Behavior Modification and Absenteeism: Intervention in One Industrial Setting Essay Example
In industrial organizations there was a growing need to reduce absenteeism and increase performance with the marginal worker in order to have a more productive day.In this paper a marginal worker is defined as an individual who has failed to demonstrate consistent work attendance and or/has failed to meet organizationally defined standards of adequate performance (Porter, 1973). Two researcher Lawler and Hackman performed a study i which they used pay incentives to decrease absenteeism, the study was based on research data provided by B. F. Skinner who stated in an interview some of his ideas on how behavior modification could be used in industrial organizations.
B. F. Skinner used a door prize or a lottery ticket as an example of what the employee with the best attendance could win.Lawler and Hackman conducted their ex
...periment at a manufacturing/distribution center that handles different products with each product in a different plant. Each plant had four levels with a plant manager at the top who was responsible for a group of 14 to 26 employees.
Only one plant was used to conduct the experiment while the other plants operated as usual. The plants were broken down into four groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, with group 4 being the experimental group. Before this intervention group 4 had the a lower absentee rate than the other groups.Absentee records for group four were obtained and measured to find a base line. Any employee not out for vacation, bereavement, jury duty or paid holidays were considered absent.
A lottery incentive system was used. A poker game was created. Each day an employee comes to work on time he or she will be allowed to
select a card from a deck of playing cards and at the end of the five day work week the employee will have 5 cards which is a normal poker hand and the employee with the highest hand wins $20. 00.
Twenty dollars may not sound like a lot but the average wage for these employees was $4. 86 with the average mployee’s education level being at the eleventh grade range. The possibility of winning $20. 00 a week was a great incentive to these employees. The experiment ran for 16 weeks and absentee measures continued to be for an additional 22 weeks to see the long term effectiveness of the program. Did this behavioral modification work? In the beginning the absenteeism rate of the experimental group was 3. 01% with 2. 31% being the goal rate. The actual achievement of the intervention was 2. 46% which showed a decrease in absentee ism by 18. 27% so yes reinforcement through behavioral modification does work.
In fact during a few weeks of the experiment the game was canceled and the absentee rate immediately rose , but one the game was reinstituted absenteeism dropped to 2. 4% (lower that the goal rate) and stayed at that level for the next six weeks.
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