Micro Final – DNA Viruses – Flashcards

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question
What are the 6 families of DNA viruses?
answer
Parvo, papo, adeno, herpes, pox, hepadna
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What is the smallest DNA virus?
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Parvovirus
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What virus causes "slapped cheek fever"?
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Parvovirus
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What is the major parvovirus?
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B-19
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How are parvoviruses (B19) spread?
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Respiratory
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What virus causes Erythema Infectiosum?
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Parvovirus
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What is the pathogenesis of Parvovirus?
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Targets erythroid precursors
Binds to P antigen
-Febrile Stage (Infectious)
-Symptomatic Stage(Rash, arthralgia)
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What problem is caused by anemic patients being infected by parvovirus?
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Aplastic crisis- RBC precursors are depleted and RBC lifespan is shortened
-especially sickle cell patients
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What are 3 ways that B19 is spread and at what age is infection most common?
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Respiratory secretions,
Oral Secretions,
Across the placenta

Children 4-15
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Describe the clinical syndromes of B19 in children and adults:
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Children: fever, sore throat, malaise, slapped cheek rash that extends to extremities

Adults: arthralgia, arthritis, vasculitis
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What are the effects of B19 on pregnant women?
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Crosses placenta; severe hypoxic damage to heart, liver, and other tissues leading to edema and FETAL HYDROPS; stillbirth if fetus is too anemic
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What disease can B19 be confused with in pregnant women?
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Rubella
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What is the most common papovavirus, and what are the two lesser papovaviruses?
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HPV, BK, JC
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What is the structure of the B19 (parvovirus)virus?
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Single Stranded DNA; NAKED; Icosahedral
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What is the structure of Papovaviruses?
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Double Stranded DNA; NAKED; Icosahedral
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What does HPV cause?
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Plantar WARTS, papillomatous WARTS, laryngeal papillomas, genital WARTS, cervical cancer
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How does HPV enter the skin and how long does it take to develop?
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Breaks in skin or mucous membranes; 3-4 months
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What effect does HPV have on cell growth?
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STIMULATORY: Thickening of basal and prickle layers and stratum granulosum
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What are the most common wart-causing strains of HPV?
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HPV-1 and HPV-4
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What virus can cause head and neck tumors (oral and laryngeal papillomas)?
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HPV (6 and 11)
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What is Condylomata Acuminata?
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Ano/genital warts caused by HPV on the external genitals and perianal regions
-90% are HPV 6 and 11
-HPV 16 and 18 are associated with cervical cancer
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What causes cervical dysplasia and neoplasia, and what shows up on the pap smear in this case?
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HPV 16 and 18; KOILOCYTIC CELLS (perinuclear cytoplasmic vacuolization)
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What are the treatments for symptomatic HPV?
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Cryotherapy, electrocautery, chemical means and interferon
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What is BK virus and in what patient population do you see it?
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Hemorrhagic cystitis in renal and bone marrow transplant patients
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What is JC virus and in what patient population do you see it?
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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML); DEGENERATIVE BRAIN DISEASE;

Immunocompromised Patients
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What is the structure of adenoviruses?
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Double Stranded DNA; NAKED
PENTON FIBERS PENTON FIBERS PENTON FIBERS
PENTON FIBERS PENTON FIBERS PENTON FIBERS
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What cells are attacked by adenovirus?
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Epithelial cells lining oropharynx, resp. tract and enterics
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Where can adenovirus become latent?
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Lymphoid Tissue
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What are the common ways that adenovirus is spread?
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Fecal/oral; fingers; fomites; SWIMMING POOLS; classrooms; military
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What is the most common clinical presentation of adenovirus?
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Pink eye with pharyngitis- MIMICS STREP THROAT
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What is the common clinical presentation of adenovirus in military recruits?
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Cervical Adenitis
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What clinical syndromes are associated with adenovirus?
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Pink eye, pharyngitis, acute respiratory tract disease, laryngitis, croup, viral pneumonia
HOLY CRAP
epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, diarrhea, acute hemorrhagic cystitis, hematuria in young boys, genital and skin infections
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How is adenovirus diagnosed?
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ELISA, PCR, Fluoro Antibody Test
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What kind of vaccine is available for adenovirus?
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Live, oral, NON-ATTENUATED
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What is the structure of the poxviruses?
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LARGE, COMPLEX, LINEAR
Double-Stranded DNA; REPLICATES IN CYTOPLASM
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How is smallpox (variola major) spread?
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Inhalation: virus enters upper respiratory tract and disseminates via lymphatics= VIREMIA (5-17 day incubation period)
-after secondary viremia, the virus infects all dermal tissues and organs
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How does the rash distribution differ between smallpox and chickenpox?
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Smallpox are generally distributed more DISTALLY on the LIMBS and face; whereas chickenpox are distributed more PROXIMALLY on the trunk
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What are complications of the smallpox vaccine?
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Encephalitis, progressive infections
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Where does Orf come from, and how does it present?
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Pox virus of sheep and goats; single nodular lesion at the point of contact that MAY BE MISTAKEN FOR CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX
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Where does Monkeypox come from, and how does it present?
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Infected prairie dogs; similar to smallpox but MILDER and SWOLLEN LYMPH NODES

PRAIRIE DOGS, PRAIRIE DOGS, PRAIRIE DOGS
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What is Molluscum Contagiosum?
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A pox virus spread by contact
Typically an STD or in WRESTLERS
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How does Molluscum Contagiosum present?
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Nodular to wart-like lesions most commonly on trunk, genitalia, and extremities
-2-8 week incubation
CLUSTER OF 5-20 NODULES
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How is Molluscum Contagiosum diagnosed?
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CYTOPLASMIC INCLUSIONS IN EPITHELIAL CELLS
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How is Molluscum Contagiosum treated?
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Curettage; liquid nitrogen
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What is the structure of HBV (Hepatitis B Virus)?
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Small, enveloped DNA virus-
PARTIALLY double stranded- uses a reverse transcriptase and RNA intermediate during replication
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Where does hepatitis B replicate initially?
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In hepatocytes, without causing damage
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From the liver, where does hepatitis B go?
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It can cause viremia and spread to saliva, semen, blood, vaginal secretions, and MOTHER'S MILK
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How is Hepatitis B spread?
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Sexual contact, blood, or perinatal
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What type of cancer is caused by Hepatitis B virus?
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Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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What are the clinical symptoms of Hepatitis B virus in the acute stage?
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PRODROME: fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
ICTERIC STAGE: Jaundice, dark urine, pale stools
FULMINANT: Severe liver damage and bleeding (1%)
TYPE III Hypersensitivity because of HBsAG and Ab
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What are the clinical symptoms of Hepatitis B virus in the chronic stage?
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Increased liver enzymes, cirrhosis, liver failure, Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma (PHC)
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