In this discussion, former CIA official Paul Pillar examines the impact of accurate and misleading information on foreign policy decision making, as well as its effects on US policy and surprise prevention. The United States has experienced intelligence failures in various significant events such as the collapse of the Soviet Union, Indian nuclear test, Iranian revolution, Yom Kippur war, Tet offensive, Pearl Harbor attack, and 9/11 Attacks (Diamond, John. 2008). However, despite intercepting conversations in 1999 that indicated connections between two future hijackers and a suspected Al Qaeda facility in the Middle East, intelligence failed to prevent the devastating 9/11 Attack on September 11th, 2001 according to a congressional report.
The recommendations of the 9/11 commission resulted in the creation of a national intelligence leader and a national counterterrorism center, both with the goal of sha
...ring data. In the late 1990s, the CIA established a unit solely devoted to Osama Bin Laden, and President Bill Clinton initiated undercover operations against Al Qaeda (Bossie, David N.). During a meeting in February 2001 on global intimidation, it was acknowledged by the intelligence community that Bin Laden's terrorist network posed the immediate and most serious threat to the United States. This acknowledgment often arises when there is a conflict between received information and necessary belief about it. Since the September 11, 2001 attacks, significant efforts have been made to enhance information sharing among multiple countries. The Federal Bureau of Investigation has strengthened its relationships with local and state agencies in order to gather better intelligence.
(Martinus Nijhoff, 2007.) Failure occurred when the United States were unaware of the attack because of a lack of information sharin
between government agencies. To reduce instances of intelligence failure, current law enforcement needs to establish better connections with organizations throughout the country. If they do not gather information on future terrorist activities and take necessary precautions to prevent attacks, they will once again fall victim to a violent attack on their own soil.
References
- Bossie, David N. 2004. Intelligence failure: how Clinton's national security policy set the stage
- Diamond, John. 2008. The CIA and the culture of failure: U.S. intelligence from the end of the
- Cold War to the invasion of Iraq. Stanford, Calif: Stanford Security Series.
- U.S. Army Intelligence Center and Fort Huachuca. 1994. Military intelligence professional
- Bulletin.
Fort Huachuca, AZ: U.S. Army Intelligence Center.
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