that god sees everything "from a distance" and explains why bad things can happen to good people, he is always questioning god

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what do you learn about ellerbys brother

answer

he died in college trying to become a priest

question

why did dale and Sarah argue about her spaghetti story

answer

dale was beginning to think she was faking and it wasn't ever true

question

why did Eric eat more than usual the first year on the swim team

answer

he was afraid Sarah and him wouldn't be friends anymore because he wouldn't be fat anymore

question

why did eric go to see dale after such a long time?

answer

to find out the answers to Sarah Byrne's burns from the story were actually true

question

who asked to drop ms lemrys class and what was her response to Brittan

answer

she said yes to Brittan but no to Jody because she thought Jody was just dropping it so she would still be in the class with Brittan

question

what note did Jody pass to Eric?

answer

asked for his phone number says 1-800-fat boy doesn't have enough digits to be a real phone # please advise..

question

what did Sarah tell dale about her father

answer

her dad pushed her face into a burning wood stove

question

how did dale stop Sarah from killing herself

answer

he talked her out of it

question

what topic did ms lemry raise for discussion

answer

opinions on the topic of abortion

question

what did Jody propose to Eric after class?

answer

to go get a burger with her after swim practice

question

why do you think Sarah has decided to talk again?

answer

to stay away from her dad at home and be safe

question

what were the real things that made Sarah get her burns

answer

her parents were fighting and he dad tried to kill her mom and her dad grabbed Sarah and put her face on the wood burning stove

question

what personal details did Jody share with Eric

answer

that Jody had a abortion, and mark is actually a terrible and she hates him

question

Vocab sincere and honest

answer

bonafide

question

huge

answer

massive

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first one

answer

prototype

question

relating the sense of smell

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offactory

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situation w "bad" choices

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dilemma

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not working the right way

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dysfunctional

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emotionally unstable

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tempestuous

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to support or follow something

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adhere

question

can not miss

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mandatory

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immoral/ dishonesty

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corrupt

question

not give up

answer

tenacity

question

causiously alert for problems

answer

warily

question

trance like state

answer

catatonia

question

secret or concealed

answer

clandestine

STUDY

Beliefs Beliefs And Values Linguistics Logic Public Speaking

Public Speaking Final (Quizzes) – Flashcards 101 terms

Julie Noel

101 terms

Preview

Public Speaking Final (Quizzes) – Flashcards

question

The _ Amendment assures protection to both honest and dishonest speakers.

answer

First

question

The following comprise a positive ethos:

answer

competence, good moral character, and goodwill

question

When speakers focus on themselves, they become less sensitive to things that might be wrong with their performance.

answer

False

question

Intuitively, you are already familiar with many of the basic principles of public speaking bc planning and executing the delievery of a speech is much the same as which type of communication?

answer

conversation

question

When supported by facts, emotional appeals are a legitimate way for a speaker to achieve his or her goal.

answer

True

question

Interview questions that invite elaboration are ___ questions.

answer

open-ended

question

Audience analysis involves the study of an audience through techniques such as

answer

interviews and questionaires

question

A speaker should try to uncover the audience's feelings toward

answer

all of the above

question

Values are

answer

our most enduring judgments about what is good and bad in life.

question

Making assumptions about your audience based on their gender can help you maintain an audience-centered approach.

answer

False

question

The belief that the ways of one's own culture are superior to those of other cultures is called

answer

ethnocentrism

question

Research on speaker credibility reveals that people must trust those speakers who

answer

have all of the proceeding qualities

question

___ plagiarism is copying material into a speech and then rearranging words or sentence structure in order to make the material appear original.

answer

Patchwrite

question

A form of communication between two people is called

answer

dyadic communication

question

Generally, people with higher levels of education tend to be more willing to change their beliefs.

answer

True

question

Audience members often selectively interpret the meaning of a speaker's message.

answer

True

question

In the planning stage, a speaker can use the thesis statement as a guidepost to make sure that he or she is on track.

answer

True

question

Values are based on attitudes.

answer

False

question

Which of the following is a Greek word meaning "character"?

answer

ethos

question

An audience that holds negative attitudes toward the speaker will tend to disregard even the most important or interesting message.

answer

True

question

In which of the following cultures is direct eye contact considered a sign of active listening and respect?

answer

United States

question

The first step in the speechmaking process is ____, and the last step is ___.

answer

selecting a topic; practicing delivery if the speech

question

In the conclusion, the speaker should restate the speech purpose and reiterate how the main points confirm it.

answer

True

question

Being audience-centered means abandoning your own convictions and catering mainly to audience concerns.

answer

False

question

Active listeners

answer

normally set listening goals and listen for main ideas.

question

Which types of questions on a survey may be either fixed alternative or scale questions?

answer

closed-ended

question

Speakers who engage in dialogic communication

answer

approach a speech as a collaborative act with the audience.

question

___ is the acronym for the fear associated with a speaker's communication to an audience.

answer

PSA

question

Which of the following is NOT true of visualizing?

answer

It involves physically going through the motions of giving your speech.

question

In general, spoken language is more formal than written language.

answer

False

question

Tyson began to panic as soon as his instructor gave the speech assignment to the class. Tyson experienced

answer

pre-preparation anxiety

question

Peoples most enduring judgments about what is good and bad in life are called attitudes.

answer

False

question

Most people retain what percentage of what they hear immediately after listening?

answer

25 percent

question

Transforming ideas and thoughts into messages is called

answer

encoding

question

A speech should be practiced at least how many times?

answer

six

question

The study of moral conduct, or how people should act toward one another, is termed

answer

ethics

question

It isn't necessary that all main points support the speech's thesis.

answer

False

question

Facts, statistics, testimonies, and narratives are all examples of

answer

supporting material

question

To demonstrate the nature and significance of a problem and provide justification for the proposed solution, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?

answer

problem-solution

question

Topics that involve time lines or a series of sequential steps require the chronological pattern of arrangement.

answer

True

question

Once the speaking outline is complete, the speaker should transfer its ideas to the working outline.

answer

False

question

If a speech consists of a story or series of short stories, which pattern of organization is the speaker using?

answer

narrative

question

Eye contact is not very important to the successful delivery of a speech.

answer

False

question

Which of the following outlines uses a partial construction of the sentence form of each point?

answer

phrase

question

One way that a speaker can leave a lasting impression on listener is to incorporate oral language that is artfully arranged and infused with rhythm. One device that helps a speaker accomplish this specific purpose is

answer

personification

question

A speech introduction is designed to

answer

arouse the audience's attention and motivate the audience to accept the speaker's goals.

question

Love is a rose is an example of a simile.

answer

False

question

To explain the physical arrangement of a place, a scene, or an object, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?

answer

spatial

question

Speakers frequently base their startling statements on

answer

statistics

question

Listeners prefer complex language over simple language in a speech.

answer

False

question

The first challenge faced by the speaker in the introduction of the speech is to win the audience's

answer

attention

question

A well-organized speech is characterized by

answer

unity, coherence, and balance

question

In the speaking outline, the introduction and conclusion are among the main points.

answer

False

question

Extemporaneous speeches are carefully planned and practiced in advance and are then delivered from a key-word or phrase outline.

answer

True

question

An effective conclusion should always

answer

make the speech memorable

question

It is not necessary to compile a list of sources while preparing your outline.

answer

False

question

A conclusion gives the speaker the opportunity to drive home his or her purpose and a final chance to reinforce the main points of the speech.

answer

True

question

To describe a series of developments in time or a set of actions that occur sequentially, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?

answer

chronological

question

Irony refers to endowing abstract ideas or inanimate objects with human qualities.

answer

False

question

An example of a pronoun that is commonly overused in a sexiest manner is

answer

question

His character plays a rocking, rolling, roaring, raging role. This statement best illustrates which of the following techniques?

answer

alliteration

question

In conclusion, the speaker should not reiterate the topic and speech purpose.

answer

False

question

Generally, the introduction should be brief and no more than ___ percent of the speech body.

answer

10 to 15

question

A speaker should avoid using expressions that are

answer

cliches

question

The summary portion of the speech conclusion should not

answer

mention each supporting point of the speech

question

Which of the following outlines is an in-process document to be revised and rearranged until the speaker is satisfied with the speech content?

answer

working

question

An analogy compares an unfamiliar concept to a more familiar one in order to increase audience understanding of the unfamiliar concept.

answer

True

question

The body of a speech consists of

answer

main points, supporting points, and transitions

question

Which of the following expresses the speech goal?

answer

specific speech purpose

question

Certain organizational formats may be better suited to certain cultures.

answer

True

question

Speakers whose volume is too ____ are viewed less positively than those who project their voices at a pleasing volume.

answer

monotone

question

The formal name for speaking from memory is

answer

oratory

question

Warrants that appeal to the audience's emotions are called _____ warrants.

answer

substantive

question

Which type of delivery falls somewhere between impromptu and memorized?

answer

extemporaneous

question

Speaking from a manuscript

answer

is useful when precise messages are required.

question

The rhetorical proof by emotion is termed

answer

pathos

question

According to Aristotle, rhetorical proof consists of

answer

logos, ethos, and pathos

question

Which type of delivery worries speakers because they have little time to gather their thoughts and achieve composure?

answer

impromptu

question

An argument consists of

answer

a claim, evidence, and warrants

question

The method if speech delivery that is most flexible for the speaker and preferred by listeners is

answer

extemporaneous speaking

question

After Bill practiced his speech in front of his friends, they informed him that he often said "um" and "er." To change this distracting pattern, Bill set a goal of himself to replace his vocal fillers with

answer

slight pauses

question

Grayson delivered an informative speech on romantic relationships. He focused on the stages of relationship formation. What type of informative speech is this an example of?

answer

a process

question

The Chicago Bulls were the best NBA team of the 1990s. This statement is a claim of

answer

value

question

Warrants that rely on an audience's beliefs about the credibility or acceptability of a source of evidence are termed ____ warrants.

answer

authoritative

question

Which nonverbal behavior is most important in maintaining the quality of directness in speech delivery?

answer

eye contact

question

The word impromptu means

answer

improvised and unpracticed.

question

I should be paid $50 for mowing the lawn because this lawn is worth $50. This statement is an example of

answer

begging the question

question

A definition by word origin is called

answer

definition by etymology

question

A three-part argument consisting of a general case, a specific case, and a conclusion is called

answer

a syllogism

question

When a speaker is alert to the audience's ___, he or she can respond to it and make the audience feel respected and recognized.

answer

feedback

question

Although the audience did not pay close attention to Claire's speech message, they were influenced by her professional attire and her reputation as a dedicated social worker. According to the elaboration likelihood model, which of the following swayed the audience to think positively about Claire?

answer

peripheral processing

question

One key to achieving effective vocal variety is

answer

enthusiasm

question

We should disregard Steven Bryan's ideas concerning muscle cars, because Steven Bryan is an idiot. This statement is an example of

answer

an ad hominem arguement

question

Pitch is

answer

the range of sounds a speaker's voice produces from high to low.

question

Buck gave a persuasive speech about why people should assist the homeless in his city in order to prevent crime. According to Maslow, this speech appealed to which basic need?

answer

safety

question

the rising and falling of voice pitch across phrases and sentences

answer

intonation

question

Defining, describing, demonstrating, and explaining are all related to

answer

informative speaking

question

Effective speech delivery should be of of the following:

answer

natural, enthusiastic, confident, and direct

question

The Chicago Bulls were the winningest NBA team of the 1990s. This statement is a claim of

answer

fact

question

The goal of informative speaking is

answer

to increase audience understanding and awareness by imparting knowledge

question

Students who earn an A average on all speech assignments should be exempt from the final exam. This statement is a claim of

answer

policy

STUDY

Beliefs Health Care Policy Higher Level Cognitive Occupational Therapy Purpose And Meaning

OTPF 3/Client Factors/ Examples/Categories – Flashcards 13 terms

Andrew Hubbs

13 terms

Preview

OTPF 3/Client Factors/ Examples/Categories – Flashcards

question

According to the OTPF 3, client factors include:

answer

(1) Values, beliefs, and spirituality (2) Body functions (3) Body structures that reside within the client that influence the client's performance in occupations

question

Values, beliefs, and spirituality are:

answer

Client's perceptions, motivations, and related meaning that influence or are influenced by engagement in occupations.

question

Examples of values are:

answer

Person - Honesty with self and others. Group - Fairness. Population - Equal opportunities for all and tolerance toward others.

question

Examples of beliefs are:

answer

Person - One is powerless to influence others. Hard work pays off. Group and Population - Some personal rights are worth fighting for.

question

Examples of spirituality are:

answer

Person - Daily search for purpose and meaning in one's life. Group and Population - Common search for purpose and meaning in life. Guidance of actions by values agreed on by the collective.

question

The categories of body functions are:

answer

- Mental (Specific and Global) - Sensory - Neuromusculoskeletal and movement related (Muscle and Movement) - Cardiovascular, Hematological, Immunological, and Respiratory System - Voice and Speech - Digestive, Metabolic, Endocrine System, Genitourinary, Reproductive - Skin and related structure functions

question

Examples of specific mental functions are:

answer

- Higher-level cognitive - Attention - Memory - Perception - Thought - Mental functions of sequencing complex movement - Emotional - Experience of self and time

question

Examples of global mental functions are:

answer

- Consciousness - Orientation - Temperament and Personality - Energy and Drive - Sleep

question

Examples of sensory functions are:

answer

- Visual - Hearing - Vestibular - Taste - Smell - Proprioceptive - Touch - Pain - Sensitivity to temperature and pressure

question

Examples of neuroskeletal and movement related functions are:

answer

- Joint Mobility - Joint Stability

question

Examples of muscle functions are:

answer

- Muscle Power - Muscle Tone - Muscle Endurance

question

Examples of movement functions are:

answer

- Motor Reflexes - Involuntary movement reactions - Control of voluntary movement - Gait Patterns

question

The categories of body structures are:

answer

- Nervous System - Eyes, Ear, and Related Structures - Voice and Speech - Cardiovascular, Immunological, and Respiratory Systems - Digestive, Metabolic, and Endocrine Systems - Genitourinary and Reproductive Systems - Skin and Related - Movement Related

STUDY

Beliefs Cognitive Hypothesis Testing Therapy

Cognitive Therapy, Chapter 10 – Flashcards 65 terms

Andrew Hubbs

65 terms

Preview

Cognitive Therapy, Chapter 10 – Flashcards

question

Cognitive Therapy (CT) developed by

answer

Aaron Beck

question

Term Cognitive Therapy is often used as

answer

a general label for several systems that emphasize the role of cognition in dysfunction and intervention

question

If you follow the writing of the Becks

answer

very clear, you will see that there is a very clear, pure version of CT, which is what I present in this chapter.

question

Beck turned his attention to

answer

psychiatry and was classically trained as a psychoanalyst

question

Beck's clinical work informed

answer

his theoretical development, he began to notice that his clients had thoughts during free association that they did not report. Most of these thoughts had to with the analytic relationship (what the therapist that about the client - transference) and they were associated with the client's current emotional state

question

Human nature

answer

neutral position, humans are organisms who adapt to the environment

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CT theory as constructivist because

answer

it recognizes that a critical aspect of human existence is the creation of meaning from experiences

question

Beck saw his theory as

answer

the great integrator - "one" psychological theory that can explain all others

question

Roots of the theory lie in both

answer

behavioral and psychoanalytic approaches

question

CT is mostly a theory of

answer

psychology dysfunction, because it originated as a theory of depression

question

The Cognitive Model

answer

our emotions and behavior are the product of our perception or situations - the way you think affects the way you feel

question

Cognition means

answer

the process and the content of thinking, or how you think and what you think

question

Three levels of cognitive process

answer

1. automatic or preconscious - consists of thoughts and other cognitive organizations that are based in survival processes that are largely out of awareness 2. conscious - what we normally think of as thinking 3. metacognitive - ability to think about our thought process

question

Schemas

answer

are cognitive structures that organize the barrage of information with which we are constantly confronted

question

Like REBT this is very important in CT

answer

Beliefs

question

Beliefs are

answer

important components of schema and , as critical targets of CT

question

Two types of beliefs

answer

1. Core beliefs - schemas contain our core beliefs, which are the most basic beliefs we hold and are thought to be the hardest to modify 2. Assumptions, rules , and attitudes - also known as intermediate beliefs, are situated between core beliefs and automatic thoughts. These beliefs include "should" and "must" beliefs as well as conditional beliefs that are influential in creating meaning from experience

question

Automatic Thoughts (ATs)

answer

normal feature of our cognitive process, they are swift, evaluative statements or images that exist alongside our more conscious thoughts, they tend to occur in shorthand, rather than in full sentence form, and often seem to just pop up out of nowhere

question

Modes

answer

networks of cognitive, affective, motivational, and behavioral schemas that compose personality and interpret ongoing situations

question

Three types of Modes

answer

1. Primal - most basic kinds of operation and function to meet the evolutionary goals of survival, procreation, and sociability, because they are so basic they operate rapidly and automatically, the four primal modes are - threat, loss or deprivation, victim, and self-enhancement (see book for more details on page 323) 2. Constructive - developed primarily through life experience and serve to increase the life resources available to the individual, they are associated with positive emotions and adaptive characteristics such as: A. the capacity for intimacy B. personal mastery C. creativity D. independence 3. Minor (most important) - tend to be under more conscious control than the other modes, they tend to be narrowly focused on situations and include everyday activities such as reading, writing, social interactions, and athletic or recreational activities

question

CT theorist conceptualize

answer

human functioning as the product of learning and genetics

question

As children we

answer

strive to make sense of our environments (including ourselves and others) and organize this information into "schemata"

question

Earliest versions of CT theory

answer

did not elaborate a theory of personality

question

Two general dispositions

answer

1. autonomy - emphasize mastery and independence and build self-esteem through achievement and control 2. sociotropy - find their self-worth in relations with others

question

CT versions of health would include

answer

information processing that allows the individual to meet his goals of survival, reproduction, and sociability

question

Healthy people

answer

do not rely on a lot of primary mode processing and do not show a lot distorted thinking, they have fairly good problem-solving skills

question

Regarding dysfunction

answer

there is no single "cause" of psychopathology

question

CT is best characterized as

answer

adaptive theory, it draws on evolutionary theory to locate the motivation for human behavior in two major evolutionary goals: 1. survival 2. reproduction

question

Basic needs or humans are

answer

preservation reproduction dominance sociability

question

Focus in most of CT theory is

answer

predictably, cognition

question

Cognitive distortions

answer

remain important theoretical constructs in CT theory (see page 327 for complete list)

question

Cognitive triad

answer

the depressive's negative views of the self, the world, and the future

question

Distorted thinking results from

answer

faulty schemas and their associated core beliefs

question

Formal assessment

answer

involves using standardized self-report inventories such as the "Beck Depression Inventory, Automatic Though Questionnaire, Dysfunctional Attitude Scale", however Beck Cognitive Insight Scale is the latest

question

Informal assessment

answer

also used

question

CT counselors are most interested in

answer

assessing their clients' thoughts, and they do this continually throughout therapy - "What was going through your mind?"

question

Cognitive assessment leads to

answer

a formal treatment plan

question

CT is characterized by

answer

a collaborative relationship between client and counselor

question

CT is different from other theories because

answer

it emphasizes a scientific approach, the relationship is said to be based on "collaborative empiricism" - client and counselor are co-investigators in the scientific study of the client's difficulties

question

Length of CT

answer

short term, 10-20 sessions

question

Counselors are

answer

an expert who teach the client about CT. In this way the relationship resembles that of doctor-patient

question

Client is

answer

a student who is expected to work hard to learn about CT, expected to devote energy to examining his thought process and to complete homework assignments

question

The goals of CT are

answer

identify and change faulty information processing and to modify beliefs that support psychological dysfunction to ones that are more adaptive

question

Beck advocates

answer

the flexible use of techniques, almost any ethical technique that attacks dysfunctional thought is appropriate, counselor and client agree on its use, it could be considered technically eclectic but not theoretically sound because we are gaining after dysfunctional thoughts

question

Both cognitive and behavioral

answer

are used in CT

question

Cognitive restructuring

answer

anything that changes client cognition

question

Considered essential in CT

answer

homework, do not let this go when client does not do homework

question

Tech: Questioning

answer

Ask the client questions such as, "What was going through your mind just now?" Socratic questioning - strategy of asking questions that prompt clients to examine distorted thoughts and dysfunctional beliefs and challenge them (what evidence supports or what evidence does not support this idea), ask when see strange non-verbals (emotional shift)

question

Tech: Downward Arrow

answer

therapist starts by examining thoughts relatively close to the "surface" and proceeds downward to core beliefs

question

Tech: Thought recording

answer

the client writes down and records various occurrences of ATs between counseling sessions, can be done through homework or in session

question

Tech: Behavioral experiments

answer

assignments that are tailored to a specific belief, for example if Mitchell has no fun at the beach he can then try surfing

question

Tech: Activity scheduling

answer

client creates a daily schedule to follow between therapy sessions, client may keep a record of daily activities, rate on a scale of 1 to 10 each activity

question

Tech: Graded tasks

answer

overwhelming task, the counselor and the client break down the task into smaller steps, client works on steps one at a time

question

Tech: Social skills training

answer

borrowed from behaviorism, teaching clients skills that promote harmonious and productive interactions with others, role play is used along with assertiveness training

question

Tech: Problem solving

answer

identifying and clarifying the problem, generating alternatives, evaluating the alternatives, implementing an alternative, and then assessing the utility of the new approach (dysfunctional beliefs)

question

Tech: Imagery

answer

when a client is having difficulty identifying ATs, the counselor can resort to using this or role play to vividly conjure up the problem situation. Turn off technique - clients have the ability to control their images

question

Tech: Role playing and other behaviorally oriented techniques

answer

aka behavioral rehearsal, can be used to help the client practice behaviors useful in social situations. Exposure is also used in CT particularly with clients who present with anxiety-related problems

question

Evaluation: It was attacked by

answer

behaviorists and psychoanalysts

question

Evaluation: Behaviorist

answer

Need to focus on behaviors

question

Evaluation: psychoanalysts

answer

cognitive is to surface level focus

question

Evaluation: CT appears

answer

simple to use, provides clear explanations for the problem and allows the use of a wide variety of techniques

question

Evaluation: Negative

answer

identifying cognitions (particularly ATs) is not as simple as it may seem, also too simple and mechanistic, ignores the client's emotions and history in favor of the client's thinking, relative neglect of environmental factors and influences in CT theory may be problematic when working with culturally and individual diverse individuals

question

Evaluation: Positive

answer

not difficult to research, leads to outcome research, collaborative nature of the CT relationship. appeals to minority clients

question

Evaluation: CT assumes

answer

the individual is largely responsible for his own fate; this individualistic outlook may clash with collectivistic values

question

Evaluation: Counselors should

answer

be careful to incorporate any critical sociocultural factors in their CT case formulation

STUDY

Beliefs Counseling Psychology Psychoanalysis Rational Emotive Therapy Self Defeating Thoughts Therapy

Albert Ellis Active-Directive Rational Behavior Therapy (REBT) – Flashcards 8 terms

Claire Forth

8 terms

Preview

Albert Ellis Active-Directive Rational Behavior Therapy (REBT) – Flashcards

question

REBT is what form of therapy?

answer

Cognitive Behavioral; change your thinking and you can change your life

question

REBT Men are disturbed not by things, but............

answer

of the view which they take of them.

question

REBT Irrational beliefs are replaced with?

answer

Rational beliefs

question

REBT Uses the ABC or ABCDE model of personality....

answer

A=activating event B=clients belief system C=emotional consequence D=counselor disputes the irrational belief at B E=new emotional consequence that occurs when B becomes rational

question

REBT When humans have an innate tendency to think in an irrational, illogical, unscientific manner this is thought to be?

answer

Self-talk or internal verbalizations

question

REBT Shoulds, oughts, musts, terriblizing, and awfulizing are considered?

answer

irrational thoughts

question

REBT Active directive form of therapy utilizing lots of homework?

answer

Bibliotherapy and rational imagery

question

REBT approach does not emphasize feelings or client relationship and may be too.....

answer

complex for those with psychosis or though disorders.

STUDY

Beliefs Church Theology

Theology III – Chapter 4 Crossword – Flashcards 48 terms

Chad Lipe

48 terms

Preview

Theology III – Chapter 4 Crossword – Flashcards

question

An oily, resinous substance which the Church mixes with olive oil for use as chrism.

answer

Balsam

question

Confirmation strengthens, intensifies, and deepens the _ we were given at Baptism.

answer

Graces

question

A bishop may appoint a _ to represent him if he is unable to attend a Confirmation.

answer

Person

question

At Confirmation we are more perfectly bound to the _.

answer

Church

question

This gift of the Spirit helps us keep our priorities straight.

answer

Wisdom

question

This gift of the Spirit enables us to give God true worship and praise.

answer

Piety

question

Adults usually receive the Sacraments of Initiation at the _ Vigil.

answer

Easter

question

This gift of the Spirit is the courage to stand up for one's beliefs.

answer

Fortitude

question

He permitted children to receive First Communion at the age of seven.

answer

Pope Pius X

question

A name that means "anointed one."

answer

Christ

question

People who gave their lives for their faith.

answer

Martyrs

question

He taught that through Confirmation we become soldiers of Christ.

answer

Bonaventure

question

He called the single celebration of Confirmation and Baptism a "double sacrament."

answer

Cyprian

question

The Holy Spirit is the source of _ among Christians.

answer

Unity

question

Perfumed oil used for anointing.

answer

Chrism

question

The chair in a bishop's cathedral.

answer

Cathedra

question

The Sign of _ demonstrates ecclesial communion with the bishop.

answer

Peace

question

The age of _ is the age at which a person becomes capable of moral reasoning.

answer

Discretion

question

When _ are baptized they receive all three Sacraments of Initiation at the same time.

answer

Adults

question

God spoke through this prophet: "I will give you a new heart and place a new spirit within you."

answer

Ezekiel

question

This gift of the Holy Spirit helps us know about God and the Church's teachings.

answer

Knowledge

question

The ritual of anointing signifies and imprints a spiritual _.

answer

Seal

question

_ blessed Joshua as he commissioned him to lead the people into the Promised Land.

answer

Moses

question

The sponsor's duty is to see the confirmed person act as a true _.

answer

Witness

question

This Church council used the name Confirmation on an official list of the Seven Sacraments.

answer

Lyons

question

Jesus promised his disciples that the Holy Spirit will _ them what to say when they gave persecution.

answer

Teach

question

The gift of the _ of the _ helps us to be receptive to the generous presence of God in our lives.

answer

Fear; Lord

question

The original minister of Confirmation.

answer

Bishop

question

They encourage baptismal _ to act as Confirmation sponsors.

answer

Godparents

question

Confirmation imprints an indelible mark on our _.

answer

Soul

question

The Holy Spirit came to the Apostles on _.

answer

Pentecost

question

Since Old Testament times the Spirit of the Lord has been associated with the hoped-for _.

answer

Messiah

question

The candidates publicly renew their baptismal _ before the bishop.

answer

Promises

question

This gift of the Spirit helps us to see the bigger picture.

answer

Understanding

question

A candidate for Confirmation.

answer

Confirmand

question

The oil used in Eastern churches.

answer

Myron

question

The _ Intercessions are prayers of petition for the sake of others.

answer

General

question

The gift of the Spirit by the laying on of hands is the completion of the grace of _.

answer

Baptism

question

Among ancient Israelites, olive oil was a sign of abundance and _.

answer

Joy

question

The Church requires adequate preparation and _ for the reception of Confirmation.

answer

Instruction

question

The Feast of _ commemorates the forty years the Jews spent in the desert.

answer

Tabernacles

question

The Paraclete or "helper" who will live in us and guide us to truth.

answer

Advocate

question

This gift of the Spirit helps us make the best decisions, based on the desire to do God's will.

answer

Counsel

question

The Book of _ is the source of the traditional Gifts of the Holy Spirit.

answer

Isaiah

question

The _ of Confirmation is continual and ongoing.

answer

Effect

question

This parable illustrates different ways we may or may not be united with Christ.

answer

Sower

question

The laying on of _ is a gesture that is a main rite and origin of Confirmation.

answer

Hands

question

The celebration of Confirmation ordinarily takes place at _.

answer

Mass

STUDY

Audience Analysis Beliefs Open Ended Questions Speech

Test 2: Chapter 6 Analyzing the Audience – Flashcards 31 terms

Aiden Boyd

31 terms

Preview

Test 2: Chapter 6 Analyzing the Audience – Flashcards

question

The primary purpose of speechmaking is to

answer

gain a desired response from listeners.

question

Audience-centeredness involves keeping your audience foremost in mind at

answer

every step of speech preparation and presentation.

question

True/False: Adapting your message to the needs of a particular audience means that you must inevitably compromise your beliefs.

answer

false, Feedback: You can remain true to your beliefs while adapting your message to the needs of a particular audience.

question

True/False: One key to successful speaking is to determine which audiences are worthy of your best efforts to communicate your ideas.

answer

false, Feedback: One key to successful speaking is to consider every audience as worthy of your best efforts to communicate your ideas.

question

According to your textbook, the tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being is called

answer

egocentrism

question

The process of creating a bond with listeners by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences is called __________ by communication scholars.

answer

identification

question

major factors in demographic audience analysis? (4 answers)

answer

gender, age, group membership, and sexual orientation

question

True/False: Taking account of your listeners' racial, ethnic, or cultural background is an important factor in situational audience analysis.

answer

False, Feedback: Taking account of your listeners' racial, ethnic, or cultural background is an important factor in demographic--rather than situational--audience analysis.

question

According to your textbook, what is a factor in situational audience analysis?

answer

the size of the audience

question

When gauging your audience's disposition toward the speech topic, you should take into account their (3 answers)

answer

interest, knowledge, and attitude toward the topic.

question

True/False: As a general rule, the larger your audience is, the more formal your speech presentation should be.

answer

True

question

Questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers are called ____________ questions.

answer

scale

question

"Do you think gun control is a workable solution to the problem of violence in U.S. schools?" is an example of a(n) ____________ question.

answer

open-ended

question

Mayor Kathleen Baldwin has been asked to address the Wakefield Community Association about the issue of constructing a swimming pool in the neighborhood. The most important factor Baldwin should consider when analyzing her audience is probably its

answer

attitude toward the topic

question

Dr. Kristin Lutz is preparing an informative talk about Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome for an audience of expectant parents. The most important factor Dr. Lutz should consider when analyzing her audience is probably its

answer

knowledge of the topic, Feedback: Because of the technical nature of Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome, the most important factor Dr. Lutz should consider when analyzing her audience is its knowledge of the topic.

question

What are the five factors to consider in situational audience analysis?

answer

the size of the audience. the physical setting in which the speech occurs. the audience's disposition toward the topic, speaker, and occasion.

question

Why is it important to assess your listeners' level of knowledge about your speech topic?

answer

If your listeners know little about your topic, you will have to talk at a more elementary level. If they are reasonably well informed, you can take a more technical and detailed approach.

question

As the leader of a fund drive to create a new city museum, you have been invited to address a local civic group. In this situation, it is not possible to administer an audience-analysis questionnaire. How can you get information about your audience to use in planning your speech?

answer

asking the person who invites you to speak to provide a sketch of the group you will be addressing and where you can learn more about the history and purpose of the group. asking someone who has spoken to the group about his or her knowledge of the group. checking the Internet to see if you can find information about the group.

question

define audience-centeredness

answer

keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation

question

define identification

answer

speakers seek to create a bond with the audience by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences

question

define egocentrism

answer

the tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being

question

define demographic audience analysis

answer

audience analysis that focuses on demographic factors, such as age, gender, religious orientation, group membership, and racial, ethnic, or cultural backround

question

define stereotyping

answer

assuming that all members of the group are alike

question

define situational audience analysis (5 answers)

answer

Analysis focusing on Size, Physical setting, Disposition of audience toward speaker, topic, and occasion

question

define attitude

answer

a frame of mind in favor of or opposed to a person, policy, belief, institution, ect.

question

define fixed-alternative questions

answer

questions that offer a fixed choice between two or more alternatives

question

define scale questions

answer

questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers

question

define open-ended questions

answer

questions that allow respondents to answer however they want

question

define exigence

answer

"an imperfection marked by urgency" -- a defect that causes one to speak

question

define constraints

answer

limitations and opportunities for what can be said and how audiences shift back and forth

question

define audience

answer

those with an interest and ability to to react to exigence. Can be moved, persuaded to act or change.

STUDY

Audience Analysis Beliefs Linguistics Open Ended Questions Speech

Chapter 6, Analyzing the Audience – Flashcards 54 terms

Matthew Carle

54 terms

Preview

Chapter 6, Analyzing the Audience – Flashcards

question

_____ is keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation.

answer

audience-centeredness

question

Obama's speech points up an important fact: Good public speakers are _______

answer

audience-centered

question

The primary purpose of a speech is to gain a _________ from listeners.

answer

desired response

question

List questions you need to keep in mind to be audience-centered.

answer

a. To whom am I speaking? b. What do I want them to know, believe, or do as a result of my speech? c. What is the most effective way of composing and presenting my speech to accomplish that aim?

question

Effective speakers seek to create a ____ with their listeners by emphasizing ______ and ______. Communication scholars call this process ___________.

answer

a. bond b. common values c. experience d. identification

question

Think in advance about your listener's _____, ______, ____, ______.

answer

a. background b. interests c. their level of knowledge regarding the speech topic d. their attitude regarding your stance on the topic.

question

The best classroom speeches are those that take the _______ audience as _______ as a lawyer, politician, a minister, or an advertiser takes an audience.

answer

a. classroom b. seriously

question

At the least you show _____ for your listeners.

answer

respect

question

At the most you could make a real difference in their ______.

answer

lives

question

Any topic that you handle conscientiously can influence your listeners - can enrich their experience, broaden their knowledge, perhaps change their views about something important.

answer

True

question

_______ is the tendency of people to be concerned above all with with their own values, beliefs, and well-being

answer

egocentrism

question

The speaker must make the audience choose to pay ______

answer

attention

question

Every speech contains _____ messages - the one ____ by the speaker and the one ________ by the listener.

answer

a. two b. sent c. received

question

What a speaker says is filtered through a listener's ________

answer

a. frame of reference

question

______ is a sum of listener's needs, interests, expectations, knowledge and experience.

answer

frame of reference

question

Because of frame of reference, we _____ and ______ to speeches not as they are , but as ____

answer

a. listen b. respond c. we are

question

People hear what they want to ______ and they ______ the rest.

answer

a. hear b. disregard

question

People want to hear things that are ______ to them.

answer

meaningful

question

People are ________

answer

egocentric

question

egocentric

answer

thinking only of oneself, without regard for the feelings or desires of others; self-centered.

question

They pay closest attention to ______ that affect their ____ values, beliefs, and well-being.

answer

a. messages b. own

question

Listeners approach speeches with one question uppermost in mind

answer

Why is this important to me?

question

One of the ways speakers _______audiences is by looking at ________ traits such as age; gender; religion; sexual orientation; group membership; racial; ethnic, or cultural background; and the like. This is called ______

answer

a. analyze b. demographic c. demographic audience analysis

question

Demographic audience analysis consists of two steps:

answer

a. identifying the general demographic features b. guaging the importance of those features to a particular speaking situation.

question

_______ involves creating an ______ image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are _____.

answer

a. Stereotyping b. oversimplified c. alike

question

Examples of stereotyping :

answer

a. All African Americans are athletic or that b. All Asians excel in science.

question

Always combine ________ audience analysis with _________ audience analysis.

answer

a. demographic b. situational

question

List major demographic factors you should consider:

answer

a. age b. gender c. religion d. sexual orientation e. racial, ethnic, and cultural background f. group membership

question

Whenever you speak on a topic with _______, be sure to consider the _______ of your listeners. Doing so can help you avoid potentially _______ pitfalls.

answer

a. religious dimension b. religious orientations c. embarrassing

question

____ as well as ______

answer

a. partners b. spouses

question

Other demographic factors:

answer

a. occupation b. economic position c. social standing d. education e. intelligence f. place of residence

question

Classroom speech :

answer

a. academic majors b. years in school c. extracurricular activities d. living arrangements e. job aspirations

question

The most important thing to keep in mind about demographic audience analysis is that it is not _____

answer

an end in itself

question

Your aim is not just to list the ____ of your listeners, but to find in those traits _____ about how your listeners will ______ to your speech. Once you have done that you are ready to move on to the next stage of audience analysis.

answer

a. major traits b. clues c. respond

question

__________ audience analysis builds on _____ analysis

answer

a. Situational b. Demographic

question

___________ analysis identifies traits of the audience unique to the speaking situation at hand. These traits include ____ of the audience, the _____ setting, and the _______ of the audience toward the subject, the speaker, and the occasion.

answer

a. Situational b. size c. physical d. disposition

question

The ______ the audience the more _____ your presentation must be.

answer

a. larger b. formal

question

_______ audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech, and the disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker , and the occasion.

answer

Situational

question

Don't be influenced ______ by the poor physical setting.

answer

yourself

question

If your audiences see that you are ____, ___, and ______ with your topic, chances are they will forget their discomfort and come right along with you.

answer

a. energetic b. alert c. involved

question

Disposition/mentality towards the topic:

answer

a. interest b. knowledge c. attitude

question

List ways to generate interest about a topic among audienec

answer

a. use arresting introduction b. proactive supporting materials c. vivid language d. dynamic delivery e. visual aids, and so forth.

question

If your listeners know _____ about your topic - whether or not they find it interesting - you will have to talk at _____ level. If they are reasonably _______, you can take a ______ and ____

answer

a. little b. elementary c. well informed d. more technical e. detailed approach

question

______ is a frame of mind in favor of or opposed to a person, policy, belief, institution, etc.

answer

attitude

question

When you are invited to speak, the ______ will usually say how much time you have for your talk.

answer

chairperson

question

Three major types of questions to choose from when developing an audience-analysis questionnaire are:

answer

a. fixed-audience questions b. scale questions c. open-ended questions

question

_____ questions that offer a fixed choice between two or more alternatives.

answer

fixed-alternative questions

question

______ questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answer

answer

scale questions

question

______ questions that allow respondents to answer however they want.

answer

open-ended questions

question

Things to keep in mind when you are creating a questionnaire:

answer

a. plan the questionnaire carefully to elicit precisely the information you need. b. use all three types of questions- fixed-alternative, scale, and open-ended. c. make sure the questions are clear and unambiguous d. keep the questionnaire relatively brief.

question

There are two major stages in the process of audience adaptation. The first occurs ____ the speech, as part of your speech ______ and rehearsal. The second occurs _____ the presentation of the speech itself.

answer

a. before b. preparation c. during

question

You must keep your ______ in mind at _____ stage of speech preparation.

answer

a. audience b. every

question

Keeping in mind means. 1) ______ how your audience is likely to respond to what you say in your speech, and 2) ______ what you say to make it clear, appropriate, and convincing as possible.

answer

a. accessing b. adjusting

question

At every point you must ______ how your audience will respond.

answer

anticipate

STUDY

Beliefs Connections With Others Culture

Daily Oral Geography Week 30 – Flashcards 10 terms

Lucas Davies

10 terms

Preview

Daily Oral Geography Week 30 – Flashcards

question

What is having to do with a group of people sharing the same national origins, language, or culture?

answer

ethnic

question

What does "varied" mean?

answer

diverse

question

What are any of the five political divisions of New York City?

answer

borough

question

What is a harbor where ships can dock or anchor safely?

answer

port

question

What were the first people to settle in New York called?

answer

tribes of Algonquian Indians

question

Which borough has the largest population?

answer

Brooklyn

question

Which borough is north of Manhattan and is chiefly a residential area?

answer

Bronx

question

Which borough has the smallest population?

answer

Staten Island

question

Which borough has the largest land area?

answer

Queens

question

Which borough has the smallest land area and is the oldest?

answer

Manhattan

STUDY

Beliefs Ethics Insurance Matter

Philosophers and their arguments – Flashcards 49 terms

Ember Wagner

49 terms

Preview

Philosophers and their arguments – Flashcards

question

, The Ethics of Belief

answer

William Clifford

question

Truth is Subjective

answer

Soren Kierkegaard,

question

The Wager

answer

Blaise Pascal,

question

, The Will to Believe

answer

William James

question

, Harmony of Reason...

answer

Thomas Aquinas

question

The Reformed Objection...

answer

Alvin Plantinga,

question

Experience, Proper Basicality...

answer

Robert Pargetter,

question

Sophisticated Theist

answer

William Hasker, ...

question

Classical Cosmological...

answer

Thomas Aquinas,

question

Kalam Cosmological...

answer

William L. Craig,

question

Critique of the Cosmological...

answer

J. L. Mackie,

question

rejects strong foundationlisism but excepts weak foundationlism- no edict structure- all theists have one...he argues a set of propositions that conjoined--we except as foundation a base ( foundation from where beliefs are formed )

answer

Plantiga

question

Believes Each human has a "strong propensity or inclination toward belief in God. So the unbeliever is in an "epistemicaly" substandard position

answer

Plantiga

question

Rejects natural theology saying 1. not necessary 2. should not-avail ourselves to them--but have faith 3. they do not work

answer

Plantiga

question

His argument hinges on the idea that access to the evidence for whether or not certain beliefs are true depends crucially upon first adopting those beliefs without evidence. As an example, he argues that it can be rational to have unsupported faith in one's own ability to accomplish tasks that require confidence. Importantly, He s points out that this is the case even for pursuing scientific inquiry. He then argues that like belief in one's own ability to accomplish a difficult task, religious faith can also be rational even if one at the time lacks evidence for the truth of one's religious belief

answer

Will to Believe - William James

question

talks about a "genuine" choice. Any choice which merits this name for James must meet three criteria: be live be forced be momentuous

answer

Will to Believe - William James

question

Thesis: When we have a genuine option that cannot be decided solely on intellectual grounds, our passional nature must be allowed to rule. Empiricists don't know when they have found truth while the absolutist do. Although we're born with absolutist attitudes, we should overcome this weakness and strive for the empiricist attitude of continually searching for the truth. You have more to lose by fearing error in the matter of genuine option than you have to gain. Our will is bound to play a part in the formation of our opinions.

answer

Will to Believe - William James

question

he argues that "subjectivity is truth" and "truth is subjectivity." What he means by this is that most essentially, truth is not just a matter of discovering objective facts. While objective facts are important, there is a second and more crucial element of truth, which involves how one relates oneself to those matters of fact. Since how one acts is, from the ethical perspective, more important than any matter of fact, truth is to be found in subjectivity rather than objectivity.

answer

Soren Kierkegaard,

question

represents a radical version of fideism in which faith not only is higher than reason but, in a sense, opposes it. Faith, not reason, is the highest virtue a human can reach; -, faith is necessary for the deepest human fulfillment.

answer

Soren Kierkegaard, subjectivity is truth

question

argues that there is something fundamentally misguided in trying to base one's religious faith on objective evidence or reason. It is both useless (it won't work) and a bad thing (it detracts one from the essential task of growing in faith). He then goes on to develop a theory of subjectivity wherein faith finds an authentic home.

answer

Kierkegaard , subjectivity is truth

question

he argues: Every belief must be based on sufficient evidence -No belief exists for the good of any particular individual alone, but for the sake of the public good -they all contribute to the common network of beliefs -thus, they all contribute to binding humans together and directing their cooperative actions -But if so, then every belief, no matter how seemingly insignificant, can have an impact on the lives of others Every person has this duty to believe only upon sufficient evidence

answer

William Clifford , ethics of belief

question

argues that is is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence.

answer

William Clifford , ethics of belief

question

(P1) We have an epistemic obligation to possess sufficient evidence for all of our beliefs; (P2) We have a moral obligation to uphold our epistemic obligations; (C) Thus, we have a moral obligation to possess sufficient evidence for all of our beliefs.

answer

William Clifford , ethics of belief

question

an argument against theism. His argument can be reconstructed as follows: 1. There is insufficient evidence for the belief that God exists. 2. "It is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence." ("Clifford's Credo") C. It is wrong to believe that God exists.

answer

William Clifford , ethics of belief

question

he compares plantinga's description of how many theists believe in God to the way in which Obi-Wan Kenobi believed in the Force.

answer

pargetter , Experience, Proper Basicality, and belief in God

question

3 defeaters - Problem with evil , plurality of religions , projective psychological explanation. flaw making the move from individual level to whole level he says we need natural theology - because of these 3 defeaters all arguments which explains things as they are ....theistic or non-theistic world view

answer

Hasker - Sophisticated Theist

question

talks about holistic evaluation - claim has to be read in the context of ones whole life. the claim of proper basicallity for belief in God, grounded in experience, will depend ultimately on reliable persons having such experiences in circumstances which do not under mind their reliability, and for the resulting systems of beliefs to fare well on holistic evaluation for rationality.

answer

pargetter , Experience, Proper Basicality, and belief in God

question

faith and reason are compatible - twofold nature of truths Truths that can be known about God though Human reason/ Natural Rationally -Available but limited ( he is , He is powerful, worthy of worship) - Natural Theology - all thinking and rational people can know certain things about God Nature , the way the cosmos is , 09:04 - Cannot know everything through revelation (Natural) Other truths - Special Revelation - truths not available to reason alone - above reason special revelation - God's Word, Miracles ,

answer

Thomas Aquinas - Relationship between Faith and Reason

question

Values - Three values - We are called to something higher We have to have a higher reason for God than reason alone - not rational power alone Don't be so presumptions that your rational powers are able to wrap up God alone Special revelation about God is needed because ...only a small group of people would have time and capacity to learn about God through natural revelation alone

answer

Relationship between Faith and Reason - Aquinas

question

Core beliefs 33:04 - Human beings are inherently religious. 33:20 - Human beings are never religiously neutral. 33:37 - The thinking of the unbeliever is distorted ( the fall)

answer

Fideism

question

Presents a case for strong rationalism. It is simply and morally wrong for anyone to believe anything without sufficient evidence. Everyone who accepts a belief should do so on the basis of reason and evidence.

answer

William Clifford

question

Rejecting both fideism and neutralism (foundationalism), makes his case for critical dialog in which we rationally test our religious beliefs even though we recognize our inability to conclusively prove them.

answer

Stephan Evans

question

Proposes a thought experiment: Suppose we have no evidence whatsoever concerning the existence or non-existence of God. Under these conditions, which belief should we accept? The believer has nothing (or little) to lose and everything to gain. Good sense and reason require that we should believe in God, even in the absence of evidence for or against this belief.

answer

Blaise Pascal

question

Argues that there are some truths about God that can be learned through human reason, and others that are known only through revelation.

answer

Thomas Aquinas

question

Under certain circumstances, it is perfectly proper to make decisions about belief and unbelief based on our "passional nature." Where adequate evidence is available, we should follow it. There are times—when clear-cut evidence is not available—that beliefs can (and should) reasonably be formed.

answer

William James

question

an example of fideism

answer

Kierkegaard

question

An example of foundationalism

answer

William Clifford

question

The human being is not able to reach a full comprehension of the divine substance through its natural power. Thus, some truths about God exceed the ability of human reason. It is presumptuous for the human being to think that he is capable of knowing all that there is to know about God through rationality alone.

answer

Thomas Aquinas

question

Presents the analogy of a ship owner who sends to sea a ship that he suspects may be unseaworthy and who is, thus, culpable for the deaths of the passengers.

answer

William Clifford

question

Regarding the choice that either God exist or He does not exist: "If you gain, you gain all; if you lose, you lose nothing. Wager, then, without hesitation that He is."

answer

Blaise Pascal

question

The thesis the author defends is: "Our passional nature not only lawfully may, but must, decide an option between propositions, whenever it is a genuine option that cannot by its nature be decided upon intellectual grounds; for to say under such circumstances, 'Do not decide but leave the question open,' is itself a passional decision—just like deciding yes or no—an attended with the same risk of losing the truth."

answer

william James

question

In summary, "it is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone to believe anything upon insufficient evidence.

answer

William Clifford

question

Presents relational analogies to support the case that our non-intellectual nature does influence our beliefs and con

answer

William James

question

Detached, objective inquiry is inappropriate on religious matters. "It is the passion of the infinite that is the decisive factor and not its content, for its content is precisely itself. In this manner, subjectivity and the subjective 'how' constitute the truth." Truth is "an objective uncertainty held fast in an appropriation-process of the most passionate inwardness."

answer

Soren Keirkegaard

question

Taking the best of fideism & neutralism How can we test our basic religious beliefs?

answer

Stephan Evans

question

Critical dialog is important to a robust religious faith

answer

Stephan Evans

question

we begin by accepting and acknowledging our own commitments and convictions but are read and willing to test them by critical reflection and vigorous dialog with those whose commitments are different than our owns.

answer

Stephan Evans

question

Stephan's Critique of fideism

answer

Is internally self-justifying The problem of religious pluralism Eliminates rational reflection If we accept theism, then we should accept human rationality and its use as a gift from God

question

Stephan's Critique of neutralism

answer

Is it possible to be rational & completely neutral? Is neutralism desirable even as an ideal? neutralist insist that rational thought be presuppositonaless

STUDY

Beliefs Religion Sociology Of Religion Trends

Is secularisation occurring? A2 sociology essay plan. Beliefs. 17 terms

Josephine Mack

17 terms

Preview

Is secularisation occurring? A2 sociology essay plan. Beliefs.

question

Secularisation according to Wilson

answer

The process whereby religious institutions, beliefs and practices lose their social significance

question

Crocket

answer

In 1851 it is estimated that 40% of adults attended church on Sundays

question

Wilson

answer

Found in 2005 that only 6.3% of the adult population attended church on sundays

question

Operationalise

answer

To make something measurable

question

The English Church Census

answer

Found that attendance and membership of large organisations such as the Catholic Church and the Church of England have declined

question

Davie

answer

Believing without belonging / people can make the personal choice not to attend church but retain their faith

question

Bibby

answer

In Canada 25% of Canadians attended regularly but 80% said they had religious beliefs and turned to religion for rites of passage

question

Hervieu-Leger

answer

Spiritual shopping + personal choice: pilgrims and converts

question

Lynd

answer

Religious diversity and choice erodes absolutism. In 1924 94% of young people agreed with the statement \"Christianity is the one true religion.\" By 1977 only 41 percent agreed

question

Heelas and Woodhead

answer

Spiritual Revolution rise of new age beliefs and a decline in traditional christianity. Identify two groups: the congregational domain (traditional Christianity) and the Holistic Milieu (spirituality and new age beliefs)

question

Stark and Bainbridge

answer

Religious market theory. People are naturally religious and the overall demand for religion remains constant. Marketisation of religion, competing for customers increases quality of religion. Places where one religion has a monopoly encourages a decline in standards and therefore a decline in religious believers. It is human nature to seek out rewards and avoid costs. Religion provides compensators.

question

Weber

answer

Disenchantment and Rationalisation. // The God of the gap was more prevalent in older times but now scientific discoveries are beginning to fill those gaps in knowledge instead the devine fallacy loses influence as people no longer have to look to God for answers

question

Norris and Inglehart

answer

Rejects religious market theory as it only applies to the USA and it fails to explain the variations of religiosity between different societies

question

Beckford

answer

Religious Market Theory fails to explain how people are naturally religious

question

Lyon

answer

Re-enchantment is occurring due to a growth in spirituality and unconventional beliefs

question

Lyon

answer

Jesus in disneyland: growth of consumerism means that religion is now a product found in wider society and is relocating from churches to the internet and television. Televangelism enables people to express their faith without attending Church

question

Below 2%

answer

Church attendance in 2016

STUDY

Behavior Beliefs Change Your Mind Credit Card Debt Emotions Personality

Personal Growth 120: Chapter 6 – Gaining Self-Awareness Practice Quiz 30 terms

Suzette Hendon

30 terms

Preview

Personal Growth 120: Chapter 6 – Gaining Self-Awareness Practice Quiz

question

Leverrier predicted that an invisible planet was pulling the planet Uranus off its predicted course around the sun. Likewise, human beings are pulled off course by the invisible forces of their _____.

answer

Unconscious minds

question

Many people sabotage their goals and dreams by unconsciously choosing actions, thoughts, and/or emotions that get them off course from their goals and dreams. (T/F)

answer

True

question

When Creators are off course, they tend to deny it, make excuses, blame others, or give up. (T/F)

answer

False

question

One characteristic of Creators is they are able to recognize and acknowledge when they are off course. (T/F)

answer

True

question

The story of Jerome, the accounting student, illustrates that once a person has a clear goal he will not get off course. (T/F)

answer

False

question

Eric Berne, the creator of a mode of counseling called Transactional Analysis, referred to our invisible inner forces as . . .

answer

Scripts

question

As part of our script, each of us has developed three kinds of habit patterns: behaviors, thoughts, and emotions. (T/F)

answer

True

question

Our habit patterns are motivated by our unconscious core _____.

answer

Beliefs

question

We seem to create our scripts as a result of . . .

answer

a. How others responded to us b. What significant adults said to us c. Observing the behavior of significant adults in our lives

question

The purpose of our scripts is to maximize our pain and minimize our pleasure. (T/F)

answer

False (The opposite is true)

question

Diana, the student in the author's writing course, had a script from her childhood that said her brain didn't work well. (T/F)

answer

True

question

When our core beliefs about ourselves, about other people, or about the world are inaccurate, they can sabotage our success. (T/F)

answer

True

question

Diana's core beliefs about her inability to think caused her to hear what she expected to hear rather than what her teacher actually said. (T/F)

answer

True

question

Although it is not easy, human beings can revise their limiting beliefs and change their self-defeating habit patterns. (T/F)

answer

True

question

The parts of our scripts that are available to our conscious minds are our patterns of self-defeating actions, thoughts, and emotions. By revising these three patterns we can help revise our limiting core _____.

answer

Beliefs

question

Hard skills are the special-knowledge skills that you've learned to do throughout your life: for example, swimming, writing, solving math problems, building a house, creating a budget, backpacking, playing chess, and reading. (T/F)

answer

True

question

Soft skills are the ones you have developed to cope with life: for example, making choices as a Creator, motivating yourself, being industrious, developing relationships, and believing in yourself. (T/F)

answer

True

question

The Holland Code is an inventory of personal preferences that can assist you in understanding your outdated scripts. (T/F)

answer

False

question

If you have not yet declared a major, where can you go on campus to take one of the inventories recommended in On Course?

answer

The Career Center

question

Becoming aware of the match between _____ improves your chances of finding a satisfying career match.

answer

Your interests and your personality

question

According to psychologist Virginia Satir, we are all living by rules, though we may not be aware of them. (T/F)

answer

True

question

All of the unconscious rules that we live by need to be revised. (T/F)

answer

False (some of our unconscious rules are helpful)

question

The author of On Course has polled thousands of college instructors who identify three behaviors that their most successful students do consistently. Which of the following is NOT one of these top three behaviors of successful students (though it may be a good rule nonetheless)?

answer

Seek help from tutors However, three success rules you should observe: Rule 1: I show up Rule 2: I do my best work Rule 3: I participate actively

question

At Baltimore City Community College, a study found that, on average, the more classes that students missed, the higher their grades were, especially in introductory courses. (T/F)

answer

False

question

A personal rule is your conscious intention. You may need to break one of your rules if something of a higher _____ conflicts with it.

answer

Value

question

Three factors determine how well you score on tests: preparation, test-taking skills, and prior feedback. (T/F)

answer

True

question

Test scores are not a good way of determining if you are off course. (T/F)

answer

False

question

Visualizing yourself successfully taking a test prepares you to think, feel, and act positively during that test. (T/F)

answer

True

question

It's a good idea to forgo a full night's sleep before a test and use every available minute for preparation. (T/F)

answer

False

question

Before you begin answering questions on a test, take a few minutes to preview it. (T/F)

answer

True

STUDY

Attention Attitudes Bait And Switch Beliefs Cause And Effect Culture Marketing Marketing And Sales

Chapter 9 Writing Persuasive Messages – Flashcards 30 terms

Ewan Knight

30 terms

Preview

Chapter 9 Writing Persuasive Messages – Flashcards

question

Persuasion

answer

the attempt to change someone's attitudes, beliefs, or actions

question

Demographics

answer

the age, gender, occupation, income, education, and other quantifiable characteristics of the people you're trying to persuade

question

Psychographics

answer

personality, attitudes, lifestyle, and other psychological characteristics

question

Motivation

answer

the combination of forces that drive people to satisfy their needs

question

Persuasive Message

answer

most persuasive messages use the indirect approach for persuasive business messages, the choice between indirect/direct depends on the extent of your authority, expertise, or power within an organization

question

AIDA

answer

Attention Interest Desire Action

question

Attention

answer

your 1st objective is to encourage your audience to want to hear about your problem, idea, or product. Find common ground

question

Interest

answer

Provide additional details that prompt audience members to imagine how the solution might benefit them

question

Desire

answer

help audience members embrace your idea by explaining how the change will benefit them and answering potential objections

question

Action

answer

suggest the specific action you want your audience to take. Include a deadline, when applicable.

question

Emotional Appeal

answer

calls on feelings or audience sympathies

question

Logical Appeal

answer

based on the reader's notions of reason; these appeals can use the analogy, induction, or deduction

question

Analogy

answer

reason from specific evidence to specific evidence, borrowing from something familiar to explain something unfamiliar

question

Induction

answer

work from specific evidence to a general conclusion.

question

Deduction

answer

work from generalization to a specific conclusion

question

Avoid Hasty Generalizations

answer

have plenty of evidence before drawing conclusions

question

Avoid Circular Reasoning

answer

you try to support your claim by paraphrasing it

question

Avoid Attacking an Opponent

answer

attack argument, not character

question

Avoid Oversimplifying a Complex Issue

answer

don't reduce a complex issue to a simple either/or statement

question

Avoid Faulty Analogies

answer

make sure the analogy holds

question

Avoid Mistaken Assumptions of Cause and Effect

answer

you can't isolate the impact of a specific factor, you can't assume that its the cause of whatever effect you're discussing

question

Avoid

answer

-using a hard sell: don't push, noone likes being pressured into making a decision -Resisting Compromise: you don't always get everything you ask for -Relying Solely on Great Arguments: be sure to not have dry logic and add emotional appeal/vivid language Do not assume persuasion is a one-shot effort, but understand it is a process instead.

question

Persuasive Requests for Action

answer

open with hook and show readers that you understand their concerns use interest/desire sections of your message to show you have good reason for making requests Close with a request for specific action and make that course of action as easy to follow as possible for a positive response goals: to gain credibility for yourself/request and to make readers believe that helping you will solve a problem

question

Persuasive Presentation of Ideas

answer

sometimes the objective of persuasive messages is simply to encourage people to consider a new idea

question

Persuasive Claims/ Request for Adjustments

answer

begin: outlining the problem and reviewing what has been done so far Next: give your reader a good reason for granting your claim Close: on a respectful note that ensures a postive beneficial working relationship

question

Marketing Messages

answer

ushering potential buyers through the purchasing process without asking them to make an immediate decision

question

Sales Messages

answer

encouraging potential buyers to make a decision then and there

question

Planning Marketing/Sale Messages

answer

assessing audience needs analyzing your competition determining key selling points(most attractive features of a product) and benefits(what the user experiences or gains) Anticipate Purchase Objection

question

Writing Conventional Marketing/Sale Messages

answer

get the readers attention building interest increasing desire motivating action

question

Promo Messages for Social Media

answer

facilitate community building listen as much as you talk Initiate/respond to conversations within community provide info people want identify/support your champions be real integrate AIDA at the right time/place

STUDY

Beliefs Perception Psychology

Humor in Interpersonal Communication – Flashcards 14 terms

Tilly Wilkinson

14 terms

Preview

Humor in Interpersonal Communication – Flashcards

question

Humor message

answer

Messages that are intended and/or perceived as amusing or funny

question

Humor as Positive

answer

Makes you more likable, easy to get along with

question

Humor as Negative

answer

Humorous Person is perceived as always joking, perhaps couldn't maintain a higher management position

question

Script Opposition

answer

The ability to simultaneously consider two schemas that are incongruous, discrepant, or unexpected.

question

Affliative Type of Humor

answer

Other-directed/positive type of humor

question

Self-enhancement type of humor

answer

Self-directed/positive type of humor

question

Aggressive type of humor

answer

Other-directed/Negative type of humor

question

Self-defeated type of humor

answer

Self-directed/ Negative type of humor

question

2 components of Humor Production

answer

1. Ability to perceive opportunity for humor 2. Ability to enact a message humorously

question

3 components of Humor Support

answer

Joke competence, Humor competence, Human appreciation

question

Common techniques of Humor Production

answer

1. Saying too little 2. Saying too much 3. Exaggeration 4. Being ambiguous/obscure

question

Contextual Cue/Play Frame

answer

Sends a message saying "this is not serious. (Change in Vocal pattern, laughing, smiling)

question

Risks of Humor

answer

Being thought of as socially adapt, a lack of intelligence. Not being known as management material. Overall, not taken seriously.

question

Reasons people flout

answer

To create and maintain close bonds, to be playful, to enforce social norms, to put others down, to send message directly.

STUDY

Beliefs Computer Architecture Philosophy Thinking

Philosophy chapter 1 homework – Flashcards 44 terms

Malcolm Bright

44 terms

Preview

Philosophy chapter 1 homework – Flashcards

question

Chapter 1 Exercises 1-1; all

answer

...

question

1. What is an argument?

answer

An argument consist of 2 concepts: one part of which the premise(s) is intended to provide a reason for accepting the other part (the conclusion).

question

2. T/F? A claim is what you use to state an opinion or a belief?

answer

True! claim = when a belief (judgement, opinion) is asserted in a declarative sentence, the result is a claim or statement. (beliefs are the same as judgments and opinions)

question

3. T/F? Critical thinking consists in attacking other people's ideas.

answer

False!

question

4. T/F? Whether a passage contains an argument depends on how long it is.

answer

False

question

6. T/F? All arguments have a premise.

answer

True! All arguments have a premise! But an argument also needs at least ONE premise. Without a premise, you have NO SUPPORT for the conclusion and so you don't have an argument.

question

7. T/F? All arguments have a conclusion

answer

True! Arguments ALWAYS have a conclusion!

question

8. T/F? You can reach a conclusion without believing it is true.

answer

? TRUE?

question

9. T/F? Beliefs, judgments, and opinions are the same thing.

answer

TRUE!

question

10. T/F? All opinions are subjective.

answer

FALSE! SOME opinions are NOT SUBJECTIVE because their truth or falsity is INDEPENDENT of what people think.

question

11. T/F? All factual claims are true.

answer

True

question

12. "There is nothing either good or bad or bad but that thinking makes it so" expresses a doctrine known as _____________?

answer

Moral subjectivism

question

13. The first order of business when it comes to thinking critically about an issue: (a) to determine whether the issue is subjective or objective (b) to determine whether the issue can be resolved (c) NEITHER OF THESE

answer

Answer: C neither of these To determine what the issue is

question

14. T/F? The conclusion of an argument states a position on an issue.

answer

False! **The premise of an argument does!

question

15. T/F? Issues can be resolved only through scientific testing.

answer

False

question

16. T/F? Critical thinking is a foolproof way of avoiding errors in thinking.

answer

False.

question

17. T/F? The claim "Death Valley is an eyesore" is subjective.

answer

true!

question

18. T/F? Every issue requires an argument for a resolution.

answer

False!

question

19. Which one of thee doesn't belong? (a) therefore (b) consequently (c) thus (d) since (e) so

answer

(d) SINCE; does not belong

question

20. T/F? It is not possible to reason correctly if you do not think critically.

answer

True!

question

Exercise 1-5 (chapter 1); 1,4,7,8

answer

Some of these items are arguments, and some are not. divide them up correctly!

question

1. Federer is unlikely to win the U.S. Open this year. He has a nagging leg injury, plus he just doesn't seem to have the drive he once had.

answer

This is an argument!

question

4. Everybody is saying the president earned the Nobel Prize. What a stupid idea! He hasn't earned it all. There's not a lick of truth in that notion.

answer

NO Argument!

question

7. professor X: well, I see where the new chancellor wants to increase class sizes. Professor Y: Yeah, another of his bright idea did not finish..

answer

No argument here!

question

8. Yes, I charge a little more than other dentists. But I fell I give better service. So I think my billing practices are justified.

answer

I don't think its an argument?? it is subjective

question

Excersise 1-6 (chapter 1); 1,4,7

answer

*arguments? *identify arguments conclusion

question

1. The directory of Intentional communities lists more than 200 groups across the country organized around a variety of purposes, including environmentally aware living.

answer

No argument!

question

4. Computers will never be able to converse intelligently through speech. A simple example proves this. The sentences "How do you recognize speech?" and "How do you wreck a nice beach?" have different meanings, but they sound similar enough that a computer could not distinguish between the two.

answer

argument! whose conclusion is that computers will never be able to converse intelligently through speech.

question

7. Fears that chemicals in teething rings and soft plastic toys may cause cancer may be justified. Last week, the consumer product safety commissioner issued a report confirming that low amounts of DEHP, known to cause liver cancer in lab animals, may be absorbed from certain infant products.

answer

Argument! whose conclusion is that chemicals in teething rings and soft plastic toys cause cancer.

question

Exercise 1-7 (chapter 1); 1, 4 ,7 9

answer

identify which letter item best states the primary issue

question

answer

Primary issue: (a) whether Hank ought to take the math course.

question

answer

Primary issue: (c) whether the mainstream media have lost interest in classical music.

question

answer

Primary issue: (b) whether the defeat of the school voucher initiative was bad for the country.

question

answer

Primary issue: (b) whether what we believe is agreeable to reason.

question

Exercise 1-12 (chapter1); 1,4,5,7

answer

Which best states the PRIMARY ISSUE. Why do you think it is the correct one?

question

answer

Primary issue: (a) whether the catholic church;s influence was greater on women than on men in pre-civil war Spain.

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Primary issue: (e) None of the above the issue is whether the US should realize that reliance on imprisonment is not an effective method of reducing crime. (reliance = certainty based on past experience)

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Primary issue: (b) whether the fact that 100 deaths have been linked to tasers shows that the superintendent did the right thing by asking the police to not use tasers on children.

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Primary issue: (e) non of the above the issue is whether it is surprising that the winner of this year's spelling bee is a straight A student whose favorite subject is science.

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Exercise 1 -13 (chapter 1); 1,3,4

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on what issue is the speaker taking a position in each of these?

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whether Police brutality happens often.

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whether (gender) women of a supreme court justice handle cases differently due to their gender bias.

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Whether we have good reason to believe the would is independent of our minds.

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Whether it is the case that you should sign up for lessons on how to use a synthesizer if you buy one.

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