In this exercise, we must form sentences using the information given and conjugating the verbs in the present perfect.

Remember that to form the present perfect we must use the verb *haber* conjugated in the present tense and the past participle of the verb that we want to use.

1. The words given are: *Clara / to travel to Canada / plane.*

We must form the present perfect of the verb *viajar*. For this, we have to use the verb *haber* in the third person of the singular conjugated in the present tense (*ha*) and the past participle of the verb *viajar*, which when ending in -ar, we must change its ending to -ado.

|Spanish |English |
|–|–|
|Clara ha viajado a Canadá por avión. | Clara has traveled to Canada by plane.|

2. The words given are: *Roberto and me / ask for information / youth hostel*.

In this case, since the subject is Roberto and me, we have to use the verb *haber* conjugated in the present tense of the second person plural (*hemos*). In addition, the main verb is *pedir*, that when ending in -ir, we must change its ending to -ido to conjugate it in the past participle.

| Spanish|English |
|–|–|
| Roberto y yo hemos pedido información en el albergue juvenil. |Roberto and I have asked for information at the youth hostel. |

3. The words given are: *I / buy tickets / museum*.

We need to form the present perfect of the verb *comprar*.

First, we must use the present tense of the verb *haber* in the first personal singular (*he*). Then, we must conjugate the verb *comprar* in its past participle.

|Spanish |English |
|–|–|
|Yo he comprado entradas para el museo. | I have bought tickets for the museum.|

4. The words given are: *Jaime and Frida / call receptionist / ask for a key.*

In this case, as we are talking about Jaime and Frida, we have to conjugate the verb *haber* in the present tense of the third person plural (*han*). In addition, the main verb of the sentence is *llamar*, so we must conjugate it in the past participle.

|Spanish |English |
|–|–|
| Jaime y Frida han llamado a la recepcionista para pedirle la llave. |Jaime and Frida have called the receptionist to ask for the key. |

5. The words given are: *Luis and I / lose credit card / boarding house*.

Here again we have to conjugate the verb *haber* in the first person plural, since we are talking about Luis and me. We also have to conjugate the verb *perder* in the past participle, which since it ends in -er we must change its ending to -ido.

In this exercise, we must use the information given to write sentences that describe what the Gomez family has done on vacation.

For this, we will have to use conjugated verbs in the present perfect. In this case, the main verbs are irregular verbs in the past participle.

1. The words given are: *Marta / to write letters*.

In this case, we must use the verb *haber* conjugated in the third person singular in the present tense (*ha*). The main verb of the sentence is *escribir* (to write), which is an irregular verb in its past participle (*escrito*).

|Spanish |English |
|–|–|
|Marta ha escrito cartas. | Marta has written letters.|

2. The words given are: *The Messrs. Gómez / return to the hotel early.*

In this case, we must use the verb *haber* conjugated in the third person plural in the present tense (*han*). Also, the main verb in this sentence is *return* (*to return*). This verb has an irregular past participle, which *vuelto*.

|Spanish |English |
|–|–|
|Los señores Gómez han vuelto temprano al hotel. |The Messrs. Gómez have returnted to the hotel early. |

3. The words given are: *You / to see fishes*.

As in this sentence the main verb is *tú*, we need to use the verb *haber* conjugated in the present tense of the second personal singular (*has*). Also, the past participle of the main verb (*ver*) is *visto.*

| Spanish| English|
|–|–|
|Tú has visto peces. | You have seen fishes. |

4. The words given are: *Roberto and I / to make sand castles*.

Here we must use the verb *haber* conjugated in the first person plural (*hemos*), since we are talking about Roberto and I. Also, the main verb is *hacer*, which has an irregular past participle (*hecho*)

|Spanish |English |
|–|–|
|Roberto y yo hemos hecho castillos de arena. | Roberto and I have made sand castles.|

5. The words given are: *I / to put the towels on the sand.*

In this sentence, we must use the verb *haber* in the first person singular (*he*). Also, we need to conjugate the verb *poner* (to put) into the past participle, which is irregular (*puesto*).

| Spanish| English|
|–|–|
|Yo he puesto las toallas en la arena. |I have put the towels in the sand. |

In this exercise, the present perfect is practiced with verbs whose past participle is irregular.
We must use the words given in parentheses to form questions.

We must remember that we will ask Uncle Alberto the questions.

As the questions are directed to him, the verb *haber* will always be conjugated in the present tense of the third person plural (*has*).

1. The words given are: *(to see / the pictures)*.

The main verb of this question is *ver* (to see), whose past participle is *visto*. The question could be the following:

| Spanish|English |
|–|–|
| ¿Has visto las fotos que te mandé? | Have you seen the photos I sent you?|

2. The words given are: *(to put on / the jacket)*.

In this case, the past participle of the main verb (*poner* / to put) is irregular; this is *puesto*. The question could be the following:

|Spanish |English |
|–|–|
|¿Te has puesto la chaqueta que te regalamos? | Have you put on the jacket that we give you?|

3. The words given are: *(to write / the family)*.

The main verb of this question is *escribir* (write). It has an irregular past participle, which is *escrito*. The question could be the following:

|Spanish |English |
|–|–|
|¿Le has escrito a la familia? | Have you written to the family?|

4. The words given are: *(to do / a tour)*.

The past participle of the main verb of this sentence is also irregular. In this case, the main verb is *hacer* (to do) and its past participle is *hecho*. The question could be the following:

|Spanish |English |
|–|–|
|¿Has hecho un tour en Alaska? | Have you done a tour in Alaska?|

5. The words given are: *(to return / that restaurant)*.

In this case, the main verb of the sentence is *volver* (to get back), whose past participle is *vuelto*. The question could be the following:

|Spanish |English |
|–|–|
|¿Has vuelto a ese restaurante que nos contaste? |Have you gone back to that restaurant you told us about? |

In this exercise, we must use the expressions in the box to describe what we advise our friends and what we do not.

For this, we will use those expressions followed by verbs in their subjunctive form.

1. Our friend says: *I am going to read the tourist guide*.

To advise our friend on what to do and what not to do, we could use the expressions *Te recomiendo que …* or *Te sugiero que …*, followed by a coherent verb in its subjunctive form. Some verbs that might work are: *ir* (to go), *seguir* (to follow), *visitar* (to visit).

Let’s see some examples:

|Spanish |English |
|–|–|
|Te recomiendo que vayas a los lugares que sugieren en la guía. Te sugiero que no vayas solo. |I recommend that you go to the places suggested in the guide. I suggest you do not go alone. |
|Te sugiero que sigas las indicaciones de la guía. Te recomiendo que no visites lugares desconocidos. | I suggest you follow the directions in the guide. I recommend that you do not visit unknown places.|

2. Our friend says: *I am going to visit several museums.*

In this case, we could give our friend our opinion on what he/she should do using the following expressions *Es buena idea que …* or *Es mejor que …*. In addition, to recommend what not to do, we can use the expressions of the previous sentence: *Te recomiendo que …*, *Te sugiero que …*

We could use verb like *ir* (to go), *visitar* (to visit), *comprar* (to buy), *comer* (to eat), for example.

| Spanish| English|
|–|–|
|Es mejor que comas bien antes de salir. Te recomiendo que no visites tantos museos porque te puedes cansar. |It is better that you eat well before going out. I recommend that you do not visit so many museums because you can get tired. |
|Es buena idea que compres los boletos con tiempo. Te sugiero que no los compres por Internet para evitar errores. |It’s a good idea to buy your tickets early. I suggest you do not buy them online to avoid mistakes.|

3. Our friend says: *I am going to the theater*.

In this case, we could use the expression *Es importante que …*, to advise our friend what is important for him/her to do when he/she goes to the theater, for example. Also, to advise him/her what not to do, we can use the expression *Te aconsejo que…* or the expressions we used in the previous cases.

Here we could use verbs like *comprar* (to buy), *ver* (to see), *ir* (to go).

|Spanish |English |
|–|–|
|Es importante que vayas temprano para escoger tu asiento. Te aconsejo que no compres asientos en las últimas filas. | It is important that you go early to choose your seat. I advise you not to buy seats in the last rows.|
|Te recomiendo que veas el espectáculo sugerido por los críticos. Te sugiero que no vayas de día porque en la noche hay más funciones.|I recommend that you watch the show suggested by the critics.I suggest you do not go during the day because at night there are more functions. |

4. Our friend says: *My sister is going to get money from the bank.*

In this case, we can use any of the expressions already used to advise him/her on what his/her sister should and should not do. We can use verbs like *ir* (to go), *tener* (to have) or *sacar* (to get). This last verb, as it ends in -car, when its subjunctive form is used changes the -c to -qu. Let’s see the examples:

|Spanish |English |
|–|–|
|Es buena idea que ella vaya con alguien más. Le recomiendo que no saque dinero del banco sola. |It’s a good idea for her to go with someone else. I recommend to her that she does not withdraw money from the bank alone. |
| Es importante que ella tenga cuidado. Le sugiero que no vaya a un banco de una zona peligrosa. | It is important for her to be careful. I suggest that she not go to a bank in a dangerous area.|