Essay about Criminology Analysis

foundation of crime prevention through environmental design and the Market Reduction Approach to theft by Mike Sutton are linked to neoliberalism. The latter provides a toolkit for focusing on "crime facilitators" and tackling the markets for stolen goods that motivate thieves to steal. Routine activity theory, developed by Felson and Cohen, explains crime opportunities in terms of converging elements of a motivated offender, suitable target or victim, and lack of a capable guardian. A place manager, such as rental property managers who can take nuisance abatement measures, was added by John Eck as a fourth element. Biosocial criminology aims to explain crime and antisocial behavior by exploring both biological and environmental factors, recognizing the potential contributions of genetics, neuropsychology, and evolutionary psychology alongside sociological theories in contemporary criminology.

The National Deviance Conference (NDC) group was formed in 1968 by young British sociologists. The group, which was restricted to academics and had 300 members, included Ian Taylor, Paul Walton, and Jock Young. These members rejected previous explanations of crime and deviance, leading them to pursue a new Marxist criminological approach. In their work titled The New Criminology, they disputed the biological "positivism" perspective put forth by Lombroso, Hans Eysenck, and Gordon Trasler. Additionally, the Marxist perspective on crime suggests that "defiance is normal" and that men are now consciously involved.

Marxist criminologists advocated for a society that does not criminalize human diversity, whether in terms of social or personal factors. They contended that crime is not caused by genetic or psychological factors, but rather by the material conditions of a particular society. This was their way of ensuring the preservation of human diversity. [43]