speech 1 – Flashcard
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Organize your thoughts logically, tailoring your message to your audience, telling a story for maximum impact, and adapting to listener feedback are A. Differences between Public speaking and conversations B. Messages C. Similarities between Public speaking and conversations D. Channels
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c
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__________ is more highly structured, more formal language, and requires a different method of delivery. A. Public Speaking B. Conversations C. Channels D. Messages
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a
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Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience. A. Visualization B. Stage fright C. Positive nervousness D. Adrenaline
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b
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A hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress. A. Visualization B. Stage fright C. Positive nervousness D. Adrenaline
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d
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Controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation. A. Visualization B. Stage fright C. Positive nervousness D. Adrenaline
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c
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Mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation. A. Visualization B. Stage fright C. Positive nervousness D. Adrenaline
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a
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Focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion. A. Speaker B. Stage fright C. Critical thinking D. Adrenaline
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c
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The person who is presenting an oral message to a listener. A. Speaker B. Message C. Critical thinking D. Channel
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a
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Whatever a speaker communicates to someone else. A. Speaker B. Message C. Critical thinking D. Channel
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b
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The means by which a message is communicated. A. Speaker B. Message C. Critical thinking D. Channel
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d
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The person who receives the speaker's message. A. Feedback B. Listener C. Frame of Reference D. Channel
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b
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The sum of a person's knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. No two people can have exactly the same frame of reference. A. Feedback B. Listener C. Frame of Reference D. Channel
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c
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The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker. A. Feedback B. Listener C. Frame of Reference D. Channel
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a
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Anything that impedes the communication of a message. Interference can be external or internal to listeners. A. Situation B. Ethnocentrism C. Interference D. Channel
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c
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The time and place in which speech communication occurs A. Situation B. Ethnocentrism C. Interference D. Channel
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a
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The belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures. A. Situation B. Ethnocentrism C. Interference D. Channel
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b
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Public speaking has been taught and studied for thousands of years. True/ False
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true
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Because people have different frames of reference, a public speaker must take care to adapt her or his message to the particular audience being addressed. True/ False
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true
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It is normal--even desirable--to be nervous at the start of a speech. True/ False
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true
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Listeners usually realize how tense a speaker is. True/ False
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false
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Because each person has a different frame of reference, the meaning of a message will never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker. True/ False
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true
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The branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs. A. Ethics B. Ethical Decisions C. Bill of Rights D. Name-calling
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a
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Sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards of guidelines. A. Ethics B. Ethical Decisions C. Bill of Rights D. Name-calling
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b
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The use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups. A. Ethics B. Ethical Decisions C. Bill of Rights D. Name-calling
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d
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The first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution. A. Ethics B. Ethical Decisions C. Bill of Rights D. Name-calling
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c
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Presenting another person's language or ideas as one's own. A. Patchwork Plagiarism B. Incremental Plagiarism C. Plagiarism D. Global Plagiarism
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c
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Stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own. A. Patchwork Plagiarism B. Incremental Plagiarism C. Plagiarism D. Global Plagiarism
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d
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Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own. A. Patchwork Plagiarism B. Incremental Plagiarism C. Plagiarism D. Global Plagiarism
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a
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Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people. A. Patchwork Plagiarism B. Incremental Plagiarism C. Plagiarism D. Global Plagiarism
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b
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To restate or summarize an author's ideas in ones's own words. A. Hearing B. Listening C. Paraphrase D. Global Plagiarism
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c
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While listening to a speech about gun control, Scott thought back to his experiences as an intern with the police department and decided that the speaker was knowledgeable about the subject. Scott was A) missing the message due to the error of ethnocentrism. B) sending feedback about the message to the speaker. C) filtering the message through his frame of reference. D) empowering the speaker to make a change in the world.
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c
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Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches? A) Be prepared to fail in your first few speeches. B) Tell the audience how nervous you get when speaking. C) Work especially hard on your speech introduction. D) All of the above
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c
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Speechmaking becomes more complex as cultural diversity increases. True/ False
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true
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Avoiding ethnocentrism means that public speakers should A) show respect for the cultures of the people they address. B) assume that their personal values are shared by all the audience. C) agree with the beliefs of all groups and cultures. D) all the above.
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a
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Because speechmaking is a form of power, it carries with it heavy ____________ responsibilities. A) ethical B) psychological C) sociological
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a
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In public speaking, sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against A) a set of ethical standards or guidelines. B) the practicality of taking that course of action. C) a set of legal criteria for acceptable speech. D) the speaker's goals in a given situation.
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a
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Even though there can be gray areas when it comes to assessing a speaker's goals, it is still necessary to ask ethical questions about those goals. A) True B) False
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a
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Which of the following violates the speaker's ethical obligation to be honest in what she or he says? A) juggling statistics B) quoting out of context C) citing unusual cases as typical examples D) all of the above
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d
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The larger the audience becomes, the greater is the ethical responsibility of the speaker to be fully prepared. A) True B) False
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b
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Gabrielle, a physiology major, waited until the last minute to begin preparing her persuasive speech. When her friend Ken learned that she was panicking over the assignment, he gave her the outline of a speech he had delivered in class the previous semester. Gabrielle used the speech and presented it as her own. A) Gabrielle is guilty of no ethical offense because Ken willingly gave her his speech. B) Gabrielle is guilty of patchwork plagiarism because she took her speech entirely from a single source and passed it off as her own. C) Gabrielle is guilty of global plagiarism because she took a speech entirely from a single source and passed it off as her own. D) Gabrielle is guilty of incremental plagiarism because she took ideas or language from two or three sources and passed them off as her own.
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c
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Protecting a speaker's freedom to express his or her ideas implies agreement with those ideas. A) True B) False
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b
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The vibration of sound waves on the eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain. A. Hearing B. Listening C. Paraphrase D. Global Plagiarism
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a
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Paying close attention to, and making sense of, what we hear. A. Hearing B. Listening C. Paraphrase D. Global Plagiarism
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b
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Listening for pleasure or enjoyment. A. Appreciative Listening B. Comprehensive Listening C. Critical Listening D. Emphatic Listening
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a
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Listening to provide emotional support for a speaker. A. Appreciative Listening B. Comprehensive Listening C. Critical Listening D. Emphatic Listening
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d
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Listening to understand the message of the speaker. A. Appreciative Listening B. Comprehensive Listening C. Critical Listening D. Emphatic Listening
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b
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Listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it. A. Appreciative Listening B. Comprehensive Listening C. Critical Listening D. Emphatic Listening
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c
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The difference between the rate people talk (120 to 150 words a minute) and the rate at which the brain can process language (400 to 800 words a minute). A. Key-word outline B. spare "brain time" C. Critical Listening D. Active Listening
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b
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Giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand the speaker's point of view. A. Key-word outline B. spare "brain time" C. Critical Listening D. Active Listening
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d
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An outline that briefly notes a speaker's main points and supporting evidence in rough outline form. A. Key-word outline B. spare "brain time" C. Critical Listening D. Active Listening
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a
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People spend more time listening than in any other communicative activity. A) True B) False
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a
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Hearing and listening are identical. A) True B) False
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b
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Because the brain can process many more words per minute than we talk, this spare "brain time" makes listening easier. A) True B) False
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b
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At a coffee shop on campus, Rachel listens to her friend Shanti discuss his feelings about his mother's recent death. According to your textbook, Rachel is engaged in ____________ listening. A) active B) empathic C) appreciative D) critical
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b
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A speech written out word for word and read to the audience. A. nonverbal communication B. manuscript speech C. Extemporaneous speech D. Impromptu speech
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b
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Good delivery is an ____?
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art
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A speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation. A. nonverbal communication B. manuscript speech C. Extemporaneous speech D. Impromptu speech
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d
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A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes. A. nonverbal communication B. manuscript speech C. Extemporaneous speech D. Impromptu speech
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c
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The loudness or softness of the speaker's voice. A. Rate B. Pitch C. Volume D. Pause
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c
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The highness or lowness of the speaker's voice. A. Rate B. Pitch C. Volume D. Pause
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b
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The speed at which a person speaks? A. Rate B. Pitch C. Volume D. Pause
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a
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A momentary break in the vocal delivery of a speech? A. Rate B. Pitch C. Volume D. Pause
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d
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The accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words in a given language. A. Articulation B. Pronunciation C. Dialect D. Gestures
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b
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The physical production of particular speed sounds. A. Articulation B. Pronunciation C. Dialect D. Gestures
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a
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A variety of a language distinguished by variations of accent, grammar, or vocabulary. A. Articulation B. Pronunciation C. Dialect D. Gestures
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c
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Motions of a speaker's hands or arms during a speech? A. Articulation B. Pronunciation C. Dialect D. Gestures
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d
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Good delivery does not call attention to itself. True/false
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true
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_______________ is based on a person's use of voice and body, rather than on the use of words. A) Informal communication B) Subjective communication C) Nonverbal communication D) Direct communication
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c
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When accuracy is essential and a speech must be delivered word for word, ____________ delivery is most appropriate. A) impersonal B) manuscript C) ceremonial
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b
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Speakers who lack vocal variety are said to speak in a ___________. A) monotone B) monochord C) monogram
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a
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Sloppy ____________ is the failure to form particular speech sounds crisply and distinctly. A) representation B) phonetics C) articulation
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c
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In which of the following situations will the personal appearance of the speaker have an impact on the audience's perception of the speaker? A) a police officer presenting an educational talk B) a concerned citizen being interviewed on the news C) a lawyer addressing a jury D) all of the above
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d
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As your textbook explains, upon reaching the lectern to start a speech, you should A) begin speaking immediately. B) confess how nervous you are. C) make eye contact with your listeners. D) all of the above.
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c
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When you end your speech, you should A) maintain eye contact for a few moments after you stop talking. B) collect your notes and any visual aids you may have used. C) maintain a cool, collected demeanor as you return to your seat. D) all of the above.
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d
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The primary rule of using gestures in a speech is to gesture frequently and emphatically so listeners notice what you are doing. A) True B) False
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b
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One of the advantages of using the extemporaneous method of delivery is that it A) ensures precise choice of words. B) encourages conversational quality. C) requires only limited preparation. D) allows for better articulation.
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b
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When practicing your speech delivery, you should do all the following except A) record the speech to see how you sound. B) include delivery cues on your speaking outline. C) try to learn your speech word for word. D) practice in front of friends or family.
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c
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First place you should look for info for your speech: A. You B. Library C. Internet D. Interview
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a
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Types of examples: A. real, long, short B. brief, extended, hypothetical
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b
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The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kind are examples, statistics, and testimony. A. Supporting materials B. Example C. Brief example D. extended example
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a
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A specific case used to illustrate or to present a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like. A. Supporting materials B. Example C. Brief example D. extended example
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b
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A specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point. A. Supporting materials B. Example C. Brief example D. extended example
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c
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A story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point. A. Supporting materials B. Example C. Brief example D. extended example
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d
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A detailed thing that was developed during the process of speech preparation that includes the title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, subpoints, connectives, conclusion, and bibliography of speech. A. Visual framework B. bibliography C. preparation outline D. speaking outline
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c
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The pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that shows the relationships among the speaker's ideas. A. Visual framework B. bibliography C. preparation outline D. speaking outline
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a
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A list of all sources used in preparing a speech A. Visual framework B. bibliography C. preparation outline D. speaking outline
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b
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A brief outline used to jog a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speech. A. Visual framework B. delivery cues C. preparation outline D. speaking outline
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d
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Directions in a speaking outline to help a speaker remember how she or he wants to deliver key parts of the speech A. Visual framework B. delivery cues C. preparation outline D. speaking outline
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b
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A ____________ outline is a detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation. A) preliminary B) introductory C) preparation
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c
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A preparation outline should include A) a bibliography. B) research notes. C) delivery cues. D) all of the above.
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a
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A preparation outline should include A) a specific purpose statement. B) a central idea. C) connectives. D) all of the above.
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d
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The pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline shows the ____________ of the speech. A) visual framework B) indirect organization C) informal structure D) residual message
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a
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In a preparation outline, the most important ideas are placed farthest to the left and the less important ideas are placed progressively farther to the right. A) True B) False
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a
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In a preparation outline, you should state your main points in brief phrases. A) True B) False
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b
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A ____________ is a list of the sources used in preparing a speech. A) bibliography B) biography C) commentary
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a
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When selecting a title for your speech, you should avoid phrasing it as a question. A) True B) False
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b
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A ____________ outline is a brief outline used to jog a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speech. A) visual B) speaking C) final
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b
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When preparing a speaking outline, you should A) include many details so you won't forget what to say. B) use complete sentences to ensure full development of ideas. C) give yourself cues for delivering the speech. D) all of the above.
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c
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In a preparation outline, main points are identified by capital letters. A) True B) False
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b
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In a preparation outline, main points and subpoints should be written as full sentences. A) True B) False
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a
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In a speaking outline, words such as "Pause," "Faster Here," and "Slow Down" are ____________ that help a speaker remember how she or he wants to present key parts of the speech. A) speech tags B) delivery cues C) stage directions D) oral guides
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b
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A speech title should A) be brief. B) encapsulate the main thrust of your speech. C) attract the attention of your audience. D) all of the above.
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d
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Which of the following is a correctly worded main point for a speech preparation outline? A) Bagpipes B) Did you know that the bagpipe is among the oldest of reed instruments? C) The history of the bagpipe dates to ancient Greece. D) Bagpipes: Ancient Air Instruments
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c
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Below are a main point and three subpoints from a preparation outline about body piercing. Which is the main point? A) A pierced tongue can result in loss of taste. B) A pierced tongue can result in an infection. C) Tongue-piercing can pose several hazards. D) A pierced tongue can result in chipped teeth.
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c
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Below is a main point, a subpoint, and two sub-suboints from a preparation outline about acoustical engineering. Which is the subpoint? A) Noise control is an issue both for indoor and outdoor settings. B) Indoors, noise control deals with everything from electric appliances to crowd noise at sports events and concerts. C) One major element in acoustical engineering is noise control. D) Outdoors, noise control deals with the sounds of nature as well as with the sounds created by modern technology.
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a
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Even though a speaking outline should be kept as brief as possible, you should usually write out quotations in full. A) True B) False
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a
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A question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud. A. rhetorical question B. credibility C. goodwill D. preview statement
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a
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A statement in the introduction of the speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body. A. rhetorical question B. credibility C. goodwill D. preview statement
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d
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The audience's perception of whether the speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic. A. rhetorical question B. credibility C. goodwill D. preview statement
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b
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The audience's perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind. A. rhetorical question B. credibility C. goodwill D. preview statement
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c
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A conclusion the generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement. A. crescendo ending B. credibility C. dissolve ending D. preview statement
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c
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A conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity. A. crescendo ending B. credibility C. dissolve ending D. preview statement
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a
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You should usually work out the exact wording of the introduction after you have finished preparing the body of your speech. True/False
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true
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If you were giving an informative speech on the subject of troglodytes, you would probably include a ____________ in your introduction. A) definition B) startling statement C) personal story D) narrative
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a
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As your textbook explains, even when you use other interest-arousing lures in a speech introduction, you should always ____________. A) startle the audience B) ask the audience a question C) relate the topic to the audience D) begin with a quotation
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c
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A ____________ ending is a type of speech conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement. A) restrictive B) dissolve C) crescendo
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b
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A ____________ identifies the main points to be discussed in the body of the speech. A) goodwill statement B) credibility statement C) transition statement D) preview statement
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d
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The conclusion should normally make up about 20 to 25 percent of your speech. True/False
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false
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____________ is the audience's perception of whether the speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic. A) Empathy B) Credibility C) Receptivity
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b
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An excellent way to give your speech psychological unity is to conclude by A) making a dramatic statement. B) quoting from a famous individual. C) reemphasizing your credibility. D) referring to the introduction.
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d
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When a speaker uses a ____________ ending, the speech builds in force until it reaches a zenith of power and intensity. A) crescendo B) commemorative C) cascade
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a
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When you advocate a highly unpopular position, it is particularly important to ____________ in the introduction of your speech. A) get the audience's attention B) establish goodwill toward the audience C) state your topic clearly and concisely D) preview the main points of the speech
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b
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Putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience. A. Main Points B. Strategic Organization C. Chronological order D. Spatial order
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b
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The major points developed in the body of a speech. Most speeches contain from two to five of these. A. Main Points B. Strategic Organization C. Chronological order D. Spatial order
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a
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A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern. A. Main Points B. Strategic Organization C. Chronological order D. Spatial order
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c
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A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern. A. Main Points B. Strategic Organization C. Chronological order D. Spatial order
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d
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A method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship. A. problem-solution order B. supporting material C. Causal Order D. topical order
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c
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A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem. A. problem-solution order B. supporting material C. Causal Order D. topical order
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a
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A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics. A. problem-solution order B. supporting material C. Causal Order D. topical order
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d
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The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds are examples, statistics, and testimony. A. problem-solution order B. supporting material C. Causal Order D. topical order
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b
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Review of last main point and preview of next main point. A. Internal transition B. Connective C. Internal Preview D. Internal Summary
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a
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A word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them A. Internal transition B. Connective C. Internal Preview D. Internal Summary
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b
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A statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next. A. Internal transition B. Connective C. Internal Preview D. Internal Summary
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c
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A statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point or points. A. Internal transition B. Connective C. Internal Preview D. Internal Summary
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d
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A very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas. A. Internal transition B. Connective C. Internal Preview D. signpost
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d
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Research shows that a well-organized speech can increase the speaker's competence and trustworthiness in the minds of listeners. True/False
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true
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____________ organization involves putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience. A) Logical B) Strategic C) Linguistic D) Formal
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b
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The ____________ is the longest and most important part of the speech. A) introduction B) body C) conclusion
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b
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It is important to know your main points before you begin researching your speech. True/False
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false
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Most speeches should have six to ten main points. True/False
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false
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The most effective order of main points in a speech depends on your A) topic, purpose, and audience. B) assignment, credibility, and research. C) supporting materials, connectives, and introduction. D) conclusion, reasoning, and background.
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a
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____________ order is a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern. A) Causal B) Chronological C) Spatial
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c
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____________ order results when you divide the speech topic into subtopics, each of which becomes a main point in the speech. A) Topical B) Structural C) Formal
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a
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According to your textbook, a ____________ is a word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them. A) link B) connective C) bridge
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b
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If the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? As I shall explain next, solving the problem of groundwater contamination involves two steps: limiting new development and requiring builders to use more efficient septic systems. A) transition B) internal summary C) internal preview D) paraphrase
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c
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As explained in your textbook, words or phrases that indicate when a speaker has completed one thought and is moving to another are called bridges. True/False
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false(transitions)
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Words such as "First," "Next," "Finally," and "Above all" are often used as ____________ to indicate where a speaker is in the speech or to help focus attention on key issues. A) transitions B) tags C) signposts
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c
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Questions are particularly effective as signposts because they invite subliminal answers and thereby get the audience more involved in the speech. True/False
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true
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According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? So far we have learned that Sor Juana was a Mexican nun who lived during the 17th century and that she was exceptionally educated for a woman of her time. A) transition B) internal summary C) internal preview D) paraphrase
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b
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Which organizational pattern would be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose, "To inform my audience about the four major elements in a landscape painting"? A) topical B) chronological C) causal
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a
