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much insolation is reflected, absorbed and scattered by the atmosphere.

more aerosols

CFC-12 has a high relative greenhouse effect.

releasing 1 kilogram of methane would contribute more because methane has a greater relative greenhouse effect than 3 kilograms of carbon dioxide.

in winter, the ice and snow at high altitudes reflect more insolation than the ares do in summer without ice and snow. (or) the lower angles of incidence in winter result in more reflection of insolation by earth’s surface.

the sun’s rays are more direct on the southern slopes than on the northern slopes.

the sun is usually higher in the sky at the equator, therefore, the angle of incidence and heating are greater there.

the noontime shadows become shorter with the approach of the summer solstice.

earth’s average temperature decreased.

the industrial revolution, the growth in human population and the increased use of fossil fuels have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. the more greenhouse gases the more energy that is stored in the atmosphere, causing higher temperature at earth’s surface.

reducing the use of fossil fuels, planting more trees to absorb carbon dioxide from the air and reduce population.

the sun gave off less energy during the little ice age and it got colder in these areas.

snow and ice are good reflectors of insolation and the reflection caused by the increased ice and snow would result in less heating of earth’s surface and atmosphere.

dark colored aerosols deposited on land or ice would absorb more insolation and heat atmosphere and earth’s surface.

a) June.
b) 23.5° N.

the length of daylight at A is longer than at B.

click to show the drawing.

1- shadow will go to 45 degrees east.

2- the shadow after 3 hours will be longer.

click to show the drawing.